基于结构方程模型的宁波城市居民休闲满意度研究

休闲满意度研究对于提升城市居民美好生活质量具有重要意义。采用Beard等编制的休闲满意度量表,以问卷调查数据为基础,通过构建结构方程模型对浙江省宁波城市居民休闲满意度进行了研究。结果表明：①宁波城市居民对休闲带来的放松体验最满意,教育功能和审美体验次之,身体和心理满意度相对较低,而社会满意度最低。②审美满意度、身体满意度和心理满意度对宁波城市居民休闲总体满意度具有显著影响,其中,审美满意度的影响程度最大,其次为心理满意度和身体满意度,而放松、社交以及教育满意度对休闲总体满意度具有显著影响的研究假设未获支持。③构建的宁波城市居民休闲满意度结构方程模型具有跨样本稳定性特征。研究结果可为提升宁波城市居民休闲满意度提供理论依据。     

不同超声强度下微囊藻群体沉降及其上浮过程对光照和温度的响应

以太湖微囊藻群体为研究对象,研究低频超声作用下,4种超声强度和不同处理时间对微囊藻群体的抑制效应,试图得出最优超声参数,同时探讨超声处理后的微囊藻群体对光照和温度的响应.结果表明,当超声强度为0.0353 W/cm~3、处理时间为60 s时,藻细胞沉降量高达80%,且此时藻细胞浓度和叶绿素a浓度均保持不变,表明超声未破碎藻细胞,细胞内含物不会泄漏污染水质,因此作为最优超声参数.随后,对超声处理后的微囊藻群体在不同光照和温度条件下进行恢复培养,结果表明光照和温度均能影响微囊藻群体的浮力恢复,但光照的影响更明显,当光照度为2000 lx时,藻细胞在培养120 h后漂浮率恢复至对照组水平.超声后的藻细胞在较低温度(≤20℃)下漂浮率无显著变化,而在较高温度(25℃)下,培养72 h后漂浮率迅速升高,至120 h能恢复至对照组水平的80%左右.因此,野外超声控藻应选择低光强、低温的时段,采用间歇式多次处理,抑制微囊藻群体上浮,使其彻底沉降.     

利用辽宁区域地震台网记录分析"重复地震"

将Schaff和Richards所选的通过远震波形相关得到的分布在辽宁地区的23对ldquo;重复地震rdquo;,利用辽宁区域地震台网记录的波形资料进行相关计算,得到辽宁区域台网波形相关意义上的ldquo;重复地震rdquo;,并与Schaff和Richards的结果进行了对比分析. 利用辽宁区域台网得到的ldquo;重复地震rdquo;对辽宁区域地震台网的震相拾取和地震定位进行了评估. 结果表明,远震波形相关意义上的ldquo;重复地震rdquo;与区域台网波形相关意义上的ldquo;重复地震rdquo;有一定差别,它们只有部分交集. 但是,从总体上评估辽宁区域台网的定位能力和震相拾取误差,用两种方法得到的ldquo;重复地震rdquo;所给出的评估结果无实质差别——尽管用区域台网得到的ldquo;重复地震rdquo;似乎效果更好. 基于ldquo;重复地震rdquo;之间在理论上距离应小于1 km的工作假定,可以得到辽宁区域台网地震目录中的定位误差在5 km之内,平均为2 km;Pg震相的拾取误差94%在plusmn;1 s之间,Sg震相的拾取误差88%在plusmn;1 s之间.      

波形相关意义“重复地震”研究综述

波形相关意义的“重复地震”在自然界中普遍存在,其数量远远超过我们的预期.近年来由于数字地震观测技术的普及和发展,有关“重复地震”的研究引起越来越多的关注.目前“重复地震”研究已被广泛应用于检测地壳介质性质变化、评估地震台网的定位精度、地震“复发”和断层深部滑动速率的估算等方面,在提高定位和震相识别精度、断层结构、震源物理及地震预测研究等方面也都显示出值得关注的应用潜力.本文对有关“重复地震”的最新研究及应用成果进行了总结和归纳.     

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674987113000790

The Heilangou gold deposit is located in the northern QixiaePenglai gold belt, which is one amongst the three large gold belts in the eastern Shandong Province （Jiaodong Peninsula）. The ore body has formed within the Guojialing granite. In this study, we report the mineral chemistry of pyrite, as well as the S, Pb, and HeO isotope data of the Heilangou gold deposit. The chemical composition of pyrite in the Heilangou gold deposit indicates that the associated gold deposit is a typical magmatic hydrothermal one. The geochemical signatures and crystal structure of pyrite show that the ore-forming materials have been derived from the crust. The S isotope data of the pyrites from Heilangou show an overall range from 5.5 to 7.8＆amp;and an average of 6.7＆amp;. The S isotope data in this deposit are similar to those from the deposits in the Jiaodong gold belt. The Pb and S isotope variations are small in the Heilangou gold deposit. The 206Pb/204Pb, 207Pb/204Pb and 208Pb/204Pb ratios are 17.4653e17.5958, 15.5105e15.5746 and 38.0749e38.4361, respec-tively. These data plot between the lower crust and the orogenic belt. The Pb isotope data in the Heilangou gold deposit are similar to those in the Linglong gold deposit. From the Qixia gold area （the Liukou and Majiayao gold deposits） to the MupingeRushan gold belt （Rushan gold deposit） to the ZhaoeYe gold belt （the Linglong, Sanshandao and Jiaojia gold deposits）, the 206Pb/204Pb ratios progressively increase. The DeO isotope data obtained from quartz separates suggest that the ore-forming fluid was similar to a mixture of magmatic and meteoric waters. These results suggest that the ore-forming elements were primarily from source fluids derived from the lower crust.     

