库区公路岸坡稳定性风险评价基本理论体系

针对目前地质灾害风险分析理论存在的不足,提出了适用于大型线性工程风险分析的线评价的概念。同时,结合对库区公路岸坡这类大型线性工程的稳定性风险研究,提出了库区公路岸坡稳定性风险分析的基本定义,并建立了相应的风险评价理论体系及相关的评价指标体系,从而也补充和完善了目前风险分析理论存在的部分缺陷。     

Cyclic loading test of self-centering precast segmental unbonded posttensioned UHPFRC bridge columns

Three 1/3-scale precast segmental bridge columns, manufactured with ultrahigh-performance fiber-reinforced concrete (UHPFRC) incorporating river sand and coarse aggregate, were tested under cyclic loading. Energy dissipation (ED) bars, embedded in ultrahigh-performance concrete (UHPC) grout, maintained continuous across segment joints and unbonded at the bottom joint. Self-centering prestressing force was provided by unbonded posttensioning (PT) tendons. The research parameters included PT force level and the amount of ED bars. