钦州前陆盆地——关于钦州残余海槽的新认识

本文首先简要地介绍了前陆盆地的一般概念及其构造—沉积演化模式,然后根据钦州—玉林地区的沉积特征及有关的区域地质资料进行综合分析,并与国外典型前陆盆地进行对比。我们认为,前人资料中的“钦州残余海槽”,应是云开碰撞造山带的前陆盆地,并尝试恢复钦州前陆盆地的构造—沉积演化过程。     

高分四号静止卫星数据的地表反照率反演

地表反照率(Albedo)是描述地表辐射能量平衡的重要参数,为了获得高分四号(GF-4)静止卫星的地表反照率产品,构建了一种基于核驱动双向反射率分布(BRDF)模型的反照率反演方法。首先,探索核驱动BRDF模型对GF-4卫星数据的适用性,加入地表分类信息,为核系数赋初值,并引入鲍威尔迭代算法优化模型结果。然后,对BRDF模型进行角度积分获得各个波段的地表窄波段反照率。在此基础上,结合GF-4卫星光谱响应函数与光谱库,首次建立了将窄波段反照率到宽波段反照率的转换系数,并反演得到0.4—0.7μm和0.3—3.0μm的宽波段反照率。最后,利用Landsat 8卫星数据和MODIS地表反照率产品对基于GF-4卫星数据的地表反照率反演结果进行交叉验证。Landsat 8与GF-4的反照率结果对比表明,GF-4卫星可见光范围内的反照率反演结果精度为85.6%,短波范围内的反照率反演结果精度为93.4%;MODIS与GF-4的反照率结果对比表明,可见光范围的地表反照率精度达到87.7%,短波范围的地表反照率精度达到85.9%。这说明GF-4卫星地表反照率反演结果具有较高精度,GF-4卫星反照率产品具有一定应用潜力。     

渤海海域典型场地土的动力学特征

文中通过收集已完成的近40个海洋平台的工作报告中的钻孔资料,通过室内振动三轴试验,整理出372渤海原状土样动力学测试的原始数据,进行归纳分析,利用数理统计学的方法给出渤海海域内不同类型土体、不同埋深的动剪切模量比和阻尼比随剪应变变化的平均曲线及推荐值。并以三种典型土类为例,将统计值与规范值、推荐值进行比较分析,得到了非常有价值的结论。本文的结果可供渤海海上工作无试验资料和今后修订渤海海上土动力学参数规范值时参考使用,对工程抗震和地震安全性评价也具有一定的借鉴意义。     

渤海海洋石油平台设定地震反应谱的确定

以渤海海域内已兴建的BZ28-2石油平台为研究对象,综合确定性和概率地震危险性分析方法的优点,通过对渤海海域内地震活动时空分布特征、地震地质背景、发震断裂及其活动性、平台遭受破坏性地震震级与距离的可能组合、设定地震的实际发生概率等几个方面的研究,综合确定了平台不同超越慨率对应的设定地震参数,并基于以上研究结果,给出了B...     

海南晨星安山质火山岩地球化学、年代学特征及其构造意义

海南晨星地区发育一套变安山质火山岩,呈透镜状或层状夹于晚古生代变沉积地层中。该安山质火山岩SiO2含量为52.87%～65.27%;富Al2O3(15.59%～21.55%),具有较高的稀土元素丰度(ΣREE=166.80×10-6～246.21×10-6),平均204.39×10-6,(La/Yb)N=5.78～7.47,(Gd/Yb)N=1.24～1.58;大离子亲石元素富集、高场强元素Nb-Ta和Ti-P亏损明显,Eu弱负异常(δEu=0.72～0.90);在Nb/Y-(Zr/TiO2)×10-4和La/Yb-Sc/Ni图解上落入安山质大陆岛弧型火山岩区。火山岩样品10HN13B的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年代学测试表明,该安山质火山岩形成年龄为345±4Ma,表明在早石炭世晚期(～345Ma)在海南中部存在有安山质弧岩浆作用。该年龄的获得表明晨星地区夹持该安山质火山岩的原下二叠统峨查组很可能为一套石炭-二叠纪海相火山-碎屑沉积建造,或需要进一步解体。     

对含厚软表层海域工程场地设计地震动参数确定的一点建议

工程上常用的等效线性化方法在处理常见的、含厚软表层的海域场地时,其计算结果往往产生较大的偏异.为了研究这些计算偏异产生的程度,本文利用等效线性化方法对典型海域工程钻孔进行了小震、中震和大震3种不同工况下保留和舍弃软表层情况下的土层计算.考虑到在大震作用下,土体可能进入大的非线性范围,等效线性化将不再适用,故引入了一种能更好地考虑土层大非线性效应的直接时域积分方法,并与等效线性化方法研究结果进行了对比分析.在此基础上,给出了确定含厚软表层海域工程场地设计地震动参数的处理建议.     

东北地震区小震资料完整性分析及其对地震活动性参数的影响研究

以东北地震区为例,基于G-R关系的震级-频度分布原理,研究了东北地震区最小完整性震级MC的时间分布特征和各时段的空间分布特征,统计了研究区内的地震活动性参数,探讨了小震资料完整性分析对地震活动性参数和地震危险性计算结果的影响。研究表明：对区域小震资料进行完整性分析,可以在低地震活动地区获得较准确的地震活动性参数,更好地反映了该区未来的地震活动趋势。本文的研究方法和结论可供地震资料完整性分析和地震活动性分析时参考。     

考虑地震构造背景的地震活动性参数光滑方法在地震危险性概率评价中的应用

In this study, the North China seismic region was selected as the study area, and evaluation of seismic hazard using the spatial smoothing seismicity model was performed. Firstly, the study area is divided into grids, and some parameters (e.g. b-value, M0, Mu, azimuth and M-L relationship) for each seismotectonic model were assigned. Secondly, using elliptical smoothing based on a seismotectonic background model, the statistical earthquake incidence rate in each grid is successively calculated. Lastly, the relevant ground motion attenuation relationship is chosen to assess seismic hazard of general sites. The maps for the distribution of horizontal peak ground acceleration with 10% probability of exceedance in 50 years were obtained by using the seismic hazard analysis method based on grid source. This seismicity model simplifies the methodology of probabilistic seismic hazard analysis, especially appropriate for those places where seismic tectonics is not yet clearly known. This method can provide valuable references for seismic zonation and seismic safety assessment for significant engineering projects.     

Uniform hazard versus uniform risk bases for performance‐based earthquake engineering of light‐frame wood construction

This paper investigates the implications of designing for uniform hazard versus uniform risk for light‐frame wood residential construction subjected to earthquakes in the United States. Using simple structural models of one‐story residences with typical lateral force‐resisting systems (shear walls) found in buildings in western, eastern and central regions of the United States as illustrations, the seismic demands are determined using nonlinear dynamic time‐history analyses, whereas the collapse capacities are determined using incremental dynamic analyses. The probabilities of collapse, conditioned on the occurrence of the maximum considered earthquakes and design earthquakes stipulated in ASCE Standard 7‐05, and the collapse margins of these typical residential structures are compared for typical construction practices in different regions in the United States. The calculated collapse inter‐story drifts are compared with the limits stipulated in FEMA 356/ASCE Standard 41‐06 and observed in the recent experimental testing. The results of this study provide insights into residential building risk assessment and the relation between building seismic performance implied by the current earthquake‐resistant design and construction practices and performance levels in performance‐based engineering of light‐frame wood construction being considered by the SEI/ASCE committee on reliability‐based design of wood structures. Further code developments are necessary to achieve the goal of uniform risk in earthquake‐resistant residential construction. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.