GIS基础地理数据质量检查及其监控体系构建

随着GIS应用的日益广泛,其基础地理数据质量问题越来越得到重视.本文对GIS基础地理数据的质量从检查内容、误差源、检查方法方面进行了研究,最后以数字线化图为例对软件监控方法的主要内容进行了探讨.     

为政府信息化建设设计一种简便的管理方法——持续评估

近年来公共财政的使用往往要接受审计机关的追踪问效。信息化建设通常投资规模较大,无疑成为审计的重点对象。但是,审计只是来自外部的事后监督,虽然发现了问题,许多损失却已既成事实。因此,信息化建设甚至有时被形容为吞噬投资的"黑洞"。应该说,为了有效地防范问题和损失,使用公共资金的机构亟需在内部建立及时的"成本-效果"反馈机制,提前进行自我审计。针对于此,本文借鉴目前国内外已有的一些绩效评估工具,根据政府信息化建设的特点,提出一种较为简单、可操作的持续评估方法。     

The Filament Disappearance of 7 May 1992 (the Ebi)

The 7 May 1992 filament disappearance in the low corona is analyzed. The cool and hot components of this event are studied, using H, soft X-ray and radio data. We first show the general effect of the disparition brusque (DB) on the life of the filament, which was a quiescent filament in the vicinity of an active region, and then give the history of the development of the 7 May event. The main stages of the event are: (i) the formation of hot arches spanning the cool filament; (ii) rise of the filament, with plasma ejection into the corona, in which we note some spreading of loops from the main body, with two distinct rising velocity phases of the H filament; (iii) formation of X-ray arches below the filament, the foot points of the arcades being two-ribbon H flare patches. The dynamics of H and X-rays features are given.     

太阳系尘埃等离子体研究

综述了太阳系尘埃等离子体中的充电机制和波动过程以及与之有关的若干空间物理现象,内容包括太阳系等离子体中尘埃表面的平衡电势,带电尘埃在空间环境中的受力与运动,行星环内沿的弥漫扩散,轮辐结构的成困,彗星环境中尘埃的静电爆裂,尘埃彗尾的形态演化,天王星窄环的稳定性等问题．     

知识经济与科技编辑

以知识经济的特点为背景,论述了知识经济与科技发展的关系,探讨了面对知识经济科技编辑如何处理好基础研究类学术著作、高科技图书与实用普及类图书的出版,以及编辑自身提高等问题。     

山东省主要地质灾害及防治对策

山东省主要地质灾害有矿山地质灾害、海（咸）水入侵、岩溶塌陷、水土流失、崩塌、滑坡、泥石流及地面沉降、地裂缝等,其发育和分布严格受地质构造、水文地质条件的制约,同时也受气象、人类活动等因素的影响。这些灾害危害很大,往往造成巨大的经济损失,并伴有人员伤亡。文中对其分布规律、危害程度、致害因素及区域活动性等做了分析,并提出了防治对策及防灾减灾建议。     

三维地理信息系统中几何特征的误差模型

本文提出了三维地理信息系统中几何特征的误差模型。基于面表示的三维ＧＩＳ的特征被分为点、线段及线,该模型给出这些特征的一种误差描述,即围绕着这些几何特征的量测值的一个范围。     

Microscopic Fracture Processes in a Granite

Summary The deformation of a competent, brittle, granitic rock is thought to have two main components: elastic and brittle deformation, the latter caused by axial microcracking. Dynamic fatigue testing of Lac du Bonnet granite would, however, suggest the presence of a third mechanism, compaction. Compaction is not the same as elastic crack closure; compaction entails permanent damage along grain boundaries that are under high compression. During compaction, the axial stiffness (elastic modulus) of the rock increases and the permanent crack volume becomes negative (compression). Compaction is active at all stress levels, but it is most noticeable at low stress where its presence is not masked by dilation caused by axial microcracking.     

An example of identifying karst groundwater flow

 Hydrogeological investigations for the purpose of regulating the karst aquifer were carried out in the mountain massif of Kucaj in the Carpatho-Balkan range of eastern Serbia. Different geophysical methods were applied in order to identify the position of karstified zones with active circulation of karst underground streams. Especially good results were obtained by using the spontaneous potential method for the exploration and construction of boreholes and wells. In the valleys of Crni Timok and Radovanska reka the measurements have been carried out upstream along the whole width of the alluvium to the limestone periphery. A number of positive and negative anomalies have been recorded. In the centres of positive anomalies several boreholes were located: HG-19 (centre of anomaly +30 mV, total length of the biggest cavern is 9 m); HG-1 (+20 mV, cavern of 2 m); HG-15 (max. +114 mV, effective cavernousness is 17%). Received: 20 February 1995 · Accepted: 12 September 1997     

Clustering stochastic point process model for flood risk analysis

Since the introduction into flood risk analysis, the partial duration series method has gained increasing acceptance as an appealing alternative to the annual maximum series method. However, when the base flow is low, there is clustering in the flood peak or flow volume point process. In this case, the general stochastic point process model is not suitable to risk analysis. Therefore, two types of models for flood risk analysis are derived on the basis of clustering stochastic point process theory in this paper. The most remarkable characteristic of these models is that the flood risk is considered directly within the time domain. The acceptability of different models are also discussed with the combination of the flood peak counted process in twenty years at Yichang station on the Yangtze river. The result shows that the two kinds of models are suitable ones for flood risk analysis, which are more flexible compared with the traditional flood risk models derived on the basis of annual maximum series method or the general stochastic point process theory. Received: September 29, 1997