中印度洋脊Edmond区热液硫化物的形成——来自铅和硫同位素的约束

位于中印度洋脊23°52’S的Edmond热液区发现于2000年,属于典型的以玄武岩为宿主的活动热液区。首次测得了Edmond热液区9件硫化物的铅同位素和6件样品的硫同位素组成,结果表明:硫化物矿石的206Pb/204Pb为17.879～17.970,207Pb/204Pb为15.433～15.550,208Pb/204Pb为37.743～38.130。Pb-Pb图解表明,Edmond热液区硫化物的铅同位素数据与中印度洋脊玄武岩的铅同位素组成较一致,与印度洋沉积物和锰结壳相比具较低放射性成因铅的特征,说明硫化物中的铅主要来源于地幔(玄武岩),海水的贡献微弱。硫化物的δ34S为5.7‰～7.2‰,明显高于玄武岩的硫同位素组成(δ34S≈0‰),认为Edmond热液区硫化物中的硫除地幔的贡献外,海水中硫酸盐还原作用产生的硫的贡献可能超过30%。中印度洋脊Edmond热液区存在非常活跃的浅循环系统,可能是造成硫化物中硫同位素组成偏重的主要原因。     

煤层气勘探开发从“以工程为主导”到“预测指导下的工程”之转变

通过多年的实践,从煤层气赋存特征、煤层气地质学理论出发,分析煤层气与天然气的根本区别。通过对天然气AVO理论的取舍,重建了煤层气AVO技术的岩石物理理论,保留了天然气AVO技术的地震波理论外壳,建立了煤层气AVO技术的地震波理论基础。将煤层气AVO技术的岩石物理基础和地震波理论基础应用于煤层气勘探开发实践中,在煤层气局部富集区预测实践中取得了较好的应用效果,实现煤层气勘探开发从“以工程为主导”到“预测指导下的工程”之转变。     

辽宁盘锦新近系馆陶组地下热水分布特征及成因分析

辽宁盘锦新近系馆陶组地下热水埋藏较深,开发历史较早,但利用率较低。研究认为,该区地温场变化主要受地幔隆起相对程度控制;东西两侧幔隆带部位,地壳的厚度相对较薄,结晶岩基底埋藏浅,深部热能传导到储热层消耗能量少,地温及地温梯度值相对较高;中部幔凹带地温以中凸起最高,凹陷区相对较低。在地幔隆起的控制下,区内馆陶组地下水水温受储热层埋藏深度的影响,储热层的埋藏深度大,降低了热能向地表的散失速度,所以水温相对较高;反之,水温相对较低。地下水水温变化规律为：西部的谷坡区,受地下水径流影响,水温一般25℃～28℃,而凹陷区则为30℃～35℃;到中部隆起区水温升高到35℃～50℃;东部凹陷区为31℃～38℃,谷坡为29℃。深部上地幔幔源热源（岩浆热）构成本区生热层,经构造导热作用传输到储热层。最后指出,中央凸起区是该区馆陶组地下热水勘查开发的有利地区,重点开发应在温热水（I区）。     

松辽平原古大湖演变及其平原的形成

北东向延伸的松辽平原位于中国东北地区中部,其西部与大兴安岭接壤,东部与长白山脉邻接.松辽平原主要是一个中新生代沉积盆地,其内沉积了巨厚的侏罗纪-白垩纪地层和420～ 530m厚的古近纪-新近纪地层,以及75～ 200m厚的第四纪地层.本文根据松辽平原北部500多个钻孔揭示的第四纪地层沉积序列和岩性,确定松辽平原第四纪早...     

