三角褐指藻(Phaeodactylum tricornutum)形态及其变异现象的研究

分别对青岛、浙江、上海和厦门四地的三角褐指藻藻种及单个细胞克隆后多个藻株的形态及其变异现象进行了比较研究。青岛、上海藻种短期培养后，培养液细胞基本由梭形细胞组成；浙江和厦门藻种则基本由三出放射形细胞组成。正常培养液中卵形细胞比例均在0.1%以下。特定条件下，梭形和三出放射形细胞均能产生卵形细胞，卵形细胞也能发育成梭形或三出放射形细胞；三出放射形细胞可能经“突变”或“定向变异”转变成梭形细胞，而梭形细胞培养液中没有出现三出放射形细胞。培养液比重、温度及光照条件的改变短期内对细胞形态类型的转变没有明显影响；淡水和低温(4℃～8℃)的长期胁迫能使梭形和三出放射形藻株发生高比例的卵形细胞。     

Analysis of atmospheric turbulence in the upper layers of sea fog

Atmospheric turbulence plays a vital role in the formation and dissipation of fog. However,studies of such turbulence are typically limited to observations with ultrasonic anemometers less than 100 m above ground. Thus,the turbulence characteristics of upper fog layers are poorly known. In this paper,we present 4-layers of data,measured by ultrasonic anemometers on a wind tower about 400 m above the sea surface; we use these data to characterize atmospheric turbulence atop a heavy sea fog. Large differences in turbulence during the sea fog episode were recorded. Results showed that the kinetic energy,momentum flux,and sensible heat flux of turbulence increased rapidly during the onset of fog. After onset,high turbulence was observed within the uppermost fog layer. As long as this turbulence did not exceed a critical threshold,it was crucial to enhancing the cooling rate,and maintaining the fog. Vertical momentum flux and sensible heat flux generated by this turbulence weakened wind speed and decreased air temperature during the fog. Towards the end of the fog episode,the vertical distribution of sensible heat flux reversed,contributing to a downward momentum flux in all upper layers. Spatial and temporal scales of the turbulence eddy were greater before and after the fog,than during the fog episode. Turbulence energy was greatest in upper levels,around 430 m and 450 m above mean sea level(AMSL),than in lower levels of the fog(390 m and 410 m AMSL); turbulence energy peaked along the mean wind direction. Our results show that the status of turbulence was complicated within the fog; turbulence caused fluxes of momentum and sensible heat atop the fog layer,affecting the underlying fog by decreasing or increasing average wind speed,as well as promoting or demoting air temperature stratification.     

即墨温泉地热水水质的动态变化特征

即墨温泉是一种含多种化学元素的高矿化度热水资源,在深部地下热水沿断裂带上涌的过程中可能与浅部冷水发生不同程度的混合,使开采获得的地热水水质也发生了相应的变化。对即墨温泉地热资源核心开采区2口开采深度不同的地热井进行了为期1个水文年的水质变化监测,地热水水质参数上半年比下半年高,水质参数发生急剧变化的时间相对于气候的季节性变化有2～3个月的滞后,且氯度、矿化度和电导率的季节性变化幅度在开采深度较浅的水井中较大,表明开采条件和区域性气候条件的变化共同控制了地热水水质变化。     

相似离度在低温阴雨结束期预报中的应用

用南宁地区各站低温阴雨结束期分别与前期５００ｈＰａ月平均高度场进行相关分析,选出一批优势相关区,用历年各优势相关区格点与预报年这些格点作相似离度计算,找出与预报年相似的年份,并根据相似年低温阴雨结束期的情况,作出预报年份低温阴雨结束期的预报。     

中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所遥感科学与技术研究回顾与展望 ——献给东北地理与农业生态研究所成立60周年

通过中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所（简称东北地理所）及其前身（长春地理研究所）自1978 年以来40 a的遥感基础理论与应用研究工作的回顾,以主持的国家与地方重要遥感研究项目为主线,首先展现了研究所在遥感队伍建设、人才培养、平台建设、光学与微波遥感基础理论与遥感应用研究、微波遥感器的设计与研制等方面的大量工作;然后结合东北地理所在东北地区及东北亚周边国家开展的研究工作,回顾了研究所在自然资源、土地利用/覆被变化、生态环境演变、灾害监测、农情遥感监测等领域所取得的成就;最后,根据国内外遥感科学与技术的应用发展态势和东北地区资源环境特征,对东北地理所遥感研究的发展前景和优先发展领域进行了展望。     

