全文获取类型
收费全文 | 4852篇 |
免费 | 1043篇 |
国内免费 | 1259篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 558篇 |
大气科学 | 887篇 |
地球物理 | 980篇 |
地质学 | 2731篇 |
海洋学 | 728篇 |
天文学 | 197篇 |
综合类 | 457篇 |
自然地理 | 616篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 20篇 |
2023年 | 78篇 |
2022年 | 201篇 |
2021年 | 238篇 |
2020年 | 192篇 |
2019年 | 213篇 |
2018年 | 269篇 |
2017年 | 241篇 |
2016年 | 198篇 |
2015年 | 282篇 |
2014年 | 258篇 |
2013年 | 300篇 |
2012年 | 323篇 |
2011年 | 350篇 |
2010年 | 369篇 |
2009年 | 335篇 |
2008年 | 302篇 |
2007年 | 307篇 |
2006年 | 260篇 |
2005年 | 201篇 |
2004年 | 217篇 |
2003年 | 205篇 |
2002年 | 288篇 |
2001年 | 250篇 |
2000年 | 201篇 |
1999年 | 196篇 |
1998年 | 146篇 |
1997年 | 104篇 |
1996年 | 122篇 |
1995年 | 105篇 |
1994年 | 83篇 |
1993年 | 63篇 |
1992年 | 53篇 |
1991年 | 34篇 |
1990年 | 36篇 |
1989年 | 24篇 |
1988年 | 14篇 |
1987年 | 9篇 |
1986年 | 10篇 |
1985年 | 12篇 |
1984年 | 9篇 |
1983年 | 8篇 |
1982年 | 9篇 |
1981年 | 2篇 |
1980年 | 2篇 |
1979年 | 4篇 |
1977年 | 2篇 |
1972年 | 3篇 |
1971年 | 3篇 |
1954年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有7154条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
981.
Abstract: Well-preserved specimens of Hamatophyton verticillatum collected from the Upper Devonian (Famennian) Wutong Formation of Chaohu district, Anhui Province, South China, display more complete fertile axes in three orders and multiple divisions. Comparisons indicate that Hamatophyton possibly does not have palmate planate sterile leaves but hook-like linear ones with rare divisions. We propose seven definitive characters of Sphenophyllales: (1) completely whorled lateral organs; (2) sterile leaves; (3) strobili; (4) “sporangiophores” or stalks with reflexed tips bearing sporangia; (5) three- or four-ribbed primary xylem; (6) exarch maturation of primary xylem; and (7) secondary xylem. The Sphenophyllales probably originated from the Iridopteridales based on similarities in whorled lateral organs, ribbed primary xylem and peripheral protoxylem strands. In transition from Iridopteridales to Sphenophyllales, morphological changes involve partially whorled to completely whorled lateral organs, sterile ultimate appendages to leaves, and fertile ultimate appendages to “sporangiophores”/stalks with bracts; anatomical modifications include configuration and maturation of primary xylem, and presence of secondary xylem. 相似文献
982.
Wei Lin Michel Faure Yonghong Shi Qingchen Wang Zhong Li 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2009,98(6):1259-1274
The south-western Chinese Tianshan orogenic belt is famous for its omphacite-bearing blueschists and associated eclogite-facies
metavolcanic rocks. Although numerous petrologic, geochemical and geochronological studies are available, structural data
and interpretations are still rare. This paper provides new structural data, including bulk geometry of structures and kinematic
analyses, based on field and laboratory studies along the Akyazhi, Keburt and Muzaert Rivers. The study area is divided into
three tectonic units, namely (1) a Southern Unit composed of weakly metamorphosed sedimentary rocks of Silurian age; (2) a
Central HP/LT Unit composed of blueschist-eclogite-facies metamorphic rocks derived from basalts, pelites and volcaniclastic
rocks; (3) a Northern Unit, which consists of a Carboniferous magmatic arc developed upon an amphibolite-facies metamorphic
continental basement. Our structural analysis documents a polyphase deformation. The main event (D1) is reflected by Devonian to Carboniferous top-to-the northwest ductile shearing, coeval with HP/LT metamorphism. This is
followed by north-directed thrusting (D2) of the Southern Unit over the Central HP/LT Unit, coeval with retrogression of the high-pressure rocks. A top-to-the-S (SE)
deformation (D3) overprints the earliest events and is observed in the Northern and Central Units. Lastly, Permian dextral ductile-brittle
wrenching (D4) overprints the older flat-lying fabrics. D4 is conspicuous along the Nalati Fault that separates the Northern Unit from the Central HP/LT Unit. The absolute timing of
these deformation events is discussed in the light of available radiometric dating. The structural, metamorphic and geochronological
data are integrated into a geodynamic model of the south-western Chinese Tianshan that emphasizes south-directed subduction
of microcontinents located between Tarim and Junggar. 相似文献
983.
984.
从欠发达地区区域低碳创新能力的内涵界定出发,将其评价对象分解为5类认同度较高的一级指标,并确立29个二级指标.选择国内部分欠发达省份作为实证分析对象,利用因子分析法建立评价模型,对其区域低碳创新能力进行定量评价和比较.在此基础上,就如何提升欠发达地区的区域低碳创新能力,从构建低碳产业和能源体系、建立“碳交易”市场机制、完善区域创新服务平台、多元化投融资体系4个方面提出对策建议. 相似文献
985.
986.
介绍地磁台建设中场地勘选、建设方案以及材料的选择与检测、磁场梯度监控的一些方法.实践证明,永安地磁台的台址堪选与建设满足地磁台站建设规范的技术要求,说明方法切实有效,可以为其他地磁台站的新建、改造提供参考. 相似文献
987.
