Listwanite from the Luobusa ophiolite,Tibet,forms a narrow,discontinuous band along the eastern part of the southern boundary fault. We undertook a detailed petrographic and geochemical study to understand the mineral transformation processes and the behaviour of major and trace elements during listwanite formation. Three alteration zones characterized by distinct mineral components and texture are recognized and,in order of increasing degree of alteration,these are: zoneIII is rich in serpentine minerals; zoneII is rich in talc and carbonates; and zoneI is mainly composed of carbonates and quartz. Geochemical data for the three alteration zones show significant modification of some major and trace elements in the protolith,although some oxides show linear correlations with Mg O. Gold mineralization is recognized in the Luobusa listwanite and may signify an important target for future mineral exploration. Gold enrichment occurs in both zoneI and zoneIIand is up to 0.91 g/t in one sample from zoneI. We show that CO2-rich hydrothermal fluids can modify both the occurrence and composition of chromite grains,indicating some degree of chromite mobility. Low-Cr anhedral grains are more easily altered than high-Cr varieties. The compositions of chromite and olivine grains in the listwanite suggest a dunite protolith. 相似文献
以秦岭南北的汉江上游、渭河为例,对比分析了万年以来洪水发生的时间、流量的差异,并探讨了气候变化与洪水发生的联系。结果表明:在长时间尺度上,秦岭南北的汉江上游、渭河均有古洪水事件的沉积记录,汉江上游的洪水流量远大于渭河流域的洪水流量,洪水发生时间主要集中在4 200~4 000 a BP和3 200~3 000 a BP这两个时间段内;对季风气候变化分析表明,4 200~4 000 a BP和3 200~3 000 a BP是季风突变气候恶化的两个转折期,气候突变使得秦岭南北河流在这个时间段均有古洪水事件记录,但因测年分辨率的限制,似乎秦岭南北洪水发生时间具有一致性。在短时间尺度上,对秦岭南北实测洪水分析发现,虽然大多数年份秦岭南北没有洪水同时发生,但在个别年份内秦岭南北还是有洪水同时发生情况;从华西秋雨角度分析表明,秦岭南北的汉江上游、渭河处于华西秋雨核心区,但因多种因素的影响,在多数情况下秦岭南北洪水发生的时间并不都是完全相同。研究成果有助于从水文学角度在长时间尺度上揭示秦岭南北地区主要河流洪水发生规律,深化特大洪水事件与季风气候的关系;同时也加深了对秦岭地理分界作用的认识,对秦岭南北因地制宜的进行防洪减灾和水资源的合理调度开发有重要的实践意义。 相似文献
The watershed flow concentration scheme in the distributed hydrology-soil- vegetation model (DHSVM) is coupled with the mesoscale atmospheric model MM5 version 3.5, in which the Oregen States University land surface model (OSULSM) was involved. The flood event which happened in July 2002 in the upper reaches of Heihe river basin is simulated and the surface flow convergence process is shown with this coupled model. It has been concluded that times water head reaches each place of the basin are different. Water amount at each point is split-flow proportionally as the drops in elevation between it and neighbor points. Large part of the water amount pass away in greater slope direction and small part pass away in smaller slope one. Adding of the slope convergence makes the atmospheric model redistributes the surface water laterally.