关于绝对重力仪的发展和我们的思考

介绍了近年来出现的新型绝对重力仪，认为该仪器是控制地球重力场信息的重要工具，特别对FG5型的如何改进及我国绝对重力仪的如何发展，提出了建议。     

Seismic analysis of base-isolated liquid storage tanks using the BE–FE–BE coupling technique

A three-dimensional soil–structure–liquid interaction problem is numerically simulated in order to analyze the dynamic behavior of a base-isolated liquid storage tank subjected to seismic ground motion. A dynamic analysis of a liquid storage tank is carried out using a hybrid formulation, which combines the finite shell elements for structures and the boundary elements for liquid and soil. The system is composed of three parts: the liquid–structure interaction part, the soil–foundation interaction part, and the base-isolation part. In the liquid–structure interaction part, the tank structure is modeled using the finite elements and the liquid is modeled using the internal boundary elements, which satisfy the free surface boundary condition. In the soil–foundation interaction part, the foundation is modeled using the finite elements and the half-space soil media are modeled using the external boundary elements, which satisfy the radiation condition in the infinite domain. Finally, above two parts are connected with the base-isolation system to solve the system's behavior. Numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the accuracy of the developed method, and an earthquake response analysis is carried out to demonstrate the applicability of the developed technique. The properties of a real LNG tank located in the west coast of Korea are used. The effects of the ground and the base-isolation system on the behavior of the tank are analyzed.     

A rifted inside corner massif on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge at 5°S

The structure of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge at 5°S was investigated during a recent cruise with the FS Meteor. A major dextral transform fault (hereafter the 5°S FZ) offsets the ridge left-laterally by 80 km. Just south of the transform and to the west of the median valley, the inside corner (IC – the region bounded by the ridge and the active transform) is marked by a major massif, characterized by a corrugated upper surface. Fossil IC massifs can also be identified further to the west. Unusually, a massif almost as high as the IC massif also characterizes the outside corner (OC) south of the inactive fracture zone and to the east of the median valley. This OC massif has axis-parallel dimensions identical to the IC massif and both are bounded on their sides closest to the spreading axis by abrupt, steep slopes. An axial volcanic ridge is well developed in the median valley both south of the IC/OC massifs and in an abandoned rift valley to the east of the OC massif, but is absent along the new ridge-axis segment between the IC and OC massifs. Wide-angle seismic data show that between the massifs, the crust of the median valley thins markedly towards the FZ. These observations are consistent with the formation of the OC massif by the rifting of an IC core complex and the development of a new spreading centre between the IC and OC massifs. The split IC massif presents an opportunity to study the internal structure of the footwall of a detachment fault, from the corrugated fault surface to deeper beneath the fault, without recourse to drilling. Preliminary dredging recovered gabbros from the scarp slope of the rifted IC massif, and serpentinites and gabbros from the intersection of this scarp with the corrugated surface. This is compatible with a concentration of serpentinites along the detachment surface, even where the massif internally is largely plutonic in nature.     

大型维歇特地震仪的记录特征及其在地震速报中的作用

大型维歇特地震仪自德国引进南京地震台已近70年。本文简要叙述了该仪器的性能；并以南京地震台的大型维歇特地震仪的记录为例，介绍了该仪器在300-2000km范围内的记录特征，回顾了该仪器在地震速报中所起的历史作用。     

新疆伽师强震群的震源破裂特征

利用国内外短周期P波初动符号及全球数字地震台网 (GDSN)的宽频带数字记录资料 ,研究了 1997年 1月 2 3日至 1997年 11月 4日伽师强震群的震源机制解和伽师强震群中的 5个强震、后续地震及其周边地震的震源破裂过程。从震源机制解来看 ,伽师强震群主要有走滑和正倾两种破裂类型 ,主压应力轴方向主要为NNE向和近垂直 ,而主张应力轴为NW向并近水平 ,与区域构造应力场方向存在差异 ,具有明显的局部特征。从破裂过程看 ,伽师强震群的破裂过程相对简单 ,破裂面积不大 ,上升时间较短 ,是由一点向四周快速扩散的脆性破裂 ,无明显的伸展方向 ,与阿图什地震完全不同。研究结果表明 ,伽师强震群与震源附近的地壳结构在垂向和横向上的非均匀变化有着密切关系 ,而阿图什地震与塔里木盆地的现今构造运动关系密切。伽师强震群是在震源区附近地壳上部垂向和水平向力共同作用下发生的多次沿NNE向的快速脆性破裂 ,从而形成了以张性破裂和左旋走滑为主的震源特征     

