辽宁省春玉米全育期的气候适宜度及年景评估

为评价气候变化对玉米生长的影响,以辽宁省为例选取1969—2018年18个气象站点的逐日实测气象数据,利用模糊数学法建立春玉米气候适宜度评估模型,以地理信息技术为依托,探究春玉米气候适宜度的时空特征,并在此基础上进行玉米气候年景的综合评估。结果表明:①辽宁省春玉米全生育期内日照、温度、降水适宜度波动幅度较大;然而春玉米种植气候适宜度的空间差异性较弱。②春玉米各生育期气候适宜度由高到低为:出苗期>开花期>成熟期>播种期。全生育期温度适宜度最高,日照适宜度次之,降水适宜度最低。③春玉米播种期、出苗期、开花期和成熟期的气候适宜度最高值分别出现在辽阳、葫芦岛、营口和铁岭。④春玉米气候年景准确率达64%,表明该评估方法可以较为准确地反映气候年景。近50 a辽宁省春玉米偏好的年景有4个年份(1971、1979、1993、1998年),较差的有1969年(4.98%)及1973年(5.59%)。     

大安古河道试区土地潜力性评价

土地潜力是进行土地评价的重要内容,也是一种新方法,在古河道区的土地潜力性评价中分质量（状态）因子和诊断因子,采用质量因子和权重法对该进行潜力性评价,评价结果表明：该区域二等地１７０．９１ｈｍ＾２三等地９４．８９ｈｍ＾２四等地６８９．０７ｈｍ＾２,五等地６．６３ｈｍ＾２。没有土地质量期望值在３．５以上的一等地。     

Artificial light at night: implications for early life stages development in four temperate freshwater fish species

Flora and fauna have both evolved under a natural cycle of light and dark. But especially in urban areas, the night is now increasingly disturbed by artificial light. Many traits and behaviours in fish are triggered by a circadian clock, for example hatching and swim bladder inflation, which predominantly take place at dusk or night. As lighting becomes brighter and extends farther into rural areas, the distinction between day and night becomes increasingly blurred. Therefore, the loss of diurnal trigger by artificial light at night was hypothesized having deleterious effects on these traits and impact fish reproduction. To assess these effects, eggs of four native freshwater fishes, Eurasian perch Perca fluviatilis, roach Rutilus rutilus, bleak Alburnus alburnus and chub Leuciscus cephalus, were incubated under two different light conditions: a photoperiod of 14 h light:10 h darkness (LD) and continuous illumination (LL). The time to hatch and swim bladder inflation was recorded. The species showed inconsistent reactions to the light treatments. In roach and bleak, the time to 50% hatch was longer in LL, whereas continuous lighting had an accelerating effect in chub. Incubation in LL elongated the hatching period in perch and roach and, in perch, the onset of darkness seemed to trigger hatching. The swim bladder inflation was significantly promoted by continuous light in chub and bleak but was not affected in roach. In conclusion, nocturnal artificial illumination could have an effect on hatching and initial swim bladder filling by masking the day–night-change and thereby diminish the trigger effect. However, the reactions were species specific and the increase in variation indicated a lack of diurnal triggering, whilst a general deleterious effect of artificial light at night has not been identified on early life stages.     

白令海北部陆坡晚第四纪的古海洋与古气候学记录

白令海北部陆坡B2 9柱状样中放射虫Cycladophoradavisiana含量曲线和深海SPECMAP氧同位素记录的对比 ,为该柱状样建立了晚第四纪约 1 0万年以来的地层年代框架。该柱状样中微体化石、碳屑颗粒、筏冰碎屑 (石英和岩屑颗粒 )的定量分析结果表明 ,作为表层生产力指标的粗组份自氧同位素 5 .3期以来呈阶梯状增加 ,反映表层生产力阶段式的增长 ;碳屑颗粒丰度自氧同位素 5 .3期至末次冰消期的增加说明白令海末次冰消期以前气候较全新世干冷 ,天然火灾发生的概率较全新世大大增加 ;冰期和早、中全新世较高的筏冰碎屑反映了冰期和早、中全新世白令海陆架海冰的扩大以及气候转暖所导致的海冰消融的过程 ,揭示了白令海对过去全球气候变化的响应。     