来宾地区中晚二叠世之交烃源岩沉积的主控因素及大地构造背景

通过对来宾地区蓬莱滩剖面和铁桥剖面中二叠统(茅口组)与上二叠统(合山组)TOC、古生产力(Ba/Al)以及保存条件(V/Cr、V/(V+Ni)等)等指标的研究,认为本区仅蓬莱滩剖面局部发育优质烃源岩(TOC平均可达3％),缺氧的盆地环境是本区烃源岩发育的主控因素。结合区域研究资料,认为黔桂盆地整体上不发育上二叠统烃源岩,可能与这一时期以峨眉山地幔柱为代表的区域性地壳隆升作用有关。     

Case Histories of Four Extremely Intense Rockbursts in Deep Tunnels

In the process of excavating seven parallel tunnels at the Jinping II Hydropower Station, several extremely intense rockbursts occurred, killing and injuring construction workers and damaging several sets of equipment. Based on the characteristics and mechanisms of these rockbursts, four typical events were selected and their temporal and spatial characteristics were here described in detail. The geological conditions revealed after the rockbursts were surveyed carefully. The responses of support elements were also analyzed. The details documented in each case provide not only an important reference for understanding the development mechanisms of rockbursts but also a basis for the selection and development of rockburst prevention measures in deep hard rock tunnels.     

Environmental geochemistry of an active Hg mine in Xunyang,Shaanxi Province,China

The Xunyang Hg mine (XMM) situated in Shaanxi Province is an active Hg mine in China. Gaseous elemental Hg (GEM) concentrations in ambient air were determined to evaluate its distribution pattern as a consequence of the active mining and retorting in the region. Total Hg (HgT) and methylmercury (MeHg) concentrations in riparian soil, sediment and rice grain samples (polished) as well as Hg speciation in surface water samples were measured to show local dispersion of Hg contamination. As expected, elevated concentrations of GEM were found, ranging from 7.4 to 410 ng m⁻³. High concentrations of HgT and MeHg were also obtained in riparian soils, ranged from 5.4 to 120 mg kg⁻¹ and 1.2 to 11 μg kg⁻¹, respectively. Concentrations of HgT and MeHg in sediment samples varied widely from 0.048 to 1600 mg kg⁻¹ and 1.0 to 39 μg kg⁻¹, respectively. Surface water samples showed elevated HgT concentrations, ranging from 6.2 to 23,500 ng L⁻¹, but low MeHg concentrations, ranging from 0.022 to 3.7 ng L⁻¹. Rice samples exhibited high concentrations of 50–200 μg kg⁻¹ in HgT and of 8.2–80 μg kg⁻¹ in MeHg. The spatial distribution patterns of Hg speciation in the local environmental compartments suggest that the XMM is the source of Hg contaminations in the study area.     

安徽庐枞盆地南部花岗岩的成岩时代及其意义

庐枞中生代火山盆地位于长江中下游断陷带,地处扬子板块的北缘。庐枞盆地内火山岩和侵入岩分布广泛,包括龙门院、砖桥、双庙和浮山4组火山岩以及34个出露地表的侵入岩体。庐枞盆地内与成矿关系密切的侵入岩体的时空格架和岩浆演化等相关研究工作已经广泛开展,但对于盆地南部的花岗岩类侵入岩研究工作则相对薄弱,制约了对庐枞盆地岩浆作用及深部成矿预测的深入研究。本次工作在详细野外地质工作的基础上,系统对盆地南部的沙墩岩体、船艄石岩体、青山岩体、何家凹岩体、梅林岩体、古塘冲岩体和周家山岩体开展了岩石学、地球化学和年代学研究,确定其主要岩性为石英正长岩和钾长花岗岩,岩石全碱含量均较高,准铝质或过铝质,稀土含量中等,较强Eu亏损,呈略右倾的海鸥型稀土配分模式,成岩时代分别为：126.5±1.1 Ma、126.2±1.2 Ma、126.7±1.3 Ma、126.9±1.4 Ma、125.9±1.3 Ma、126.7±1.4 Ma和124.9±1.3 Ma,均形成于早白垩世。通过与庐枞盆地不同侵入岩的系统对比,提出这些岩体与庐枞盆地晚期侵入岩时代接近,岩石学特征类似,应为同一岩浆作用的产物,形成于区域岩石圈伸展的构造环境。     

