基于ERA5资料的广西地区云水资源评估

利用欧洲中期数值预报中心(ECMWF)发布的第5代全球大气再分析资料(ERA5),结合中国气象局人工影响天气中心发布的CWR-MEM方案云水资源监测评估方法,对广西区域2009—2018年云水资源进行评估研究,结果表明:广西年均云水资源总量约5107.8×10^(8)t,其中年均空中留存云水总量约1422.2×10^(8)t,云水以区域内生成为主,年均约净输出197.1×10^(8)t云水资源。广西云水资源存在明显的季节变化特征,呈单峰分布,夏季6月最高,冬季2月最低,空中留存云水无明显季节变化。广西云水水平分布总体呈东北部高,向西和向南逐渐降低的分布特征。广西秋、冬和春季云水主要分布在低层925~600hPa,是以液相水滴构成的暖性层状云云水为主,夏季云水则主要分布在中层600~400hPa,是以过冷液水滴和冰相粒子构成的混合态云水为主,低层云水显著减少。     

我国南方桉树人工林区水体泛黑物质分子组成及形成机理

我国南方桉树人工林区水库在秋冬季频繁出现黑水现象。现有研究指出,桉树叶中单宁酸等物质与金属离子(如铁离子)反应产生的金属-有机质络合物是导致这一现象的主要原因。然而,目前对于桉树叶中能形成金属-有机质络合物的潜在有机质前体物认识仍然有限,基于分子组成层面的桉树人工林区水库水体泛黑形成机理也尚不清楚。为此,本研究利用傅立叶变换离子回旋共振质谱(FT-ICR MS)等手段,对桉树叶浸泡液与典型桉树林区水库(金窝水库和天雹水库)水体中可溶性有机物进行了分子组成的分析。研究结果显示,桉树叶浸泡液主要由以苯三酚、没食子酸为母体的多酚类化合物及其多聚衍生物构成,其中最典型的化合物是鞣花酸(C₁₄H₆O₈)。冬季水库水中鞣花酸强度远高于夏季,且表层水体高于底层水体,这表明秋冬季大量凋落的桉树叶释放出的这些芳香多酚类物质会显著促进水库黑水的形成。进一步的实验证明,鞣花酸、苯三酚和没食子酸都会与铁离子发生络合反应,生成黑色沉淀。这些结果均表明,桉树叶溶解出的芳香多酚类物质是导致水库变黑的核心因素。本研究基于分子组成层面提出了桉树人工林区水库水体泛黑形成机理,对于桉树人工林区的黑水治理和保障水库饮用水安全具有十分重要的意义。     

Seismic performance evaluation of VCFPB isolated storage tank using real-time hybrid simulation

Variable curvature friction pendulum bearings(VCFPB) effectively reduce the dynamic response of storage tanks induced by earthquakes.Shaking table testing is used to assess the seismic performance of VCFPB isolated storage tanks.However,the vertical pressure and friction coefficient of the scaled VCFPB in the shaking table tests cannot match the equivalent values of these parameters in the prototype.To avoid this drawback,a real-time hybrid simulation(RTHS)test was developed.Using RTHS testing,a...     

基于手机信令数据的北京市景区游客时空活动特征研究

手机信令数据可以用于研究区域人群时空活动特征,但利用手机信令数据对景区客流活动规律探究的研究较少。本文基于手机信令数据,以北京市32个景区为研究对象,建立客流时空特征评价指标,对北京景区2021年3月1日至2021年5月13日的客流时空变化规律进行了分析。结果显示节假日和周末北京客流量有明显的增长,不同景区间存在客流拥堵差异,近80%的景区在节假日会面临较高的客流压力。研究结论可为北京旅游发展和风险防范提供信息参考。     

