利用多分类器集成进行遥感影像分类

基于信息相关理论,根据相关度值动态调整分类器的组合和权重,建立了新型的多分类器集成规则,并应用于决策树分类器、BP人工神经网络分类器和SVM分类器的集成。通过对长沙城区TM影像的分类实验发现：①三种分类器的分类结果存在较明显的差异,水体区的差异像元最少,占水体总像元的15.12%,建设用地区的差异像元最多,占建设用地区像元的54.93%;②三种分类器均具有较高的分类精度,总体精度均超过了74%,而且分类器各有优势,决策树分类器能够较好地分出水体和建设用地,BP分类器能够较好地分出水体和林地,SVM分类器对水体、林地和建设用地均有较高的分类精度;③基于全信息相关度的多分类器集成分类法明显地提升了分类结果的精度,分类精度达到了85.71%,Kappa系数达到了80.56%。     

机载LiDAR点云数据的建筑物重建研究

提出了利用机载LiDAR点云数据进行复杂平面建筑物重建的方法。首先,将提取出的建筑物点云聚类到不同的平面点集;然后,对各个平面点集进行平面拟合,采用平面相交确定平面边界,并解算出各平面边界角点的三维坐标,从而重建建筑物模型。某区域的机载LiDAR点云数据的实验结果表明,该方法能有效地重建出较复杂的平面建筑物。     

气候变暖对江南双季稻灌浆期的影响及其观测规范探讨

通过对南方的江西、湖南、湖北3省4个台站双季水稻灌浆期气温及发育进程观测,以及千粒重、灌浆速度的加密观测,发现近16年来江南双季早稻、双季晚稻、一季稻生殖生长期的平均气温均升高2℃左右,早、晚稻抽穗一乳熟期天数缩短了6天左右,早、晚稻抽穗一成熟期天数分别缩短了6天左右和5天左右.气候变暖伴随着水分胁迫,回归分析显示,灌...     

一维大地电磁信赖域反演法研究

信赖域算法是一种线性化的最优化算法,该算法在每次迭代时强制性地要求新的步长不超过某一控制量,这等价于在以当前迭代点为中心的一个邻域内对一个近似于原问题的近似模型求极值,从而提高了算法的稳定性.将信赖域算法引入到层状介质大地电磁数据的反演,得到了一维层状介质的信赖域反演法.数值试验结果发现该算法收敛性强,收敛速度快.抗噪...     

重、磁异常的经验模态分解及其在鄂东张福山铁矿勘探中的应用

由Norden E Huang提出的经验模态分解(Empirical Mode Decomposition,即EMD)是一种以信号极值特征尺度为度量的时空滤波过程,其利用信号的上、下包络得到多个分量.这些分量包含了信号从高到低不同频率段的成分,也称固有模态函数,最后的余量为趋势分量,代表信号的平均趋势,这与地球物理场中...     

欧洲冬季５００ｈＰａ环流异常及与中国气候异常的关系

用中国160气象站月平均降水和气温资料以及NCEP/NCAR月平均再分析资料,采用EOF分析等方法,研究了冬季欧洲500 hPa高度异常的变化特征及其与中国气候的关系.结果表明:(1)EOF第1模态主要反映了欧洲东部大槽和西欧脊的空间变化特征,定义了主模态的两种异常型:西高东低型和西低东高型;(2)主模态时间系数与40°N以南中国中东部一直到华南地区的降水呈显著正相关关系,而与中国东北、内蒙古中东部以及长江下游沿海的气温呈显著正相关关系;(3)西高东低异常型年,有利于欧洲中高纬冷空气向中国南方地区传输,不利于向中国北方地区传输;有利于孟加拉湾水汽向中国华南地区输送,也有利于西北太平洋水汽向中国东部以及北方输送;欧亚高纬度高压系统减弱,而西北太平洋海面低压系统减弱,东亚冬季风减弱;反之亦然.     

