桂北地区金属矿床成矿历史演化程式

本文讨论了在立交平面线形设计中，如何从草图的散点输入，样条曲线拟合，曲率图生成及处理，直至生成习用平面线形组合的过程，说明了这一新途径的作用意义；并简要介绍了在Ａｕｔｏ ＣＡＤ图形环境下这一新途径的具体实现方法，供应用参考。     

Mechanical response of surrounding rock of tunnels constructed with the TBM and drill-blasting method

There are two kinds of excavation methods in underground engineering: the tunnel boring machine (TBM) and the drill-blasting method. A large number of studies have shown that the deformation and failure, the degree of disturbance, the stability and the reinforcement measures of surrounding rock using the TBM and drill-blasting method vary from each other. To accurately master these macroscopic damages, it is necessary to focus on the investigation of the micro-mechanical responses of the surrounding rock. Scanning electron microscopy tests, acoustic emission tests and tunnel acoustic detection tests were carried out to analyze the mechanical response of surrounding rock of tunnels, which were excavated in marble by, respectively, the TBM and the drill-blasting method. The tests results showed that most of the rock fractures cut by TBM is wipe along the crystal, and the failure mechanism is mainly cutting, while most of the rock fractures induced by the TBM coincide with crystal planes, its mechanism is mainly tensile. The stress–strain curves of rocks cut by the TBM method are rather flat around the peak strength, which means a strong resistance to deformation around the peak load. The response of AE for the rock cut by the TBM method appears after larger strains than the response of the rock constructed by the drill-blasting method. This suggests that the resistance to damage is higher under TBM excavation conditions. The relaxation depths of the tunnel excavated by the drill-blasting method are larger than the tunnel excavated by the TBM method. The research can provide more insight into tunnel failure mechanisms and provide a framework for reinforcement measures.     

基于二维浅水模拟的河道滩地洪水淹没研究

提出了一种河道滩地洪水淹没分析的多分辨率处理方法。该方法首先利用有限元数值求解二维浅水方程,模拟河道水流运动,并利用干湿判断处理河道动边界,获得不同流量情况下的河道水面线沿程变化;然后以水面线切割河道滩地高精度DEM(数字高程)地形,利用图像分割及区域生长法识别陆域和水域。该方法实际应用于南渡江下游河口段的滩地洪水淹没分析,有效将二维浅水模拟的低分辨率网格(10m精度)和局部滩地高分辨率地形(2m精度)结合,获得了高精度的淹没范围计算结果。     

川西南雷波小沟早寒武世磷矿床磷酸盐富集沉降机制探讨

为了解我国扬子地区早寒武世磷块岩矿床磷酸盐的富集沉降机制,本文以川西南雷波县小沟大型磷矿床大型磷矿床为解剖对象,采用共焦激光拉曼和激光剥蚀等离子体质谱分析（LA-ICP-MS）技术,从岩相学和地球化学的角度对其进行了初步探讨。结果显示：小沟矿床磷块岩主要由胶磷矿、碳酸盐矿物、有机质、硅质及少量黄铁矿组成;矿石中微生物发育,鉴定其可能为Eoentophysalis和Obruchevella;胶磷矿LA-ICP-MS原位REE分析表明,所有点位均具明显的负Ce异常,指示沉积成矿过程中氧化—次氧化的底层水与孔隙水条件。综合上述研究认为,成矿与有机质沉降及胞外聚合物（EPS）关系密切：①氧化—次氧化底层水条件下,生物有机质沉降,并在埋藏过程中迅速分解导致孔隙水中溶解磷酸盐达到过饱和是磷富集沉淀的主因。②胞外聚合物（EPS）粘附细胞和有机碎屑,加速了生物有机质的聚集沉降,埋藏过程中,EPS为磷质聚集提供大量成核位点,促进了胶磷矿的快速析出与沉淀。     

Mass transport in a thin layer of power-law mud under surface waves

The mass transport velocity in a two-layer system is studied theoretically. The wave motion is driven by a periodic pressure load on the free water surface, and mud in the lower layer is described by a power-law rheological model. Perturbation analysis is performed to the second order to find the mean Eulerian velocity. A numerical iteration method is employed to solve the non-linear governing equation at the leading order. The influence of rheological properties on fluid motion characteristics including the flow field, the surface displacement, the mass transport velocity, and the net discharge rates are investigated based on theoretical results. Theoretical analysis shows that under the action of interfacial shearing, a recirculation structure may appear near the interface in the upper water layer. A higher mass transport velocity at the interface does not necessarily mean a higher discharge rate for a pseudo-plastic fluid mud.     

