Combined adaptive multiple subtraction based on optimized event tracing and extended wiener filtering

The surface-related multiple elimination (SRME) method is based on feedback formulation and has become one of the most preferred multiple suppression methods used. However, some differences are apparent between the predicted multiples and those in the source seismic records, which may result in conventional adaptive multiple subtraction methods being barely able to effectively suppress multiples in actual production. This paper introduces a combined adaptive multiple attenuation method based on the optimized event tracing technique and extended Wiener filtering. The method firstly uses multiple records predicted by SRME to generate a multiple velocity spectrum, then separates the original record to an approximate primary record and an approximate multiple record by applying the optimized event tracing method and short-time window FK filtering method. After applying the extended Wiener filtering method, residual multiples in the approximate primary record can then be eliminated and the damaged primary can be restored from the approximate multiple record. This method combines the advantages of multiple elimination based on the optimized event tracing method and the extended Wiener filtering technique. It is an ideal method for suppressing typical hyperbolic and other types of multiples, with the advantage of minimizing damage of the primary. Synthetic and field data tests show that this method produces better multiple elimination results than the traditional multi-channel Wiener filter method and is more suitable for multiple elimination in complicated geological areas.     

汶川M_s8.0地震前电离层VTEC的异常变化

利用地基GPS观测资料反演的垂直电子总含量(VTEC),本文考察了2008年5月12日汶川M_s8.0地震期间的电离层变化.在考察过程中,以前10天的VTEC均值和伴随的2倍标准偏差作为参考来识别电离层异常.最终的考察分析结果表明:(1)VTEC的异常增加出现在5月3日和5月9日,而VTEC的异常减小出现在4月29日和5月6日;(2)所有这4天的电离层VTEC异常持续时间均超过了4 h,且异常自东向西漂移;(3)相对于电离层的非扰动状态,在5次电离层异常的峰值时刻,震中附近VTEC增加或减小超过30%的空间区域沿经、纬向分别超过了4000 km和1500 km.鉴于地震期间的日-地空间环境和电离层VTEC异常特征,我们认为,5月3日下午和5月9日的VTEC正异常可能是本次汶川地震的电离层前兆.     

Core–mantle boundary topography as a possible constraint on lower mantle chemistry and dynamics

The origin of large low shear-wave velocity provinces (LLSVPs) in the lowermost mantle beneath the central Pacific and Africa is not well constrained. We explore numerical convection calculations for two proposed hypotheses for these anomalies, namely, thermal upwellings (e.g., plume clusters) and large intrinsically dense piles of mantle material (e.g., thermochemical piles), each of which uniquely affects the topography on Earth's core–mantle boundary (CMB). The thermochemical pile models predict a relatively flat but elevated CMB beneath piles (presumed LLSVPs), with strong upwarping along LLSVP margins. The plume cluster models predict CMB upwarping beneath upwellings that are less geographically organized. Both models display CMB depressions beneath subduction related downwelling. While each of the two models produces a unique, characteristic style of CMB topography, we find that seismic models will require shorter length scales than are currently being employed in order to distinguish between the end-member dynamic models presented here.     

基于OpenGL的GNSS仿真软件中的飞行模拟可视化研究

探讨利用OpenGL实现GNSS仿真软件中的飞行模拟可视化方法,给出根据仿真输出的俯仰角、偏航角和速度信息实现的三维可视化结果。     

中国大陆现时地壳水平运动特征及其驱动机制

利用1999—2007年中国大陆及邻区在ITRF2007参考框架下的1 068个GPS观测成果,以地统计分析为基础,应用运动学研究方法,分析了中国大陆及邻区地壳表层速度场的分布特征,以及印度、欧亚、菲律宾、太平洋4大板块在相互作用过程中,对中国大陆及其邻区地壳表层运动与变形分布的影响范围和程度以及驱动机制进行了分析。     

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???????????????????ü????????????????GPS????????λ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????Improved??GRACE?????????????????????????????????????????????1????300?????????350 km???????????????????????3.993??10 ^-1 m??????300 km??250 km???????????????????8.770????77.145????????400 km??450 km??????????????????8.718????75.307????2??????50 km???????????????????????3.993??10^-1 m??????110 km??220 km??????????????????1.259????1.395????3????????????Improved??GRACE????????????????????????????????350 km??50 km?????     

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?????й???????????????GNSS???????????????????2010??4??14??????Ms7.1????????и???4??GNSS??????LHAS??LUZH??DLHA??WUSH??????TEC?????????????й???TEC??????????????????????TEC??????????????????LHAS??LUZH??WUSH???4??1????????????TEC?????????????LHAS??LUZH??DLHA???4??5???????????TEC?????????????TEC????????????????????5???????????????????????????й?????????     

用边界元法研究川西地区的形变场与应变场

将巴颜喀拉地块和四川地块作为研究对象,用块体边界上的GPS位移作为输入数据,应用边界元法计算得到块体边界上的应力,再用求解出的边界应力计算块体内部的位移与应变.结果发现巴颜喀拉块体南北向为张应变作用;块体西侧张应变量较大,向东逐渐减小,到龙门山东侧应变几乎减弱为零.南北向张应变向东的迅速减弱,使得龙门山断层产生闭锁,闭锁使龙门山断裂聚集起巨大的应变能,应变能的大量积累可能是导致汶川地震发生的根本原因.     

棉花滴灌专用肥氮磷钾元素在土壤中的运移及其利用率

棉花滴灌专用肥是基于绿洲干旱区域滴灌施肥和棉花需肥特点研发的新型复合肥。通过田间试验,对比研究了滴灌专用肥与常规肥的不同养分在土壤中的运移特点及滴灌棉花的养分利用率。结果表明:在膜下滴施条件下,滴灌专用肥的氮、磷、钾养分在土壤中的移动性强于常规肥,养分在土层中的分布与棉花根系分布特点吻合度好,促进了棉花根系养分吸收,提高了养分利用率;棉花滴灌专用肥氮、磷、钾的生理利用效率较常规肥分别提高了3.62%、4.18%和1.45%,农学利用率较常规肥分别提高了29.37%、29.2%和29.38%;在等养分条件下,滴施专用肥增产籽棉6.9%。     

塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地冬季大气边界层O3廓线分析

为了揭示塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地冬季大气边界层O3的浓度变化特征,利用系留气艇于2008年1月18—25日在塔中地区进行了大气边界层O3观测试验,结合相关资料,初步分析了塔中地区冬季边界层O3浓度垂直分布特征及其与温度、湿度的关系。其结果是:①塔中地区臭氧浓度集中分布在10~50 ppb之间,其中试验期间观测到O3最大浓度值56.1 ppb,最小浓度为2.6 ppb,臭氧的最大浓度基本都在40 ppb左右,日平均浓度为34.4 ppb。②大气边界层O3的浓度廓线可分为峰值型、均匀型、增长型3种,其中均匀型所占比重最大。③大气边界层O3浓度与温度、湿度密切相关,逆温及空气中水汽的增加会导致臭氧浓度降低。④大气边界层O3有明显的日变化,越贴近地面日变化越明显,其变化特征与太阳辐射有着密切关系。臭氧浓度夜晚较低,日出后开始增加,午后达到一天中的最大值;随着日落,臭氧浓度开始减小,在清晨达到最小值;臭氧浓度日最大值出现在17:00,最小值出现在08:00。