1994～2006年滇西北纳帕海流域及其湿地景观变化研究

利用1994年、2000年、2006年的三期Landsat-TM影像,基于Erdas、ArcGIS、Fragstat等软件平台,系统地剖析了1994～2006年时段的滇西北山地区的纳帕海流域及其湿地景观格局变化过程,及其与流域气候变化、宏观政策实施、人为活动等的关联.结果表明:纳帕海流域以林地、中生草甸、旱地景观为主,湿地类景观仅占流域面积5.5%～6.6%,并集中分布在坝区.两个时段内纳帕海流域总体景观格局未发生显著变化,但流域内不同景观类型间的转换幅度呈增加趋势,近10多年来国家和地方政府相关宏观政策实施,维持了流域生态的总体相对平衡.纳帕海流域坝区湿地景观格局变化显著,湿地类景观破碎化、湿地类景观向非湿地类景观转变幅度大,流域湿地类景观总丧失比例达到16.8%,湿地退化严重.气候变化对流域总体景观格局变化的影响有限,但对坝区湿地景观演替产生明显影响.流域内特定的人为活动扰动对纳帕海坝区湿地生态的影响较为显著.     

三厘米波段太阳射电爆发中的短时标精细结构

在1989年3月至1990年4月间,我们对太阳射电辐射进行快速采样观测.发现三厘米波段射电爆发亦具有快速精细结构,时标尺度在0.1至2秒间。     

沸石深加工制取肥料增效剂

沸石经深加工、处理制取肥料增效剂，对于提高氮肥、尿素利用率有独特功效。经小面积多品种作物农田应用，大面积多品种肥料混施试验，获得成功。具有少投入、多产出、工艺简便的特点。     

马面鲀卵巢在不同贮藏温度下磷脂成分的变化

在 2 0℃、4℃、- 10℃、- 2 0℃四种温度下贮藏马面卵巢 ,对其中磷脂含量的变化进行了测定 ,并利用薄层层析分析测定了不同温度下贮存 3d后马面卵巢中磷脂各组分的相对百分比。结果表明 :马面卵巢中磷脂的损失率随贮藏温度的上升而增加 ;在不同温度下贮藏 3d,磷脂各组分的相对百分比都发生了变化 ;随贮藏温度的升高磷脂酰胆碱的降解速度大大加快 ,所占的百分比快速下降 ,而溶血磷脂酰胆碱的比例有不同程度的增加。相对而言 ,- 2 0℃下贮藏数天 ,磷脂的含量及组分的变化较小     

Effects of dietary levels of carbohydrate,lipid, phosphorus and zinc on the growth,feed conversion and protein efficiency ratio of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

A 54-day feeding experiment was conducted on juvenile Nile tilapia using isonitrogenous, isocaloric semipurified diets. The carbohydrate content in the diet was 9%, 32% and 50%; the corresponding lipid content was 22.2%, 12%, and 4%. The diets were supplemented with 0.85% or 1.5% phosphorus and 40 mg/kg or 100 mg/kg zinc. The experiment was carried out in flow-through aquaria using dechlorinated tap water at 23–26°C. The experiment showed that the increase of the carbohydrate content in the diets resulted in a 43–249% increase in weight gain, a 27–59% decrease in feed conversion ratio, and a 65–121% increase in protein efficiency ratio. In fish fed diets containing 36–50% carbohydrate, an increase in supplemented phosphorus to 1.5% greatly increased the weight gain. On the contrary, a high content of supplemented zinc (100 mg/kg) inhibited growth and increased feed conversion ratio.     

Feasibility of partial replacement of fishmeal with proteins from different sources in diets of Korean rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli)

An 8-week feeding experiment was conducted in an indoor recirculation seawater system to investigate the effects of partial replacement of dietary fishmeal with proteins from five sources on the growth performance and feed utilization of Sebastes schlegeli. Six isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets were formulated using fishmeal (FM, the control) as sole protein source, or proteins from five sources including poultry by-product meal (PBM), meat and bone meal (MBM), soybean meal (SBM), cottonseed meal (CSM) and canola meal (CNM). Fifteen percent of the crude protein provided by fish meal was replaced, respectively. The results showed that the differences in specific growth rate (SGR) and survival rate (SR) among fish fed PBM, MBM, SBM, CSM and whole FM diets were not significant. However, SGR and SR of fish fed CNM diet was significantly lower than that of other treatments. Feeding rate, feed conversion, nutrient retention showed similar patterns to that of growth. Fish fed CSM and CNM showed significantly lower apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC) of dry matter and gross energy than those fed others while fish fed CNM showed lower ADC of crude protein than those fed others (P<0.05). These results suggested that it was feasible to substitute 15% dietary protein provided by fishmeal with PBM, MBM, SBM and CSM, respectively, but not with CNM as the replacement with CNM reduced fish growth and feed utilization.     

