Tectonic Evolution of the Tianhuan Depression and the Western Margin of the Late Triassic Ordos

Abstract: The Ordos Basin is one of the most important oil and gas basins in China. Based on surface outcrop, key exploratory wells and seismic reflection data and by using the technology of “prototype basin recovery”, seismic profile “layer flattening” and “restoration of balanced section”,and other methods, the sedimentary boundary, structure and the evolution history of the Tianhuan depression on the western margin of the Ordos Basin are reestablished. The following results have been obtained. (1) The west boundary of the Late Triassic Ordos Basin was far beyond the scope of the current basin. The basin is connected with the Late Triassic Hexi Corridor Basin, and its western margin did not have tectonic characteristics of a foreland basin. (2) The Tianhuan depression was first formed in the Late Jurassic. At the late stage it was impacted by the late Yanshanian and Himalayan tectonic movement and the depression axis gradually moved eastwards to the present location with a cumulative migration distance of ~30 km. (3) Eastward migration of the depression axis caused adjustment and even destruction of the originally formed oil and gas reservoirs, so that oil and gas remigrated and aggregated, resulting in secondary structural reservoirs formed at high positions on the western flank of the depression.     

黔东施秉下翁哨地区金刚石指示矿物地球化学特征及其地质意义

对黔东施秉下翁哨地区金刚石指示矿物镁铝榴石、铬尖晶石分别进行了电子探针（EMPA）主量元素和LA- ICP- MS微区原位微量元素测试,结果表明：镁铝榴石主要属于G9型（约占87%）,次为G12型（约占11%）和G3型（约占2%）,源区为二辉橄榄岩和异剥橄榄岩,当其与橄榄石共生,获得平衡温度（tNi）为686~1225℃,压力（PCr）为1.9~4.0 GPa,少数落在形成金刚石的主要温压范围内（压力约4.0~6.5 GPa,温度约950~1300℃）;铬尖晶石主要来源于橄榄岩尖晶石捕虏晶（Xen）（约占90%）,少量为铬铁矿（Chr）（约占10%）,个别落在全球原生金刚石中铬铁矿包裹体的范围内。研究认为,恢复区域加里东期造山运动以来的古地貌,寻找金刚石指示矿物的母岩体/新岩体及开展其矿物间的对比研究工作,特别是对加里东期以来区域的地幔物质组成、岩石圈厚度和热状态等进行深入研究,将对扬子克拉通的演化、深部地幔结构剖析和金刚石成矿事件等具有重要的科学研究意义。     

平度市新河铁矿地质特征分析

平度市新河铁矿位于安丘莱州铁成矿带中部,铁矿床产于古元古代粉子山群小宋组中,共圈定3个磁铁矿体,矿石为石英型磁铁矿石,属沉积变质型铁矿床。赋矿层位具专属性,以磁异常为其找矿标志,通过综合分析研究,认为该铁成矿带内具有较好的找矿前景。     

Cenozoic uplift of the Tibetan Plateau: Evidence from the tectonic-sedimentary evolution of the western Qaidam Basin

Geologists agree that the collision of the Indian and Asian plates caused uplift of the Tibet Plateau.However,controversy still exists regarding the modes and mechanisms of the Tibetan Plateau uplift.Geology has recorded this uplift well in the Qaidam Basin.This paper analyzes the tectonic and sedimentary evolution of the western Qaidam Basin using sub-surface seismic and drill data. The Cenozoic intensity and history of deformation in the Qaidam Basin have been reconstructed based on the tectonic developments,faults growth index,sedimentary facies variations,and the migration of the depositional depressions.The changes in the sedimentary facies show that lakes in the western Qaidam Basin had gone from inflow to still water deposition to withdrawal.Tectonic movements controlled deposition in various depressions,and the depressions gradually shifted southeastward.In addition,the morphology of the surface structures in the western Qaidam Basin shows that the Cenozoic tectonic movements controlled the evolution of the Basin and divided it into(a) the southern fault terrace zone, (b) a central Yingxiongling orogenic belt,and(c) the northern fold-thrust belt;divided by the XI fault (Youshi fault) and Youbei fault,respectively.The field data indicate that the western Qaidam Basin formed in a Cenozoic compressive tectonic environment caused by the India—Asia plate collision. Further,the Basin experienced two phases of intensive tectonic deformation.The first phase occurred during the Middle Eocene—Early Miocene(Xia Ganchaigou Fm.and Shang Ganchaigou Fm.,43.8—22 Ma),and peaked in the Early Oligocene(Upper Xia Ganchaigou Fm.,31.5 Ma).The second phase occurred between the Middle Miocene and the Present(Shang Youshashan Fm.and Qigequan Fm., 14.9—0 Ma),and was stronger than the first phase.The tectonic—sedimentary evolution and the orientation of surface structures in the western Qaidam Basin resulted from the Tibetan Plateau uplift,and recorded the periodic northward growth of the Plateau.Recognizing this early tectonic—sedimentary evolution supports the previous conclusion that northern Tibet responded to the collision between India and Asia shortly after its initiation.However,the current results reveal that northern Tibet also experienced another phase of uplift during the late Neogene.The effects of these two stages of tectonic activity combined to produce the current Tibetan Plateau.     

