基于生态经济理论的生态需水计算方法研究

在简述生态需水研究现状的基础上,结合以可持续发展为基础的生态经济理论,提出了基于生态经济思想的生态需水概念,并进行了理论分析.根据生态经济领域中的生态价值理论,确定不同生态需水量条件下的生态价值,进而通过水资源的生态价值与经济价值之间的相互关系确定合适的生态需水量,并通过实例对该方法的具体步骤进行了说明,认为由该法所确定的生态需水量符合客观实际,可以作为生态建设过程中生态需水研究的方法之一.该法通过水资源将生态系统和经济系统联系在一起,对于研究可持续发展条件下的水资源利用有一定的现实意义.     

基于DOM的宁波市城市用地调查

介绍以DOM，进行城市用地调查方式，极大的提高了调查的效率。     

Classifying Human Activity Patterns from Smartphone Collected GPS data: A Fuzzy Classification and Aggregation Approach

Smartphones have emerged as a promising type of equipment for monitoring human activities in environmental health studies. However, degraded location accuracy and inconsistency of smartphone‐measured GPS data have limited its effectiveness for classifying human activity patterns. This study proposes a fuzzy classification scheme for differentiating human activity patterns from smartphone‐collected GPS data. Specifically, a fuzzy logic reasoning was adopted to overcome the influence of location uncertainty by estimating the probability of different activity types for single GPS points. Based on that approach, a segment aggregation method was developed to infer activity patterns, while adjusting for uncertainties of point attributes. Validations of the proposed methods were carried out based on a convenient sample of three subjects with different types of smartphones. The results indicate desirable accuracy (e.g. up to 96% in activity identification) using of this method. Two examples are provided in the Appendix to illustrate how the proposed methods could be applied in environmental health studies. Researchers could tailor this scheme to fit a variety of research topics.     

五硼酸铷溶液的物化性质及物种分布

碳酸铷、硼酸化学计量比混合,蒸发溶液,直至五硼酸铷RbB5O8·4H2O晶体析出。经粉末X射线衍射（XRD）、拉曼光谱（Raman spectroscopy）、热重/微商热重/差示扫描量热（TG/DTG/DSC）、原子吸收光谱等实验方法,确定其化学组成及结构。298.15、333.15K时测量溶液的物理化学性质（密度、电导、pH）,并与经验方程进行拟合,研究五硼酸铷溶液的物化性质随浓度、温度的变化规律。根据文献报道的平衡常数,实验测量的pH数据,采用牛顿迭代法进一步研究五硼酸铷溶液中主要存在的硼酸根离子对类型、含量以及物种的形成。     

榆树林油田扶杨油层沉积岩地球化学特征及地质意义

三肇凹陷榆树林油田扶杨油层中泥岩、粉砂岩和砂岩样品主量元素和微量元素地球化学分析表明,多数主量元素含量中等,与全球平均大陆上地壳(UCC)相比,Fe_2O_3、MgO、CaO、Na_2O含量较低,而TiO_2、Al_2O_3、K_2O、MnO含量均略高;样品中的相容元素(V、Cr、Co、Ni等)含量均低于澳大利亚后太古宙页岩(PAAS)和UCC;稀土元素总量为102×10~(-6)~276×10~(-6),平均为188×10~(-6),与PAAS表现出相似的球粒陨石标准化曲线,显示了相似的物源和构造背景。元素间的相关性分析显示大部分元素与SiO_2负相关而与Al_2O_3正相关,说明大部分元素受到黏土矿物吸附作用的影响,石英与长石矿物对这些元素表现出一定的稀释效应。根据主元素物源判别方程图和Th-Hf-Co图投影及La/Hf、(Gd/Yb)N值,扶杨油层物源主要来自后太古宙长英质火山岩,可能卷入了部分再循环沉积岩。通过一系列的构造背景判别图解分析,表明扶杨油层沉积时以大陆岛弧环境为主。在对油层组进行了纵向古气候分析后,认为FI油层组沉积时处于一个构造活动强、干旱的环境中,所形成的沉积岩储层物性更好,是油气勘探开发的重点层位。     

Correlation analysis between drought indices and terrestrial water storage from 2002 to 2015 in China

Drought monitoring is a key topic in environmental monitoring and assessment although there is still a need to determine the correlation between drought monitoring indices and remote sensing products. We analyzed the correlation between the self-calibrating Palmer Drought Severity Index (sc_PDSI), the Standardized Precipitation Index and the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) and terrestrial water storage monitored through the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) on a monthly timescale from 2002 to 2015 in China. As a consequence of anomalies in the soil water budget, the highly significant correlation between the sc_PDSI and the GRACE satellite-observed terrestrial water storage suggested that these two datasets are the most suitable for use in monitoring droughts. In comparing the three drought indices, the sc_PDSI was introduced as a means of drought monitoring in the Yangtze, Pearl, Huaihe, Southeast and Songhua River Basins, whereas the SPEI was found to be more applicable to other major river basins, such as the Inland River Basin. These diverse spatial behaviors are caused by the differences between the hydrological droughts characterized by these three drought indices.     

Spatial and temporal variations of suspended solid concentrations from 2000 to 2013 in Poyang Lake,China

Concentrations of suspended solids in lakes can affect the latter’s primary productivity and reflect changes in sediment deposition. Determining the temporal and spatial distribution of suspended solid concentrations has important significance in lake water environmental management; this is particularly urgent for Poyang Lake, the largest freshwater lake in China. In this study, suspended solid concentration inversion models for Poyang Lake were created using a semi-empirical method with regression analysis between continuously measured suspended solid concentration data and multi-band moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer images for spring, summer, autumn, and winter from 2009 to 2012. The coefficient of determination (R²) is from 0.6 to 0.9 and the average relative error for the accuracy verification was between 10 and 30%. The seasonal distributions of suspended solid concentrations in Poyang Lake from 2000 to 2013 were then obtained using optimal reversal models. The results showed that the seasonal variation in suspended solid concentrations had a “W” shape in which high spring and autumn and low summer and winter values. The suspended solid concentrations increased annually from 2000 to 2013 and were mainly distributed in the northern and central portions of the lake, with lower values along the shorelines. Further analysis indicated that the large difference in water level between the wet and dry seasons is an important factor in explaining these seasonal variations. Moreover, the suspended solid concentrations were poorly correlated with water temperature and chlorophyll-a concentration but more highly correlated with the deferred chlorophyll-a concentration.