基于静风期污染物的PM2.5排放清单空间精细化方法

有利气象条件之后的静风期,极大降低了PM_2.5跨区域传输的影响,能够揭示本地源的排放状况。本文尝试性引入了静风期污染物分布揭示本地源排放特征的概念,提出了一种基于遥感数据的PM_2.5排放清单空间精细化方法：首先,利用 MODIS MCD19A2反演的ChinaHighPM_2.5数据,构建高时空分辨率PM_2.5数据融合方法;然后,构建唐山市有利气象条件之后的静风期污染物遴选方法（合理风向和风速：有利气象条件为东风,地面10 m高度风速大于3 m/s,其他风向,持续的较大风力5~10 m/s;静风期风速小于1.5~2.0 m/s）;其次,基于遴选的静风期PM_2.5数据分配MEIC清单中的PM_2.5总排放量,同时对比传统插值方法：基于GDP、人口密度、路网、土地利用类型数据,实现清单各污染源PM_2.5的1 km×1 km空间分配;最后,利用WRF-CMAQ模拟数据和地面台站实测数据进行真实性检验。研究结果表明：① PM_2.5数据填补融合方法能够有效提高PM_2.5监测数据的时空分辨率,且与地面监测值显著相关（R²=0.94,RMSE=4.64 µg/m³,NMB=2%,NME=7%）;② 引入有利气象条件后的静风期概念,提出了静风期污染物的遴选方法,有效降低了PM_2.5跨区域传输的影响,更好地反映了本地源排放的空间分布特征;③ WRF-CMAQ模拟方法的精度验证结果表明,该方法较传统面积插值法NME降低7%,NMB降低10%,RMSE降低1.54 µg/m³,R²提高11%。该方法为排放清单的空间精细化提供了新的研究思路。     

Modulation of Convectively Coupled Kelvin Wave Activity in the Tropical Pacific by ENSO

The influence of El Nio-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on the convectively coupled Kelvin waves over the tropical Pacific is investigated by comparing the Kelvin wave activity in the eastern Pacific (EP) El Nio, central Pacific (CP) El Nio, and La Nia years, respectively, to 30-yr (1982-2011) mean statistics. The convectively coupled Kelvin waves in this study are represented by the two leading modes of empirical orthogonal function (EOF) of 2-25-day band-pass filtered daily outgoing longwave radiation (OLR), with the estimated zonal wavenumber of 3 or 4, period of 8 days, and eastward propagating speed of 17 ms-1 . The most significant impact of ENSO on the Kelvin wave activity is the intensification of the Kelvin waves during the EP El Nios. The impact of La Nia on the reduction of the Kelvin wave intensity is relatively weaker, reflecting the nonlinearity of tropical deep convection and the associated Kelvin waves in response to ENSO sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies. The impact of the CP El Nio on the Kelvin waves is less significant due to relatively weaker SST anomalies and smaller spatial coverage. ENSO may also alter the frequency, wavelength, and phase speed of the Kelvin waves. This study demonstrates that low-frequency ENSO SST anomalies modulate high-frequency tropical disturbances, an example of weather-climate linkage.     

基于模式先验信息的贝叶斯集合降水概率预报试验

为了更好地利用降水预报历史先验概率分布函数信息修订集合概率预报效果,基于贝叶斯原理和贝叶斯降水概率预报模型,分别使用1952—2007年历史观测资料和2009—2011年6月24~120 h中国T213全球集合预报历史资料作为先验信息,对中国不同气候区代表站（广州、南京、武汉和成都）建立贝叶斯降水概率预报模型,对比不同先验信息下集合成员与集成贝叶斯降水概率预报拟合结果差异,分析先验信息对贝叶斯降水概率预报模型的影响,在此基础上,采用模式先验信息的贝叶斯降水概率预报模型,进行2008年6月降水概率预报试验。试验结果表明,由T213集合预报产生的先验信息较历史观测资料产生的先验信息更优,当先验信息的降水概率分布函数曲率最大处偏向降水大值区时,贝叶斯模型的降水预报结果也偏向降水大值区,反之亦然。结果还显示,先验信息对贝叶斯降水概率预报模型有重要影响,若先验信息偏向更多更大降水量时,贝叶斯降水概率预报对有降水的预报更优,若降水先验信息偏向更少更小降水量时,对无雨或微量降水预报效果越好。     

Supply-chain impacts of Sichuan earthquake: a case study using disaster input–output analysis

Natural Hazards - With the development of interregional trade, a potential disaster that happens in one place could cause enormous economic losses in distant areas. Timely and comprehensive...     

Analysis of Cu,Co, V and Zn in coastal waters of the East China Sea by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS)

In this study, a simple method for the simultaneous determination of trace metals(Cu, V, Co, Zn) in coastal seawater using the Mg(OH)2 coprecipitation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS) was developed. This multi-element method enables the simultaneous extraction of four metals, particularly Co and V. The recoveries of Cu, Co, V and Zn after Mg(OH)2 coprecipitation were 73%, 96%, 94% and 92%, which means that our procedure was well-suited to the determination of these four trace metals. The detection limits were 3.81, 0.18, 6.09 and 1.91 nmol L-1, respectively. Then, applying this method to the simultaneous determination of these four metals in coastal water samples from the East China Sea revealed that the concentrations of Cu, Zn, Co and V were higher in bottom waters compared to water at other depths, and higher concentrations were generally observed at the Yangtze River estuary. Additionally, example vertical profiles of dissolved trace metal concentrations for the East China Sea in spring and autumn are compared. These findings indicate that Zn had the greatest seasonal variation followed by Cu, V and Co. For Zn and Co, the concentrations were higher during spring than during autumn. For Cu and V, the seasonal variation in the concentrations was opposite.