7度区典型框架教学楼抗震加强措施效果对比

由于汶川地震导致大量中小学校建筑倒塌,造成巨大伤亡,住建部、中国工程院和中国地震局分别提出了不同的校舍抗震设计加强要求,但这些加强措施的实际抗倒塌效果尚缺乏定量研究.本文采用纤维梁模型,并选择合适的钢筋约束混凝土本构,对汶川地震7度区典型钢筋混凝土框架结构教学楼进行了基于IDA的倒塌率分析,研究了不同抗震加强措施的防倒...     

1990年共和7.0级地震的发震构造讨论

根据地质、地震及形变资料研究了１９９０年４月青海省共和ＭＳ７．０地震的发震构造．认为ＮＷＮＷＷ向的哇玉香卡拉干逆冲盲断裂是该次地震的发震构造．其地表形变以褶皱隆起为主．因此,共和地震是一次典型的“盲断裂褶皱地震”．     

巴颜喀拉块体强震活动与2010年玉树7.1级地震的关系

系统地总结分析了巴颜喀拉地块北、东、南边界带的构造特征、各个边界带上的强震活动、部分强震的震源机制解和区域地震活动,从而探讨了2010年玉树7.1级地震发生前巴颜喀拉地块地震活动特征。从2008年玉树地区地震活动变化、巴颜喀拉块体北边界和南边界强震呼应及块体动力学过程进行了地震趋势预测的思考。     

阿尔金断裂带中东段地震活动特征及危险性讨论

讨论了阿尔金断裂带1900年以来的5级以上地震活动,结果显示空间上地震活动具有分段性,其中在青海段出现5级地震填空性空段,并形成5级地震的平静区,时间上具有平静和活跃交替的特征。进一步分析阿尔金断裂带青海段(茫崖北—肃北)现代小震活动,结果显示:茫崖以西震源深度约40 km以内,青海段(茫崖北—肃北)震源深度约10 km范围内,超过10 km较少,肃北—黑崖子以东约100 km处震源深度由浅逐渐变深,从10 km左右逐渐变化到40 km左右。与此同时,依据上述资料探讨了阿尔金断裂带青海段的强震危险性。     

青海东南部地区中强震前不同阶段的异常特征研究

在全面认识青海东南部及其邻近地区构造背景和深入分析区域地震活动基本特征的基础上,利用《中国震例》资料,系统总结和研究了青海东南部地区中强震前长期、中期、短期和临震阶段的地震活动性和前兆异常,获得了青海东南部地区具有区域特色地震活动性和前兆观测的震例资料及相关结论。     

贾鲁河中牟段河岸带地下水流及水质特征研究

该文以河南省贾鲁河中牟段为研究区,探究贾鲁河与河岸带浅层地下水的补排关系以及河水对浅层地下水的影响。通 过野外地质调查、水文地质试验、水位监测及水质检测,分析河岸带地表水与地下水的补排关系及污染特征。结果表明,受 中牟县抽取地下水的影响,该河段周围浅层地下水位低于河水位,河流补给地下水,平均单宽补给量为2.04 m2·d-1;河水中 NH3和COD污染较为严重,地下水中“三氮”均超标,其中NO2和NH3污染严重;河水NH3-N浓度远高于地下水,接受河 流补给的地下水NH3污染严重;因硝化作用,远离河流地下水NH3-N浓度逐渐降低,而NO3-N浓度逐渐升高。