Detrital and pedogenic magnetic mineral phases in the loess/palaeosol sequence at Lingtai (Central Chinese Loess Plateau)

A detailed rock magnetic investigation of loess/palaeosol samples from the section at Lingtai on the central Chinese Loess Plateau (CLP) is presented. Thermal demagnetisation of isothermal remanent magnetisation (IRM) and Curie temperature measurements suggest the presence of magnetite, maghemite and hematite as remanence carrying components. Bulk and grain size fractionated samples have been analysed using coercivity spectra of remanence acquisition/demagnetisation curves, which identify four main remanence carriers in different grain size fractions of loesses and palaeosols. A linear source mixing model quantifies the contribution of the four components which have been experimentally derived as dominating endmembers in specific grain size fractions. Up to two thirds of the total IRM of the palaeosols are due to slightly oxidised pedogenic magnetite. Two detrital components dominate up to 90% of the IRM of the loess samples and are ascribed to maghemite of different oxidation degree. Detrital hematite is present in all samples and contributes up to 10% of the IRM. The iron content of the grain size fractions gives evidence that iron in pedogenically grown remanence carriers does not originate from the detrital iron oxides, but rather from iron-bearing clays and mafic silicates. The contribution of pedogenic magnetite to the bulk IRM increases with the increasing degree of pedogenesis, which depends in turn on climate change.     

张家口地震台形变数字化与模拟资料应用的对比分析

介绍了张家口地震台的地质构造和形变观测数字化改造情况，对2002年数字化和模拟资料的一致性、观测精度进行对比，分析产生差别的原因，探讨辅助观测和观测值的相关性，得出张家口台的数字化改造是成功的，资料连续率高，质量高，数字化资料完全能替代模拟资料，同时注意数字化观测系统应从数据处理、分析方法及精度评定上逐步完善，才能提取真实的前兆异常，更好地应用于地震预报。     

北喜马拉雅地区下白垩统海底扇沉积环境

北喜马拉雅地区早白垩世沉积以碎屑岩为主，海底扇沉积十分发育。根据沉积岩的矿物成分、结构、构造和产状特征，可将这些海底扇分为6个亚相。根据亚相在空间的排列组合所指示的沉积环境，海底扇的发展过程可划分为萌芽、青春、成熟和消亡四个阶段。在早白垩世早、中期海底扇处于萌芽阶段和青春阶段，沉积岩的砂/?泥比值高，砂岩的矿物成分和结构多样，反映出海岸平原和大陆架较窄，海底坡度较大，从早白垩世开始沉积环境经历了由陆棚向大陆斜坡转移的过程，海平面升高，构造性质主要为水平拉张、裂陷。早白垩世晚期海底扇处于成熟阶段，海岸平原和大陆架宽度加大，砂/?泥比值降低，沉积物以泥质组分为主，富含菱铁矿、钙质结核，少见菊石等生物化石，相变缓慢，水体低能，属于缓倾斜、无明显坡折带的陆缘，反映了北喜马拉雅区的最大海侵事件。由于印度洋扩张、印度板块向北漂移，在早白垩世晚期北喜马拉雅被动陆缘已趋成熟，本区处于大陆斜坡下部强还原的深海-半深海环境。晚白垩世总体上属于海退，海底扇处于消亡阶段，其岩石由泥岩类向砂岩类直至砾岩类演化。白垩纪沉积盆地则相应经历了由陆棚→拉张断陷盆地→陆坡→深海盆地的演变。     

四合屯-义县地区义县组火山活动的旋回性特征

在岩石学特征分析的基础上,结合本区广为发育的火山间歇期沉凝灰岩、凝灰质粉砂岩以及其中的古生物化石特征等,作者将四合屯-义县地区义县组火山活动分为早、中、晚3个火山活动旋回,即早期以玄武岩、玄武安山质火山岩类为主的基性、中基性旋回;中期以流纹质及英安质火山岩类为主的中酸性旋回;晚期以玄武岩为主的基性旋回.义县组火山活动早期的基性、中基性旋回还可进一步分为4个亚旋回,在其中的沉凝灰岩中发育有以鹦鹉嘴龙为主的古脊椎动物化石.各旋回或亚旋回的底部不同程度地发育有爆发-沉积相的沉凝灰岩或内陆湖泊相沉积岩.包括珍稀动植物在内的热河生物群化石则产于义县组火山活动中期的沉凝灰岩以及钙质页岩之中.     