1208-1369年陕甘宁交界地区干湿变化

More than 240 items of historical records containing climatic information were retrieved from official historical books, local chronicles, annals and regional meteorological disaster yearbooks. By using moisture index and flood/drought (F/D) index obtained from the above information, the historical climate change, namely wet-dry conditions in borderland of Shaanxi Province, Gansu Province and Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (BSGN, mainly included Ningxialu, Hezhoulu, Gongchanglu, Fengyuanlu and Yan’anlu in the Yuan Dynasty) was studied. The results showed that the climate of the region was generally dry and the ratio between drought and flood disasters was 85/38 during the period of 1208–1369. According to the frequencies of drought-flood disasters, the whole period could be divided into three phases. (1) 1208–1240: drought dominated the phase with occasional flood disasters. (2) 1240–1320: long-time drought disasters and extreme drought events happened frequently. (3) 1320–1369: drought disasters were less severe when flood and drought disasters happened alternately. Besides, the reconstructed wet-dry change curve revealed obvious transition and periodicity in the Mongol-Yuan Period. The transitions occurred in 1230 and 1325. The wet-dry change revealed 10- and 23-year quasi-periods which were consistent with solar cycles, indicating that solar activity had affected the wet-dry conditions of the study region in the Mongol-Yuan Period. The reconstructed results were consistent with two other study results reconstructed from natural evidences, and were similar to another study results from historical documents. All the above results showed that the climate in BSGN was characterized by long-time dry condition with frequent severe drought disasters during 1258 to 1308. Thus, these aspects of climatic changes might have profound impacts on local vegetation and socio-economic system.     

1995年康定城区洪灾成因分析

分析洪灾成因 :长时间连续降雨和随后而至的暴雨 ,是山洪成灾主要因素 ;特殊的水系结构使洪峰流量在城区河流汇合处叠加 ;山洪的动能大 ,挟带泥沙和冲蚀能力强 ;泥石流、滑坡、崩塌强烈活动 ,为山洪提供大量泥沙、推移质 ;人类经济活动不当 ,加大了灾害损失     

GM4型磁通门磁力仪性能检验方法

目前,磁通门磁力仪广泛应用于观测地球磁场相对变化的仪器。相对于应用,仪器的性能测试不为人们所熟悉。本文针对GM4型磁通门磁力仪的噪声特性,频率特性,线性度,温度特性等关键性能指标的测试依据、测试方法及流程给予详细的阐述。     

西北干旱区荒漠生态系统通量贡献区模型研究

涡度相关仪通量值所代表的通量贡献区范围,对于通量观测塔的选址、仪器安装高度的确定以及通量观测数据的质量控制等具有重要的指导意义。利用通量贡献区模型对位于古尔班通古特沙漠试验场通量观测资料的空间代表性进行初步分析。结果表明：该荒漠区在大气稳定条件下90%的通量贡献区最远可以达到686.40 m,通量贡献函数最大点的位置在162.50 m;大气稳定时各风向的通量贡献区范围在生长末期均达到最大,生长初期和中期的源区变化因受到各风向风速和植被下垫面的影响而有差异;大气不稳定时不同生长时期各风向通量贡献区没有固定变化规律;通量源区大约有58.71%的信息来自于荒漠区通量观测塔西南至西北方,整个生长季生长末期通量贡献最多,所占比例为40.16%。由FSAM模型测得的通量贡献区范围可以较准确地反映荒漠生态系统下垫面的通量信息。     

Power spectrum of geomagneticK p-index detected at Misallat magnetic station

TheK _p-indices measured at Misallat station [ø = 29°45 N; = 30°54 E] during the period 1958–1989, have been compared with the data of two geomagnetic stations; one of them has similar longitude as Misallat and the second has almost similar latitude. The spectra of daily and hourly data of the three stations are compared together to define the latitude and longitude-effects on the detected periodicities. Daily periodicities ofK _p-index activities at the values 32.7, 21.2, 12.9, 11.6 and 9.2 days have been obtained to be common in the spectra of the three stations. The existence of 5-days periodicity in these stations has also been detected.     

基于IPA法的传统型景区游客满意度评价——以琅琊山景区为例

游客满意度评价对景区规划、建设和管理很重要。结合文献分析与德尔菲法,构建了传统型景区游客满意度评价指标体系,并以琅琊山景区为例采用IPA模型进行案例分析。结果表明:琅琊山景区7个要素测度层——资源特色、景区环境、景区产品、景区交通、景区服务、景区设施、景区价格及30项因子测度指标感知均值都为满意度重要性,游后感知实绩(满意度)全低于游前期望(重要性);IPA矩阵分析30项因子分布为:优势区域6项、修补区域4项、机会区域15项、维持区域5项,游后满意度(实绩)与游前重要性(期望)感知评价"双高项"占20.0%,"双低项"占50.0%。总体上游客期望值较高而满意度不高,各评价因子的满意度评价差异较大,景区需提升产品与服务。