Extraction of Lithium from Salt Lake Brine using N523-TBP Mixture System

In this work,problems encountered by tri-butyl phosphate( TBP) in the industrialization of lithium extraction from salt lake brine were discussed in detail. The behavior of N,N-bi-( 2-ethylhexyl) acetamide( N523) during lithium extraction was investigated,and its disadvantages were analyzed in the view of practical application. An N523-TBP mixture extraction system was proposed to alleviate or avoid the defects that N523 and TBP met when they were used separately. The optimal composition of this mixture extraction system was determined to be 20% N523-30% TBP-50% kerosene.The effects of brine acidity,Fe/Li molarity ratio,phase ratio and chloride ion concentration on lithium extraction efficiency were discussed. The operation conditions in single-stage extraction were optimized as brine acidity = 0. 05 mol/L,Fe/Li molarity ratio = 1. 3,and phase ratio = 2. The high concentration of chloride ions in brine was beneficial for the extraction of lithium. The structure of the extracted complex was proposed as( LiFeCl_4·n N523·m TBP)·( 2-n) N523·( 2-m) TBP( m + n = 2) by chemical analysis and slope-fitting methods. The extraction thermodynamic functions were calculated preliminarily,and the results suggested that the extraction process was an exothermic( ΔH 0) and spontaneous( ΔG 0) reaction,and the degree of disorder increased( ΔS 0) during the extraction process. This work will give some guidance to the lithium industry of Qinghai in both the fundamental theory and practical application.     

融合时间序列环境卫星数据与物候特征的水稻种植区提取

获取高精度的区域水稻种植面积对于农业规划、配置与决策具有重要意义。区域尺度的水稻面积获取依赖于高时空分辨率影像,但受卫星回访周期和气候影响,难以获取足够时间序列的高时空分辨率影像,从而影响水稻种植面积遥感提取的精度。为此,提出适应于中国南方多雨云天气地区,基于国产环境卫星(HJ-1A/1B)与MODIS融合数据的水稻种植面积提取的新方法。以洞庭湖区为实验区,利用STARFM模型融合环境卫星NDVI数据与MODIS13Q1数据,获取时间序列的环境卫星NDVI数据,利用水稻关键期的NDVI数据结合物候特征参数对水稻种植区域进行提取。结果表明,该方法能有效提取区域水稻种植的面积,水稻种植面积提取的总体精度与Kappa系数分别达到91.71%与0.9024,分类结果明显优于仅采用多光谱影像或NDVI数据。该研究为中国南方多雨云天气地区水稻种植面积提取提供了有效的方法。     

Evaluating the Tree Population Density and Its Impacts in CLM-DGVM

Vegetation population dynamics play an essential role in shaping the structure and function of terrestrial ecosystems.However,large uncertainties remain in the parameterizations of population dynamics in current Dynamic Global Vegetation Models(DGVMs).In this study,the global distribution and probability density functions of tree population densities in the revised Community Land Model-Dynamic Global Vegetation Model(CLM-DGVM) were evaluated,and the impacts of population densities on ecosystem characteristics were investigated.The results showed that the model predicted unrealistically high population density with small individual size of tree PFTs(Plant Functional Types) in boreal forests,as well as peripheral areas of tropical and temperate forests.Such biases then led to the underestimation of forest carbon storage and incorrect carbon allocation among plant leaves,stems and root pools,and hence predicted shorter time scales for the building/recovering of mature forests.These results imply that further improvements in the parameterizations of population dynamics in the model are needed in order for the model to correctly represent the response of ecosystems to climate change.     

河南卢氏八宝山花岗斑岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄和Hf同位素组成特征

河南省卢氏县八宝山岩体位于华北克拉通南缘东秦岭西段,岩体呈筒状,可能为古火山机构岩颈相的超浅成侵入体,成矿组合上为独特的以铁为主的多金属矿化。八宝山岩体边缘相为钾长花岗斑岩、中心相为黑云母二长花岗斑岩。二者的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄非常一致,分别为146.6±1.6Ma和145.9±1.9Ma,说明他们可能是同期岩浆侵入作用分异的产物。钾长花岗斑岩和黑云母二长花岗斑岩锆石Hf同位素组成特征也非常相似,εHf(t)值分别为-27.55～-20.71和-27.30～-21.90,tDM2值分别为1.80～2.93Ga和2.03～2.92Ga,表明该岩体的源区物质以壳源物质为主。综合分析表明,八宝山岩体可能是扬子俯冲陆壳部分熔融的作物,并可能混入少量的太华群和熊耳群的物质,其形成的地球动力学背景可能为俯冲碰撞后的伸展环境。     

