基于树木年轮宽度重建塔里木盆地西北缘水汽压变化

利用新疆阿合奇县以南黑尔塔格山区的天山云杉树木年轮宽度资料,基于树轮宽度指数与阿合奇气象要素的相关分析发现该树木径向生长主要受水分条件限制。选择相关系数较高且生理意义明确的时段和要素,建立了树轮宽度标准年表与阿合奇上年8月至当年6月的平均水汽压的线性转换方程(R²=66.4%,R_adj²=65.1%,p<0.001)。器测资料线性趋势分析表明,近56年来阿合奇的降水和水汽压呈一致的上升趋势。阿合奇1656-2012年的水汽压序列经历了4个偏干阶段(1666-1689年、1722-1749年、1820-1880年、1909-1988年)和4个偏湿阶段(1688-1721年、1750-1819年、1881-1908年、1989-002年)。在95%的置信水平上,重建序列存在显著的56.8 a、13.4 a、10.7 a、6.9 a、5.4 a、4.3 a、3.8 a和2.6 a的周期,其56.8 a的低频周期和6.9 a的周期对应天山山区的树轮重建序列中记录的周期特征。滑动T检验发现了显著性水平达到 0.001的6个突变年份(1720年、1827年、1910年、1751年、1874年、1988年)。重建序列中1988年水汽压增加的突变和1989年以来的偏湿阶段与中国西北(特别是天山山区和南疆西部)20世纪80年代以来增湿过程对应。阿合奇的水汽压重建序列与天山山区和阿克苏的降水记录的干湿阶段一致,但与同位新疆南部天山山区中部巴仑台的干湿阶段并不对应。     

Benthic foraminifera assemblages as elemental pollution bioindicator in marine sediments around fish farm (Vrgada Island,Central Adriatic,Croatia)

Effects on sediments of fish farming activity near Vrgada Island was analysed through living and total foraminiferal assemblages and concentration of major, minor and trace elements from three sediment cores. Elemental concentrations of sediments are in accordance with carbonate characteristics of the surrounding area and show mostly natural element variations between sampling locations and throughout the cores, with no significant increases due to fish farming activity. Only phosphorus concentration shows elevate values below the fish cage, assigned to fish pellets. Foraminiferal communities are dominated by epifaunal and stress tolerant species, while diversity indices point to normal marine conditions. The type of substrate and phosphorus content in sediments principally influence foraminiferal community composition, while other elemental concentrations have no perceptible effect on the assemblages. Some foraminiferal species Ammoniatepida, Ammoniabeccarii, Elphidiumcrispum, Elphidiummacellum and genus Haynesina are confirmed to be tolerant to elevated nutrient (phosphorus) content, while Ammonia parkinsoniana shows sensitivity to pollution. Postmortem processes cause decrease of foraminiferal density and species richness with core depth. All results point to negligible influence of fish farming and relatively stable environmental conditions at all sampling locations.     

Sequence Comparison of Partial Cytochrome b Genes of Two Coilia species

1Introduction Japanese grenadier anchovy,Coilia ectenes Jordanet Seale(1905),is distributed in the northwest Pacif-ic.The congener,Osbeck's grenadier anchovy,Coil-ia mystus(Linnaeus,1758),is widely distributed inthe west Pacific.Both species inhabit coastal watersand estuaries and can reach up to rivers.The twospecies are important contributors to the coastal fish-eries of China(Zheng et al.,2003).Many studies on the fishery biology of the twospecies have been conducted(Zheng et al.,2003)…     

On the diffuse radiation of the Galaxy in far UV according to the investigations by S. Hayakawa,K. Yamashita and S. Yoshioka

It has been found that certain optical properties of interstellar grains obtained by Hayakawaet al. (1969) from their study of the diffuse radiation of the Galaxy in far UV are not in reality consistent with the more accurate theoretical calculations of diffuse radiation for the model of the Galaxy used by Hayakawaet al. in their work. A more complex model of the Galaxy may be required for interpretation of observations in far UV.Receipt delayed by postal strike in Great Britain.     

