日本、美国等国家防震减灾法律法规制度比较研究

日本、美国作为全球地震高发区,分别制定了相对完善的法律法规体系,并积累了防震减灾制度建设方面的丰富经验。本文首先收集与梳理日本、美国等国家相关的防震减灾法制体系。分析日、美等国家政府部门管理、社会管理及全民参与的体制与机制。以日本为例,分析日本在防灾对策强化区的基本思路。最后从我国的基本国情出发,提出适合我国重点监视防御区工作的建议,即:1重防区的确定、相应的法律法规制定及信息的公布;2提高重防区的监测、预测、房屋抗震和应急救援能力;3提高公众防灾抗灾意识;4增加地震预测、烈度速报与预警系统方面的财政投入;5地震保险业的推广。     

天山乌鲁木齐河源450a冬季温度序列的重建与分析

相关计算表明,乌鲁木齐河树轮年表与大西沟气象站冬季（上年１２月至当年３月）平均最低温度相关显著,最高单相关系数为０．６１（α＝０．００１）,给出其在树木生理学方面的解释,使用７个年表序列构成的５个主分量可较好地重建乌鲁木齐河源大西沟气象站冬季平均最低温度序列,解释方差达６６．６４％,通过探讨来自不同年表的同一气候要素的两个重建序列的合并条件,得到了４５３ａ的乌鲁木齐河源冬季平均最低温度长序列,对该     

Integrated Rhaetian foraminiferal and conodont biostratigraphy from the Slovenian Basin, eastern Southern Alps

Conodonts and re-deposited shallow-water benthic foraminifera co-occur in the Upper Norian-Rhaetian Slatnik Formation of the Slovenian Basin (Southern Alps). The Mt. Kobla and Mt. Slatnik sections were investigated in order to give the first direct correlation between these two groups. The Norian-Rhaetian boundary (NRB) is placed at the First Appearance Datum of the conodont Misikella posthernsteini and is approached with the First Occurrence of the foraminifer Involutina turgida. An association of Trocholina turris with duostominids is a good marker for the Rhaetian. Careful revision of literature combined with our data culminated in reambulation of stratigraphical ranges for several foraminiferal species. The foraminiferal Triassic-Jurassic boundary (TJB) can be defined with the Last Occurrence of Galeanella tollmanni, ??Sigmoilina?? schaeferae or duostominids. The absence of the uppermost Rhaetian Misikella ultima conodont zone and the close coincidence of foraminiferal and conodont TJB could point to the presence of hiati in the upper part of the Slatnik Formation. Consequently, the exact pattern of disappearance of Late Triassic foraminifera at the boundary could not be observed. It is clear, however, that the foraminiferal assemblage was decimated for reef-dwelling foraminifera, duostominids and most of the platform-dwelling foraminifera. Biotic changes at the TJB are best explained as a result of a biocalcification crisis.     

The relation between the synodic and sidereal rotation period of the Sun

The relation between the synodic and sidereal rotation period of the Sun for an arbitrary date of observation is derived taking into account details of the Earth's motion. The transformation procedure between the synodic (apparent) and sidereal rotation period presented here can be performed without using the annual ephemerides.     

北斗中长基线静态测量精度初步评估

北斗卫星导航系统已于2012年12月27日开始正式提供区域服务,可为亚太地区用户提供定位、导航、授时和短报文通讯等服务,在精密定位方面有很大潜力。本文通过使用南方测绘GNSS后处理软件对长度范围为13~94km的6条基线的北斗静态测量数据进行处理,并将其解算结果与GPS相应解算结果和已知坐标进行比较,初步评估北斗静态测量精度。试验结果显示,基于广播星历对北斗中长基线(100km)静态测量(4h)数据进行解算的基线精度可达4cm,因此北斗中长基线静态测量已具有很大的研究价值和应用前景。     

基于BERT的金矿地质实体关系抽取模型研究

金矿实体关系的智能识别是提高金矿文献分析挖掘和知识提取的重要方法和途径.此次研究针对目前金矿实体关系抽取涉及到的核心问题,如金矿实体关系复杂、 人工标注信息少等特点,提出了基于BERT(Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformer)的远程监督关系抽取模型....     

Tree‐ring‐based annual precipitation reconstruction for the Hexi Corridor,NW China: consequences for climate history on and beyond the mid‐latitude Asian continent

An annual (July to June) precipitation reconstruction for the period AD 1760–2010 was developed from a Picea crassifolia regional tree‐ring chronology from two sites in the northern mountainous region of the Hexi Corridor, NW China. This reconstruction explains 52.1% of the actual precipitation variance during the period 1951 to 2010. Spatial correlations with gridded land‐surface data reveal that our reconstruction contains a strong regional precipitation signal for the Hexi Corridor and for the southern margin of the Badain Jaran Desert. Significant spectral peaks were identified at 31.9, 11.1, 8.0, 7.0, 3.2, 2.6 and 2.2 years. A large‐scale comparison indicates that our reconstruction is more consistent with climate records of a Westerly‐dominated Central Asia, and that the Westerlies have a greater impact on the precipitation in this region than the Asian summer monsoon. Our reconstructed precipitation series is significantly correlated with sea‐surface temperature (SST) in the tropical Atlantic Ocean (positive), the tropical Indian Ocean (positive), the western tropical Pacific Ocean (positive), and the western North Pacific Ocean (negative). The spatial correlation patterns between our precipitation reconstruction and SSTs of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans suggest a connection between regional precipitation variations and the high‐mid‐latitude northern atmospheric circulations (Westerlies and Asian summer monsoon).     

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郯庐断裂带中南段闭锁特征与地震危险性分析

利用华北地区1999～2007、2013～2017两期GPS水平运动速度场数据,采用块体负位错模型,分别反演了郯庐断裂带中南段不同段的断层闭锁程度和滑动亏损速率分布;结合地表应变结果,综合分析了郯庐断裂带前后两期的变形差异特征,并探讨了其与日本3·11地震间的可能关系。研究结果表明:日本地震后,郯庐断裂带中南段郯城以北的段落闭锁程度有所减弱,中南段东部地区主张应变率增强,处于拉张状态;日本大地震的发生对郯庐断裂带中南段的应变积累起到一定的缓解作用。2013～2017最新一期反演结果显示莒县以北断层闭锁程度仍较高,闭锁深度较深,为右旋挤压亏损,是1668年郯城地震的未破裂段;莒县以南到泗洪附近断层闭锁程度较低,无滑动亏损积累;泗洪以南到嘉山段断层闭锁程度较高,是历史地震的未破裂段,同时该地区小震不活跃,易于应力积累,地震危险性值得关注。