基于BP神经网络的空间索杆结构节点损伤识别研究

针对某实际空间索杆结构的节点损伤现象,采用BP神经网络与基于振动的损伤识别两步法对其进行了识别研究,即首先确定可能发生节点损伤的子区域,在此基础上利用对应子区域的子网络识别出具体的损伤位置和程度。识别过程中采用两个杆单元模拟发生节点损伤的杆件,用抗弯刚度降低的端部短杆单元模拟节点损伤。研究表明,虽然空间索杆结构的动力性能较为复杂,但基于结构固有频率和模态位移的组合指标对节点损伤仍较为敏感,利用它们进行节点损伤识别是有效的。     

Evaluating spatial variation of suspended sediment rating curves in the middle Yellow River basin,China

Abstract The suspended sediment load in the middle Yellow River basin (YRB) cannot be well predicted by capacity‐based transport formulas because a large fraction of suspended sediment load is composed of wash load. This study evaluated the spatial variations of sediment rating curves (SRCs) in the middle YRB. Both power and linear SRCs were used to fit daily flow and suspended sediment concentration (SSC) historical data at 49 gauging stations throughout the middle YRB. The spatial variation in regression coefficients was investigated, and the relationship between regression coefficients and the physical characteristics of watersheds was discussed. The results indicate that SRC regression coefficients vary with drainage area and basin slope, but their responses to these parameters are remarkably different in watersheds with different underlying surfaces, which indicates the significance of sediment availability, erodibility, and grain size distribution. For power SRCs representing sediment transport in unsaturated flows, the regression coefficients are more closely correlated with the drainage area in loess regions and with the basin slope in rock mountain regions. For linear SRCs representing sediment transport in saturated flows, saturated SSCs vary with coarse (particle size > 0.05 mm) and fine (particle size < 0.01 mm) fractions in suspended sediment. The maximum saturated SSC among the different gauging stations is associated with the optimal grain size composition of suspended sediment, which has been proposed for loess regions in previous studies. This study provides theoretical support for estimating the regression parameters for sediment transport modelling, especially in ungauged basins.     

邻近性对人口再流动目的地选择的影响

中国人口流动进入总量稳定下的空间调整新阶段,存量流动人口的再流动成为塑造人口和城镇化格局的主体因素。本文从户籍地和前期流入地两个基点出发,综合考虑地理、制度、信息、社会、认知等维度,构建了双重多维邻近性影响人口再流动目的地选择的理论框架,利用全国流动人口动态监测调查数据和嵌套Logit模型开展实证研究。结果表明：双重多维邻近性对人口再流动的空间选择具有显著而稳健的影响。人口再流动时,会选择与自身知识水平更匹配、与户籍地和前期流入地都更近、信息联系都更强的城市,但社会联系仍主要依靠老家。流动人口具有回到户籍所在省（区、市）的主观意愿,但省内城市普遍机会不多、环境欠佳,缺乏吸引力。相对而言,女性对同乡网络的依赖高于男性;新生代流动人口在很多方面继承了老一代的特点,甚至比后者更依赖老家的信息和社会联系;高学历流动人口在流入地的深度社会融入使其能够利用本地化社会资本,再流动的空间选择也与流入地居民更为类似。     

瞬变电磁法在煤层水探测中的应用

通过矿区勘探的三个典型实例,介绍了PROTEM67D瞬变电磁系统在探测煤层底板富水区、导水通道老窑积水等方面的应用及取得的地质效果.说明瞬变电磁法是煤矿水文地质勘探的一种有效手段.     

Immobilization of phosphorus in sewage sludge using inorganic amendments

Sewage sludge contains large amount of water-soluble phosphorus, which is prone to runoff loss when sewage sludge is land applied. Phosphorus export from sewage sludge is an important cause for water eutrophication. Immobilization of phosphorus before sewage sludge land application seems necessary. In this study, three amendments including red mud (RM), lime and mixture of RM and lime were employed to immobilize phosphorus in fresh sewage sludge. It was found that phosphorus was effectively controlled by RM, lime and mixture of RM and lime. Sequential chemical extraction results indicate that the RM amendment transformed H₂O-P in the sewage sludge into the NaOH-P, while the lime amendment transformed H₂O-P in the sewage sludge into the HCl-P. Such transformations in phosphorus fractions would have little influence on phosphorus availability but would retard and reduce potential phosphorus loss following sewage sludge was land applied.