The reliability of an 'off-the-shelf' conceptual rainfall runoff model for use in climate impact assessment: uncertainty quantification using Latin hypercube sampling

Much uncertainty is derived from the application of conceptual rainfall runoff models. In this paper, HYSIM, an 'off-the-shelf' conceptual rainfall runoff model, is applied to a suite of catchments throughout Ireland in preparation for use in climate impact assessment. Parameter uncertainty is assessed using the GLUE methodology. Given the lack of source code available for the model, parameter sampling is carried out using Latin hypercube sampling. Uncertainty bounds are constructed for model output. These bounds will be used to quantify uncertainty in future simulations as they include error derived from data measurement, model structure and parameterization.     

树轮记录的过去359a阿勒泰地区初夏气温变化

利用采集自阿尔泰山南坡森林上限3个采样点的西伯利亚落叶松(Larix sibirica Ledeb.)树芯样本,研制其树轮宽度年表。与区域内6个气象站点观测数据的相关分析结果表明,标准化宽度年表与6月平均气温相关较好,最高相关系数达0.675（p<0.0001）。使用逐步回归分析方法,建立温度的重建方程,调整自由度后的方差解释量为45.6%（1962~2012年）。过去359年来,阿勒泰地区平均气温变化存在7个偏暖（1667~1681年、1714~1728年、1747~1779年、1787~1800年、1862~1887年、1935~1968年、2000~2012年）和6个偏冷阶段（1682~1713年、1729~1746年、1780~1786年、1801~1861年、1888~1934年、1969~1999年）。并存在5个温暖年、54个偏暖年、252个正常年、37个偏冷年、以及11个寒冷年。6月平均温度的最高值出现在1830年（22.35℃）,最低温度出现在1985年（17.87℃）。功率谱分析显示该重建序列存在30.0年、7.4年的显著准周期（p<0.05）和6.4年的较显著准周期（p<0.10）。     

Stable isotopic and elemental characteristics of recent tufa from a karstic Krka River (south‐east Slovenia): useful environmental proxies?

Tufa samples from 16 consecutive barrages along a 13 km section of the groundwater‐fed Krka River (Slovenia) were analysed for their petrographical, mineralogical, elemental and stable carbon (δ¹³C) and oxygen (δ¹⁸O) isotope composition, to establish their relation to current climatic and hydrological conditions. Waters constantly oversaturated with calcite and the steep morphology of the Krka riverbed stimulate rapid CO₂ degassing and subsequent tufa precipitation. The carbon isotope fractionation (Δ¹³C) between dissolved inorganic carbon and tufa in the Krka River evolves towards isotopic equilibrium being controlled by continuous CO₂ degassing and tufa precipitation rate downstream. The Δ¹³C increased from 1·9 to 2·5‰ (VPDB); however, since tufa precipitation rates remain similar downstream, the major controlling factor of carbon isotope exchange is most probably related to the continuous ¹²CO₂ degassing downstream leaving the carbon pool enriched in ¹³C. In the case of oxygen, the isotope fractionation (Δ¹⁸O) was found to be from 1·0 to 2·3‰ (VSMOW) smaller than reported in the literature. The observed discrepancies are due to different precipitation rates of calcite deposits because Krka tufas on cascades grow relatively faster compared to slowly precipitated calcite deposits in cave or stream pools. Due to non‐equilibrium oxygen isotope exchange between Krka tufa and water, the δ¹⁸O proxy showed from 1·2 to 8·2°C higher calculated water temperatures compared to measured water temperatures, demonstrating that δ¹⁸O proxy‐based temperature equations are not reliable for water temperature calculations of fast‐growing tufa on cascades. Because Mg is bound to the terrigenous dolomite fraction in the Krka tufa samples, the Mg/Ca was also found to be an unreliable temperature proxy yielding over up to 20°C higher calculated water temperatures.