Study on Probability Distributions of Multi-Timescale Aerosol Optical Depth Using AERONET Data

The probability distribution analysis is per-formed for multi-timescale aerosol optical depth (AOD) using AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET) level 2.0 data.The maximum likelihood estimation is employed to determine the best-fit probability density function (PDF),and the statement that the fitting Weibull distribution will be light-tailed is proved true for these AOD samples.The best-fit PDF results for multi-site data show that the PDF of AOD samples with longer timescale in most sites tends to be stably represented by lognormal distribution,while Weibull distribution is a better fit for AOD samples with short timescales.The reason for this difference is ana-lyzed through tail characteristics of the two distributions,and an indicator for the selection between Weibull and lognormal distributions is suggested and validated.The result of this research is helpful for determining the most accurate AOD statistics for a given site and a given time-scale and for validating the retrieved AOD through its PDF.     

一个区域气候模式对ENSO衰减年夏季中国东部降水的模拟

The performance of the Climate version of the Regional Eta-coordinate Model (CREM), a regional climate model developed by State Key Laboratory of Nu- merical modeling for Atmospheric Science and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics/Institute of Atmospheric Physics (LASG/IAP), in simulating rainfall anomalies during the ENSO decaying summers from 1982 to 2002 was evaluated. The added value of rainfall simulation relative to reanalysis data and the sources of model bias were studied. Results showed that the model simulated rainfall anomalies moderately well. The model did well at capturing the above-normal rainfall along the Yangtze River valley (YRV) during El Nio decaying summers and the below and above-normal rainfall centers along the YRV and the Huaihe River valley (HRV), respectively, during La Nia decaying summers. These features were not evident in rainfall products derived from the reanalysis, indicating that rainfall simulation did add value. The main limitations of the model were that the simulated rainfall anomalies along the YRV were far stronger and weaker in magnitude than the observations during El Nio decaying summers and La Nia decaying summers, respectively. The stronger magnitude above-normal rainfall during El Nio decaying summers was due to a stronger northward transport of water vapor in the lower troposphere, mostly from moisture advection. An artificial, above-normal rainfall center was seen in the region north to 35°N, which was associated with stronger northward water vapor transport. Both lower tropospheric circulation bias and a wetter model atmosphere contributed to the bias caused by water vapor transport. There was a stronger southward water vapor transport from the southern boundary of the model during La Nia decaying summers;less remaining water vapor caused anomalously weaker rainfall in the model as compared to observations.     

基于开口同轴法的岩矿石样品介电常数测试

火成岩及变质岩找矿是金属探矿的重要组成部分,围岩与矿体之间存在的电性差别是区分二者的重要标志;另外探地雷达以高频电磁波传播为基础,决定电磁波场波速的主要因素是介电常数,因此以介电常数及电导率为内容的电性参数测试就显得尤为必要.传统岩矿石介电常数测试主要使用同轴传输/反射法,而开口同轴法在岩矿石电性测试方面的工作开展较少...     

海温强迫下的东亚夏季大气环流潜在可预报性特征

利用大气环流模式NCARCAM3,进行22a（1979—2000年）、每年8个初值的集合试验,并采用方差分析方法,研究了观测海温强迫下东亚夏季大气环流的潜在可预报性。结果表明,夏季东亚地区海平面气压场的潜在可预报性总体偏低,在中国区域呈东南高、西北低的分布特征;850hPa纬向风场、对流层500～200hPa平均温度场和500hPa位势高度场在低纬度地区的潜在可预报性明显高于中高纬度地区。500hPa位势高度场的潜在可预报性较高,东亚大部分地区大于0.5,尤其华南地区大于0.7。夏季东亚500hPa位势高度场的潜在可预报性具有明显的年际变化特征,并与夏季南海海温异常关系密切。与正常年份相比,在夏季南海海温偏暖或者偏冷年,东亚500hPa位势高度场的潜在可预报性较高