A total of 144 free-field ground motions with closest site-to-rupture distances (Rrup) less than 200 km recorded during the 2010 Mw 7.2 El Mayor–Cucapah earthquake are used to investigate predictive capabilities of the next generation attenuation (NGA) ground-motion prediction equations (GMPE). The NGA GMPEs underpredict observed spectral accelerations at sites with shear wave velocity in the upper 30 m of the site (Vs30) between 180 and 366 m/s with Rrup from about 10 to 50 km and overpredict at sites with Rrup from about 50 to 200 km. Intra-event residuals of the NGA GMPEs exhibit a noticeable negative trend for peak ground acceleration and 0.3, 1.0, and 2.0 s periods. Comparison of the inter-event residual between the 2010 Mw 7.2 El Mayor–Cucapah earthquake and the NGA dataset reveals that short-period inter-event residuals from the 2010 Mw 7.2 El Mayor–Cucapah earthquake is within the scatter of inter-event residuals from the NGA dataset but long-period inter-event residuals do not appear within of the scatter of inter-event residuals from the NGA dataset. Spectral accelerations predicted by the NGA GMPEs are generally unbiased against Vs30 and periods of less than 4.0 s. Observed spectral accelerations show a stronger Vs30 dependence for both short and long periods compared with the NGA GMPEs. The Boore and Atkinson (Earthq Spectra 24(1):99–138, 2008) and Chiou and Youngs (Earthq Spectra 24(1):173–215, 2008) GMPEs perform better in predicting observed short-period spectral accelerations at the sites with Vs30 between 180 and 250 m/s than the Abrahamson and Silva (Earthq Spectra 24(1):67–97, 2008) and Campbell and Bozorgnia (Earthq Spectra 24(1):139–171, 2008) GMPEs. 相似文献
988.
本文在Oristaglio等(1984)和Adhidjaja等(1985)工作基础上,给出线源二维时间域瞬变电磁二次场的DuFort-Frankel有限差分数值解,有效避免了在总场求解法中场源附近的奇异问题,并对地-空边界电导率的处理、归一化感应电动势偏导数的计算、推进时间步的确定,提出了改进方法;吸取前人成就中二次场地-空边界向上延拓和零值边界处理技术,从而简化了计算方法;通过对均匀大地、水平层状大地模型的计算,二次场求解法与解析法的最大相对误差小于0.01%,计算速度比总场求解法提高了约3倍;模拟计算不同时刻瞬变电磁场在地下的分布形态,描绘出感应涡流向下向外的传播特征,以及与地下异常体相互作用的物理过程。 相似文献
989.
Carmine Galasso Peng Zhong Farzin Zareian Iunio Iervolino Robert W. Graves 《地震工程与结构动力学》2013,42(9):1395-1412
The study presented in this paper addresses the issue of engineering validation of Graves and Pitarka's (2010) hybrid broadband ground motion simulation methodology with respect to some well‐recorded historical events and considering the response of multiple degrees of freedom (MDoF) systems. Herein, validation encompasses detailed assessment of how similar is, for a given event, the seismic response due to comparable hybrid broadband simulated records and real records. In the first part of this study, in order to investigate the dynamic response of a wide range of buildings, MDoF structures are modeled as elastic continuum systems consisting of a combination of a flexural cantilever beam coupled with a shear cantilever beam. A number of such continuum systems are selected including the following: (1) 16 oscillation periods between 0.1 and 6 s; (2) three shear to flexural deformation ratios to represent respectively shear‐wall structures, dual systems, and moment‐resisting frames; and (3) two stiffness distributions along the height of the systems, that is, uniform and linear. Demand spectra in terms of generalized maximum interstory drift ratio (IDR) and peak floor acceleration (PFA) are derived using simulations and actual recordings for four historical earthquakes, namely, the 1979 Mw 6.5 Imperial Valley earthquake, 1989 Mw 6.8 Loma Prieta earthquake, 1992 Mw 7.2 Landers earthquake, and 1994 Mw 6.7 Northridge earthquake. In the second part, for two nonlinear case study structures, the IDR and PFA distributions over the height and their statistics, are obtained and compared for both recorded and simulated time histories. These structures are steel moment frames designed for high seismic hazard, 20‐story high‐rise and 6‐story low‐rise buildings. The results from this study highlight the similarities and differences between simulated and real records in terms of median and intra‐event standard deviation of logs of seismic demands for MDoF building systems. This general agreement, in a broad range of moderate and long periods, may provide confidence in the use of the simulation methodology for engineering applications, whereas the discrepancies, statistically significant only at short periods, may help in addressing improvements in generation of synthetic records. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
990.
应用井孔-裂隙、微裂隙(孔隙)水流交换产生的潮汐水位-固体潮的位相差和振幅变化理论,结合井水位变化,分析小江断裂带中段和南段的形变特征.裂隙承压含水层条件下,地震波和构造应力引起的形变能够引起潮汐水位分波位相差和振幅的变化.地震波引起含水层与井孔之间水流交换增大,疏通裂隙而使渗透率增大,震后井水位潮汐分波相位差提前,其后裂隙内沉积物重新堵塞裂隙,渗透率降低,位相差逐渐下降.位相差的长期趋势性变化反映出含水层在构造应力作用下的应变信息.小江断裂带中段和南段形变变化不同.断裂带中段地区,观测井位相差和振幅趋势性下降,表明该区段不仅有走滑特性,并且具有挤压特征.小江断裂带与红河断裂带交会地区观测井振幅和位相差稳定,表明该区域没有受到明显的挤压,形变不明显. 相似文献