四川省石棉县大水沟碲矿床成矿物质来源的一些证据

该矿床是一个新矿床类型,成矿作用分为磁黄铁矿-黄铁矿、辉碲铋矿和黄铁矿-黄铜矿三个阶段。矿化围岩为三叠纪镁铁质火山岩。在矿脉周围广泛发育有以黑云母、白云母、石英和斜长石为代表的蚀变及分带,磁黄铁矿和辉碲铋矿的硫同位素值δ³⁴S=-1.7‰-2.8‰,白云石和方解石的δ¹³C_PDB=-5.3‰——7.42‰,δ¹⁸O_SMOW=10.9‰-13.1‰。根据以硅质、碱质和富挥发组分为特征的围岩蚀变和S、O、C同位素信息,表明大水沟碲矿床的成矿物质来源与岩浆有关。     

百年勘查成果与成矿规律之集大成——首部《中国矿产地质志》研编阶段性进展概述

继顾琅和鲁迅1906年出版《中国矿产志》以来的100多年中,中国社会发生了根本性改变,中华民族由半殖民地半封建国家逐步走上了康庄大道,矿产资源功不可没。根据《国土资源"十三五"规划纲要》"总结百年勘查成果和成矿规律"的要求,《中国矿产地质志》的各项研编工作全面部署,并取得实质性进展,截止目前共完成59部成果报告,取得了一系列重要成果:制定了统一的研编技术要求,清理出全国已发现矿产地近6.5万处,划分出18种矿床类型;修订和统一了部分省区的岩石地层划分方案和地层系统;划分或修正了大地构造单元和成矿区带,探讨了大地构造格局、演化与成矿作用,总结了重点Ⅲ级成矿区带成矿规律,建立了区域成矿模式和成矿谱系;完成了部分全国性、省级(单矿种)志书和普及本,获得了一批地球化学/年代学数据,深化了典型矿床和成矿规律研究,在钨、锡、锰、镍、银、锑矿等重要矿产矿床成因与成矿规律、华南洋构造演化与成矿、前寒武纪成矿等方面取得了一些创新性成果,不仅提升了矿床学理论研究水平,还指导了成矿预测和找矿勘查,普及了矿产知识,实现了边研编、边服务,取得了显著的社会效益。     

中国三叠纪大陆成矿体系

中国三叠纪大陆成矿体系是指在三叠纪(250~205 Ma)时期发生于大陆环境(包括大陆边缘)的成矿作用及其成矿地质要素构成的整体。分布在阿尔泰、北山、华北地块北缘和南缘、辽吉、鄂尔多斯、西南三江、羌塘、上扬子、湘鄂赣、云开-雷琼等矿集区的10多个主要矿床成矿系列(亚系列)可大致构筑起中国三叠纪的大陆成矿体系。相对于燕山期而言,印支期的成矿作用较弱,即使是印支运动强烈的西南三江-松潘甘孜地区已知三叠纪矿产资源尚少,找矿潜力仍然很大,而以往被认为形成于海西期的一些矿床(如阿尔泰的大喀拉苏、小喀拉苏等伟晶岩型稀有金属矿床)或被认为形成于燕山期的一些矿床(如辽吉裂谷带的小佟家堡子金矿和高家堡子银矿),经近年来同位素年代学的研究证明实际上形成于印支期,或者经历了印支旋回的成矿过程。在三叠纪的整个演化历程中,华北与华南两大块体拼合在一起,华北陆块南缘和北缘的拼合带及各类古构造再度活化,成为内生矿产的主要成矿带;华北的鄂尔多斯等大陆盆地及华南的山间小盆地为煤炭、油气、膏盐等沉积矿产的形成创造了条件;西南特提斯构造域的演化经历了从海洋到陆地的构造大变局,尤其是印支运动为中国中生代以来大陆格局的形成起到了重要作用,也为四川盆地等盆山格局的形成及其矿产资源的富集奠定了基础。因此,三叠纪成矿系统不仅可以为构造改造提供综合依据,也可以为成矿预测提供理依据。     

Damage evaluation of soybean chilling injury based on Google Earth Engine (GEE) and crop modelling

Journal of Geographical Sciences - Frequent chilling injury has serious impacts on national food security and in northeastern China heavily affects grain yields. Timely and accurate measures are...     

2020年7月12日河北唐山5.1级地震总结

系统梳理2020年7月12日唐山古冶区5.1级地震前出现的地震活动和地球物理观测等异常,结果如下：①地震活动：震前存在地震平静、小震高频、中等地震成组等中短期异常;②地球物理观测：震前主要为电磁和流体异常,短期异常主要分布在震中100 km范围内;③震后回溯：北京及周边震前存在地震发生率异常,利用其他综合方法主要识别出年尺度异常。此次唐山5.1级地震发生在1976年唐山7.8级地震余震区,而7.8级地震序列地震活动呈非均匀衰减特征。此次唐山5.1级地震震源机制为走滑型破裂,截至7月31日,序列b值为0.70、h值为1.8,序列参数基本正常。综合分析认为,此次地震发生前,地震活动中短期异常较显著,地球物理观测异常占比明显偏低;震前对该区域出现的中期和短期异常有所察觉,但短期异常的预测强度偏低,震后总结时按震前异常预测的地震强度为4—5级,接近实际发生地震的强度。