相对弱势群体的城市包容性感知与影响因素分析

城市化过程中包容性价值观的缺失导致城市社会走向分化,高质量的城市化是要建设人人共享的包容城市。通过明确城市包容性感知内涵的7个维度及26个评价要素,使用2020年城市体检问卷调查数据,评价老年群体、低收入群体、低学历群体和外地人4类相对弱势群体的城市包容性感知,并检验个体属性、客观城市特征以及主观感知等因素对居民包容性感知的影响。结果发现：年龄、收入、户籍差别导致的居民包容性感知差距较大,不同学历群体的包容性感知差距较小。4类相对弱势群体的包容性感知在城市之间均存在明显差别。包容性感知因个体属性特征和城市客观特征而异,中小城市居民包容性感知显著更低,常住人口占比、住房可支付能力、人均住房面积、人口密度对于包容性感知有正向促进作用。多项要素的主观感知与包容性感知显著相关,社会治安、对弱势群体友好性、邻里关系以及综合医院的满意度是影响4类相对弱势群体包容性感知的共性因素。     

Geochronology and geochemistry of the Late Triassic Longtan pluton in South China: termination of the crustal melting and Indosinian orogenesis

The Indosinian orogeny is recorded by Triassic angular unconformities in Vietnam and South China and by widely occurring granitoids in the Yunkai-Nanling and the Xuefengshan belts of South China. The Longtan pluton in the northwestern part of the Xuefengshan belt is a typical high-K, calc-alkaline, I-type granitoid, which can shed light on the relationship between the Indosinian tectonic and magmatic activity in the region. Three precise zircon U–Pb ages yielded a mean of 218 ± 0.8 Ma, which is taken as the age of crystallization. The pluton consists of both granodiorite (64.59–68.01 % SiO₂ and 3.25–4.22 % K₂O) and granite (70.49–71.80 % SiO₂ and 4.07–4.70 % K₂O). The granodiorites are characterized by relatively high Mg# (54–57), low contents of Na₂O (3.2–4.3 wt%), low abundances of incompatible elements (LILE, Nb and P), high initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr (0.7175–0.7184) and negative ε_Nd(t) (?9.98 to ?9.72). REE patterns show moderate fractionation ((La/Yb)_cn = 8.07–18.80) with negative Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu* = 0.62–0.86). Compared with the granodiorite, the granite has a wider range of Mg# (49–59), lower contents of Na₂O (2.8–4.2 wt%), higher initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr (0.7232–0.7243) and more negative ε_Nd(t) (?12.07 to ?11.24) values. REE patterns are relatively flat ((La/Yb)_cn = 14.73–29.37) with smaller negative Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu* = 0.48–0.63). The granodiorite has lower K₂O/Na₂O and Al₂O₃/(MgO + FeO_Tot) values than the granite. Based on major and trace element geochemistry and Sr–Nd isotopes, we interpret the Longtan granodioritic magma to have been derived by partial melting of interlayered Proterozoic metabasaltic to metatonalitic source rocks, whereas the granite was probably derived from a mixture of Proterozoic metagraywackes and metaigneous rocks. Field, petrographic and geochemical evidence indicate that partial melting and fractional crystallization were the dominant mechanism in the evolution of the pluton. The Longtan granodiorites and granites are petrologically and geochemically similar to typical Indosinian varieties and are considered to have been produced in a similar manner. The Indosinian granitoids in the region show a magmatic peak age of ~238 Ma from the Yunkai-Nanling belt in the southeast and a magmatic peak age of ~218 Ma of the Xuefengshan belt to the northwest. These early and late magmatic episodes of the Indosinian granitoids also display slight variations of regular compositions, ε_Nd(t) values and T _DM ages. Thus, we propose a syncollisional extension model that Indosinian granitoids were generated by decompressional partial melting of crustal materials triggered by two extensions during collision of the Indochina and South China blocks. The Longtan pluton in the northwesternmost part of the orogenic belt marks the termination of the Indosinian magmatism and orogenesis.