影响广东省中部沿海热带气旋大风气候特征和重现期分析

利用广东省中部沿海台站气象资料,统计分析了影响该地区的热带气旋频数、强度、发生源地、大风风速等气候特征及变化趋势,并进行了台站资料的重现期风速计算。结果表明,热带气旋影响广东省中部沿海多出现于6—9月,其中尤以8月最多;影响热带气旋以强热带风暴和台风最多,它们多生成于南海北部和菲律宾群岛以东洋面;在过去50年间影响热带气旋频数总体上略有下降,在1970和1980年代较多,1960年代和1995—2010年期间较少,影响热带气旋的强度有减弱的趋势。重现期风速极值分布总体上呈从沿岸向内陆迅速减小,以及西部略大、东部略小的特点。     

Effect of dietary cottonseed meal on growth performance,physiological response,and gossypol accumulation in pre-adult grass carp, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Ctenopharyngodon idellus</Emphasis>

Cottonseed meal (CM) was used at up to 36.95% content in the diet (replacing 60% of dietary fish meal protein) without any negative eff ects on growth performance of pre-adult grass carp (initial body weight, 761 g) under outdoor conditions. A culture trial was conducted in net cages installed in a large concrete pond. Seven isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets containing a gradient of CM concentrations (0, 12.2%, 24.4%, 36.6%, 48.8%, 54.8%, and 61.0%) as replacement for dietary fish meal protein (0, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, 90%, and 100%) were formulated. Dietary non-resistant starch (from maize) was inverse to dietary CM. Growth performance and feed utilization of fish fed the diets containing CM replacing 0–40% fishmeal protein were not aff ected after the 6-week feeding trial. Accumulation of hepatopancreatic total gossypol in the hepatopancreas was significantly correlated with free gossypol content in the diets (HTG=88.6+1.5×DFG, R ²=0.89, P<0.05). Intestinal α-amylase and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase activities rose along with increasing dietary CM level. The structure of the mid-intestinal tissues and the ultrastructure of the enterocyte microvilli were normal when dietary CM was <36.6% (60% protein replacement). Increasing dietary CM content increased serum alanine aminotransferase levels but decreased serum alkaline phosphatase, cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, and albumin (P<0.05).     

平均海平面上升对东中国海台风风暴潮影响的数值模拟

本文采用ECOMSED模式模拟了影响东中国海的3次台风过程,经与实测资料对比验证了模型的可靠性。在此基础上设计了敏感性试验以考察海平面上升对风暴潮造成的影响。结果表明,海平面上升对风暴潮的影响在空间分布上不是一致的,且因具体台风过程而异。整体而言,海平面上升对风暴潮造成的影响有限。海平面上升0．5m,大部分站位风暴增水极值基本不变,即使海平面上升5m大部分站位的风暴增水极值相对改变量都小于10％。     

南海神狐海域试采区天然气水合物精细速度建模方法

底辟、高角度的断裂、滑塌等构造在南海神狐海域广泛发育,它们为天然气水合物的形成提供了良好的流体运移通道。为了提高试采区内天然气水合物地震数据的成像精度,尤其是断层及断裂结构的成像精度,开展了一套专门针对天然气水合物的精细速度模型构建方法,初始速度模型建立以CVI约束速度反演为基础,通过时间偏移域内剩余速度分析与拾取方法进行初始速度模型优化,采用基于层速度的弯曲射线叠前时间偏移来提高信噪比,在初始速度模型优化的基础之上,以剩余曲率法为基础的层析速度反演来完成深度域层速度的迭代与更新,最后通过叠前深度偏移实现试采区天然气水合物精细地震成像。通过对南海神狐海域试采区的实际应用结果表明：BSR的连续性更好;波组特征更加明显,同相轴连续性增强,利于解释人员进行层序划分;复杂构造成像清晰,有明显的强反射特征,底辟构造成像清晰;浅层小断层更加清楚,层间反射清晰,大断面归位合理,细节更清楚;能为新的成藏模式及现场钻井风险提示提供必要的数据依据。