人工源超低频电磁波技术及在首都圈地区的测量研究

超低频 (SLF)电磁波技术利用地球物理和无线电物理相结合的原理 ,由人工产生大功率电磁波信号。在地面很大范围的许多测点同时测量该信号 ,可研究空间电磁场和地下电阻率结构 ,研究地震等引起的电磁场异常变化 ,探测地壳结构和地下资源。在首都圈地区的观测表明 ,SLF信号的功率谱密度超过天然场源信号数倍以上 ,所得到的视电阻率数据精度远高于天然源方法 ,并有长时间的稳定性。在测量期间距测点约 12 0km发生的迁安 4 .2级地震与观测的电磁场异常和视电阻率的变化有较好的对应性 ,并对产生这些变化的可能的成因机制进行了探讨 ,推测它们是区域应力场和震源区局部构造综合作用的结果。     

真空抽提—气相色谱法测定核元件中氢

建立从核燃料元件中真空抽提H2并进行气相色谱法测定的真空抽提—气相色谱法。介绍了用自行设计制作的一套真空系统提取、分离和富集固体样品释放出的微量气体，与气相色谱连接测定H2含量。考察了系统工作条件对样品分析的影响。系统富集倍数为100倍左右，测定H2的线性范围为100—1000μg／g。方法用于实际样品分析，测定结果与元件填充值一致；对于同一样品测定，分次结果(mV／μg)为286、298、296，x＝293．3，说明方法精密度好。系统可同时抽提试样中的O2、H2和CH4。     

酒泉地区1937～2001年气候演变及突变分析

利用酒泉地区敦煌、酒泉两气象站 1937～ 2 0 0 1年气温、降水资料 ,分析了酒泉地区气候演变趋势和气候突变期 ,为该区气候决策服务提供参考     

基于GIS的上海城市中心区工业用地空间解构

采用GIS空间分析技术 ,对 194 9～ 1996年期间上海城市中心区工业用地变化的时空进程进行空间分割和历史形态分析。证实上海城市中心区不仅工业用地比例过大 ,而且工业的行业分布不合理 ;揭示城市工业用地随时间、空间变化的规律 ,阐明城市工业结构调整的方向     

Tremendous change of the earth surface system and tectonic setting of salt-lake formation in Yuncheng Basin since 7.1 Ma

The Yuncheng salt lake has formed under the setting of stepped subsidence of fault-blocks from the north to the south in Yuncheng Basin. In the phase of red clay accumulation during 7.1-3.6 Ma, the size of palaeo-lake was larger than the present salt lake, and palaeo-monsoon had formed. At 3.6 Ma, the northern basement in the basin raised abruptly due to the radiative effect of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau uplifting, and palaeo-lake was contracting southwards. At ca. 2.6 Ma ancient river flowed into the northern part of the basin. During ca. 2.0-1.9 Ma aerolian effect strengthened and loess started to accumulate on the most part of the basin. Since ca. 1.8-1.0 Ma the subsidence of the lake fault-block has been speeding up abruptly. As under the natural hydrogradient the salt lake received enough groundwater supply, and the rate of loess accumulation in the lake area was lower than that of subsidence of the lake fault-block, the lake could be preserved and becomes the only modern lake on Chinese Loess Plateau. Four large strengthening change records of the monsoon were found in the lake sequence of 5.8-1.9 Ma B.P.     

安徽合肥盆地东北部白垩纪层序地层学分析

运用层序地层学理论和工作方法 ,对合肥盆地东北部白垩纪陆相地层各类沉积建造的沉积环境、沉积相和陆相沉积体系域进行了分析 ,根据红层盆地的沉积物充填序列、基本层序 ,将白垩纪断 (坳 )陷盆地充填沉积序列中划分为 4个层序 ,在层序地层学分析基础上 ,并根据岩石地层单元和沉积体系在时空上的展布特征 ,初步建立了红盆地层格架。