山东海阳断裂东石兰沟段晚更新世以来地表断错特征与最大潜在地震估计

海阳断裂是胶东半岛NE向牟平 -即墨断裂带东部一条规模较大的断裂 ,尽管晚更新世以来该断裂的地表断错活动总体上已基本停息 ,但东石兰沟段在晚更新世晚期以来仍有断错地表的活动。最后一次断错地表的活动发生在距今 3 7～ 1 2万年 ,但接近 1 2万年。地表破裂长度约6 5km ,活动段长度 8km。地表断错以走滑活动为主 ,可见最大倾滑位移 0 2m ;根据断层擦痕侧伏角推测最大水平位移 1 13m。最后一次断错地表的活动若以距今 1 2万年计算 ,则最大平均倾滑速率为 0 0 17mm/a ;最大平均右旋走滑速率为 0 0 94mm/a。野外观测到该活动段的断错活动表现为突发断错 ,根据地震地表破裂参数、活动段长度与地震的关系 ,估计其最大潜在地震为 6 级     

地下水潮汐现象的物理机制和统一数学方程

用新的分层承压含水层模式 ,不但考虑含水层的力学压缩性质 ,而且考虑含水层的渗流特性 ,并结合扰动信息源的频率特性 ,分别研究扰动源地球固体潮、大气潮和地表负荷潮对承压井水位和流量的影响机理 ,给出相应的偏微分方程。从方程的解释或数值解讨论扰动源与承压井含水层的力学压缩参数、渗流特性参数及与频率特性频数的关系 ,进而给出承压井水位和流量对地球固体潮、大气潮和地表负荷潮汐响应的统一数学方程及其潮汐响应函数 ,并揭示了上述几类潮汐扰动信息源对承压井水位和流量影响的物理机理     

华北地区部分井孔稀有气体异常研究

介绍了近年来华北地区宝龙等 3口井稀有气体的显著异常 ,并据其特征与井孔水位动态的关系 ,对稀有气体异常的成因进行了理论分析与实验研究。结果表明 ,水位下降 10 0mm ,岩层孔隙、裂隙中的气体体积膨胀 0 0 0 90 % (气体体积百分比 ,下同 )左右。由于地下水位大幅度下降 ,岩层孔隙压力减小 ,积聚在岩层孔隙、裂隙中的气体体积膨胀溢出 ,导致井孔地下水中稀有气体含量出现异常变化。这些异常是干扰因素所致 ,不是地震异     

基于GIS与ANN耦合技术的地裂缝灾情非线性模拟预测系统——以山西榆次地裂缝灾害为例

现代地裂缝在世界许多国家普遍存在 ,已成为当今世界范围内的主要地质灾害之一。本文在详尽分析了山西榆次地裂缝的各个致灾因子的基础上 ,利用GIS技术建立了地质学意义上的专题层 ;然后采用人工神经网络技术构建出了地裂缝灾害活动性的评价模型 ,并建立了地裂缝活动性的评价系统 ,对榆次地裂缝进行了灾害活动性评价 ,为榆次市城建和国土规划等部门的正确决策提供了重要的科学依据     

水对断层摩擦滑动稳定性的影响

在不同含水条件下研究了光面、含脆性物质夹层和含延性物质夹层 3类断层的摩擦滑动行为 ,认为水对断层滑动稳定性和摩擦滑动的速度依赖性有重要影响。建立了含有岩性、围压 (深度 )和含水量 3因素的断层活动稳定性的模式 ,认为脆性断层更多地表现为速度弱化 ,少量水的存在易于出现黏滑 ,高孔隙压时会表现为稳滑 ;半脆性或半延性的断层在少量水或较低孔隙压的情况下会表现出速度弱化 ,也就可能出现黏滑 ,但孔隙压较高后 ,会表现出速度强化 ,滑动也就会是稳定的 ;延性断层多为速度强化 ,不出现黏滑。提出水的进入降低了系统的稳定性 ,水的存在增加了系统的稳定性。这是考虑水或一般流体对岩体或断层活动稳定性影响时需要考虑的两个方面