土地利用数据综合方法的研究进展

对有关土地利用数据综合方法的研究成果进行综述,主要回顾国内外在土地利用数据综合操作方面的理论规则、约束条件、算法等,并展望土地利用数据综合的未来研究方向。     

美国促进地理信息劳动力发展的举措与启示

在全面介绍美国地理信息技术能力素质模型（ GTCM ）、地理信息职业、地理信息课程培训和认证体系的基础上,提出了要研究制定我国地理信息职业能力标准、新增地理信息职业类型、充分参考和利用GTCM模型、建立人才交流平台、加强地理信息劳动力调查研究,以促进我国地理信息劳动力和产业发展。     

The Second Modified Perpendicular Drought Index (MPDI1): A Combined Drought Monitoring Method with Soil Moisture and Vegetation Index

Since soil moisture and vegetation index are direct and important indicators for surface drought status, a new drought monitoring method (MPDI1) is developed in NIR-Red reflectance space. It is a combination of two satellite-derived variables—a soil moisture component using the Perpendicular Drought Index (PDI), and a vegetation component using the Perpendicular Vegetation Index (PVI). Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) image and in-situ ground observation are introduced to validate the accuracy of the proposed method. Results indicate that MPDI1 is highly consistent to the in-situ ground observation with the coefficient of determination (R²?=?0.49) between MPDI1 and 5–20 cm mean soil moisture, which is slightly higher than the coefficient of determination (R²?=?0.42) between MPDI1 and 10 cm soil moisture. Compared with drought indices such as PDI and the Modified Perpendicular Drought Index (MPDI), MPDI1 provides quite similar trends for bare soil or lower vegetated surface, but it demonstrates a better performance in measuring densely vegetated surface. This paper concludes that MPDI1 provides correct and sufficient information on surface drought status in soil-plant continuum, which appears to have robust available and great potential for surface drought estimation in China and other countries.     

彩色扫描地图中背景色的等高（等深）线矢量化研究

在介绍矢量化方式的基础上,根据国外地图的特点,选择了基于全要素地图的矢量化方式。通过综合利用多义点及方向信息,对等高线矢量化的追踪过程控制,不仅避免了误追踪等特殊情况,且减少了人机交互,实现了有背景色区域等高（等深）线的半自动矢量化。     

Towards a 1 mGal accuracy and 1 min resolution altimetry gravity field

Over the past three decades, radar altimetry has made a significant contribution to marine gravity field modeling. To improve the accuracy and resolution, we propose a new twin-satellite altimetry. Such a system has several advantages. Among others, it provides (i) twice the number of samples per time epoch, and (ii) information about the cross-track surface gradient with high accuracy because most of the environmental and tidal errors will be common to the simultaneous measurements and therefore cancel out when computing the cross-track gradient computation. We describe a rigorous procedure for the deduction of the sea surface gradient at each altimeter observation point (i.e., not only at the crossovers), from the twin-satellite altimetry system. The precision of the gradient will be slightly affected by orbit errors, instrument drift, and inaccuracies in the geophysical corrections to be applied. We also demonstrate that a 1 mGal accuracy and 1 min resolution marine altimetry gravity field can be obtained if certain conditions are met. To achieve the expected goal, we recommend an orbital configuration, phasing two satellites in 4-s time delay such that the Earth rotation creates a natural baseline between the two satellites, and a 18 kHz SAR altimeter.     

地理国情监测中地貌形态识别研究——以汶川地震核心灾区为例

监测地理国情,是经济社会发展到一定阶段的必然要求,地貌形态数据是重要的基础地理信息,地理国情监测中地貌形态识别是一项必要的基础工作。本文根据25m分辨率的DEM数据,以绝对高程和地形起伏度为地貌形态识别指标,建立适合汶川地震核心灾区的分类分级指标体系,采用数据分割的方法获得研究区6种地貌形态的分布图,识别结果真实可靠,对后续工作具有一定借鉴和指导意义。     

切比雪夫多项式拟合卫星轨道与钟差的精度分析

利用切比雪夫多项式拟合卫星轨道,用经验统计法确定轨道不同弧段数据的满足精度要求的拟合阶数区间,发现非最佳拟合阶数会引入较大的拟合噪声,因此在精密计算时应选择最佳拟合阶数。本文用此多项式拟合卫星钟差,能达到内插钟差同等的精度,而且与拉格朗日滑动内插相比,拟合残差序列分布更好,计算效率更高;提出利用残差自相关进行精度评定的方法,当精度变化微小时相比一般的精度评定方法具有明显优势。     

GNSS电磁环境信息管理技术研究

随着我国北斗系统的建成和投入使用,全球卫星导航系统(GNSS)受电磁环境影响的问题也日益凸显。详细调研分析了国外在此领域已经开展的各项工作,国内在此领域已经具备的基础条件,提出了我国的GNSS电磁环境信息管理技术方法,并以此为基础编写完成了初步的演示验证软件。     

美国内政部四轮战略规划的发展趋势及特点分析

美国内政部的战略规划是该部施政纲领的集中体现。四轮战略规划的目标从2003年强调资源保护、利用与休闲娱乐的平衡,到2007年增加全球经济、环境、政治和其他因素对内政部战略规划的影响,直至2014年强调资源的娱乐、人文观赏价值,并重视培养下一代的管理责任。内政部战略定位逐渐清晰。资源保护、经济发展、休闲娱乐的相对关系发生变化,从强调三者平衡到强调资源的休闲、文化等景观价值。     

建设工程基础验线与竣工规划测量的研究

基础验线与竣工规划测量是城市规划管理的重要环节,其成果是规划过程监督管理与竣工验收审核的重要依据。无锡市自2012年1月1日起正式实施建设工程基础验线与竣工规划测量工作。本文介绍了无锡市建设工程基础验线与竣工规划测量的作业依据与资料准备、工作内容及提交的成果,并结合工程实例对成果进行分析,为今后工作提供参考。