藏嵩草高寒湿地中孢粉记录的古植被与古环境状况

高寒沼泽湿地是青藏高原重要的水源涵养地,其沉积物是研究过去环境变化的重要载体.在三江源区果洛州（GLS）和青海湖北岸（QHHS）选取典型高寒沼泽湿地作为研究样地,调查其植被群落特征,并根据湿地沉积剖面的光释光年代和孢粉数据,分析湿地的古植被和古环境状况.结果表明：优势种（藏嵩草）在三江源区湿地群落和青海湖流域湿地群落中所占的优势度分别是24.43和14.74;从土壤孢粉信息表现出两个沼泽湿地自发育以来植被优势种以莎草科为主. GLS剖面显示,0～50 cm深和80～140 cm深的孢粉浓度显著高于50～80 cm深处的浓度;20 cm以下的沉积物中,花粉浓度与有机质含量呈正相关趋势,与δ13C呈负相关趋势.高寒沼泽湿地中,孢粉数据能较好地反映植物群落中莎草科的优势地位,与现生植物群落具有较好的一致性.     

层状介质高频电磁场响应及位移电流影响

所讨论的电磁场频率介于传统的低频电磁法和雷达频率之间。在这个频率范围内,传导电流和位移电流都是不可忽略的。采用高密度采样算法计算水平层状磁偶线圈模型的电磁响应,通过对归一化的电磁响应在不同地电情况的模拟,比较分析了高频电磁场响应特征以及位移电流对高频电磁响应的贡献。     

山西临县紫金山碱性杂岩LA-ICP MS锆石U-Pb年龄、地球化学特征及其地质意义

本文对鄂尔多斯盆地东缘晋西挠褶带临县紫金山杂岩体进行了锆石LA-ICPMSU-Pb年代学及地球化学研究。锆石LA-ICPMSU-Pb测得紫金山碱性杂岩的结晶年龄为138.3±1.1Ma（MSWD=2.3,9个样品点）;地球化学研究表明该套火成岩富碱（K2O＋Na2O=8.60%～15.62%）,强烈富集大离子亲石元素和LREE、具有Eu正异常,亏损Nb、Ta、Ti等高场强元素,高Nb/Ta比值（16.85～18.19）,表明岩石起源于交代富集地幔的部分熔融。结合区域地质背景,文章提出紫金山碱性杂岩可能是早白垩世华北克拉通大规模伸展背景下由交代富集地幔部分熔融作用的产物,该期岩石圈深部的强烈岩浆—热活动是鄂尔多斯盆地燕山晚期构造热事件发生的主要原因。     

方差技术在生物礁识别中的应用

在海相碳酸盐岩勘探中,生物礁滩的识别对确定储层有利相带具有重要意义.方差技术是检测地下断层、地层不连续变化现象及异常地质体卓有成效的一种技术,这里首先介绍了它的基本原理,然后重点展示和分析该技术在YB生物礁识别,沉积相带刻画中的应用成果,证实其技术优势和良好的应用前景.     

凉山瓦西乡南红玉中的赤铁矿包裹体特征与成因

瓦西乡产出的南红玉中的红色点状及火焰纹典型包裹体分别是石英中的红色球粒与红色管状包裹体。鏡下及扫描电镜(SEM)研究,红色球粒分布在"三色"层水晶的菱面体单形晶面的间歇层面中,由红色核、黑色壳和红色表层组成;火焰纹管状包裹体主要出现在条带水晶中,管的方向垂直水晶的菱面体晶面,管的内壁呈黑色,外壳为红色。其球粒表层或管外壳的颜色、厚度及透光性则直接影响南红的颜色质量与润泽性。研究表明,球粒状和火焰状包裹体主要由片状、鳞片状或板片状赤铁矿组成;球粒圈层中的赤铁矿晶体c轴取向呈规律变化,可能与其V2O5含量有关。据水晶晶体中的球粒、管及共生矿物绿帘石、黄铜矿包裹体的红外光谱(IR)及流体包裹体均一法测温与激光拉曼(LRS)分析,球或管的赤铁矿属含有机质的低温热液(约160℃)成因,成矿溶液中的有机质也是促使铁氧化物凝聚形成具不同圈层结构的红色球粒与管的主要原因。有机质可能来自下二叠统茅口组碳酸盐。     

浅谈自然科学博物馆的科普教育功能和发展对策

阐述了自然科学博物馆的现状、存在的问题、面临的困境及应有的功能，并以湖南省地质博物馆为例，剖析了博物馆生存危机的深层次原因。自然科学博物馆的发展，一方面应立足于自然科学博物馆的科普教育功能，充分发掘其科学文化内涵，另一方面应通过引进联展、提高人员素质、改变管理模式等方式来促进博物馆的可持续发展。