基于CiteSpace5.5R2的时空大数据挖掘——以中国知网地理信息系统学科文献为例

以中国知网10 a间收录的地理信息系统学科相关文献为研究对象,不同于以往的基于人工设计或传统方法获取数据并可视化分析,采用Python, Excel, MySQL数据库等工具对文献数据进行预处理、存储与管理。文中以时空大数据挖掘方法对样本文献“量化”(数据化)并进行深入推理。采用基于Java环境的CiteSpace5.5R2等软件,通过词云分析、聚类分析、科研合作网络等时空大数据挖掘方法,为地理信息系统的实践发展、热点探索及前沿方向提供参考,提出相关建议和发展趋势的展望。     

Path Planning Method Based on D~* lite Algorithm for Unmanned Surface Vehicles in Complex Environments

In recent decades, path planning for unmanned surface vehicles(USVs) in complex environments, such as harbours and coastlines, has become an important concern. The existing algorithms for real-time path planning for USVs are either too slow at replanning or unreliable in changing environments with multiple dynamic obstacles. In this study,we developed a novel path planning method based on the D* lite algorithm for real-time path planning of USVs in complex environments. The proposed method has the following advantages:(1) the computational time for replanning is reduced significantly owing to the use of an incremental algorithm and a new method for modelling dynamic obstacles;(2) a constrained artificial potential field method is employed to enhance the safety of the planned paths; and(3) the method is practical in terms of vehicle performance. The performance of the proposed method was evaluated through simulations and compared with those of existing algorithms. The simulation results confirmed the efficiency of the method for real-time path planning of USVs in complex environments.     

ENSO amplitude change in observation and coupled models

Observations show that the tropical E1 Nifio-Southern Oscillation （ENSO） variability, after removing both the long term trend and decadal change of the background climate, has been enhanced by as much as 60% during the past 50 years. This shift in ENSO amplitude can be related to mean state changes in global climate. Past global warming has caused a weakening of the Walker circulation over the equatorial Indo-Pacific oceans, as well as a weakening of the trade winds and a reduction in the equatorial upwelling. These changes in tropical climatology play as stabilizing factors of the tropical coupling system. However, the shallower and strengthening thermocline in the equatorial Pacific increases the SST sensitivity to thermocline and wind stress variabilities and tend to destabilize the tropical coupling system. Observations suggest that the destabilizing factors, such as the strengthening thermocline, may have overwhelmed the stabilizing effects of the atmosphere, and played a deterministic role in the enhanced ENSO variability, at least during the past half century. This is different from the recent assessment of IPCC-AR4 coupled models.     

青藏高原大气蕴含潜热时空分布特征研究

利用ECMWF(欧洲中期天气预报中心)月平均比湿资料,通过直接对比湿q进行多年平均计算、气候倾向率分析、EOF分解等,研究了1979-2015年青藏高原(下称高原)地区大气蕴含潜热的时空分布特征及年际、年代际变化特征。结果表明,高原大气蕴含潜热从低层向高层逐渐减少,且夏季蕴含潜热最多,其次为春、秋,且两季分布特征大致相似,冬季蕴含潜热最少,各季大值均集中在高原东南部及南部;蕴含潜热整体呈增长的趋势,夏季增长最快,冬季最慢;高原西部和云贵高原地区大气蕴含潜热均有不同程度的减小,夏季减小最快,冬季减小最慢;EOF分析中,各积分层以及整层[地表到500 hPa积分(第一积分层);500~400 hPa积分(第二积分层);400~300 hPa积分(第三积分层);地表到300 hPa积分(整层)]在第一模态下均大致呈正分布;在第二模态下均呈“正-负”的偶极子分布(其中第一积分层和整层为西南—东北“正-负”分布,其余两层为东—西“正-负”分布),说明蕴含潜热在这两种分布状态中的变化趋势均存在反相关系);在第三模态下均在西北—东南方向为“正-负-正”的分布。各积分层以及整层除第二模态年际变化相对明显外,其他两个模态年际变化均不明显。     

浅谈恒山黄芪生长的气象条件

本文论述了恒山黄芪生长的不同时期的气象条件,分析了黄芪最佳的有效用光群体结构及立体应用,阐述了气温、温差、积温、降水适宜黄芪生长发育的气象指标。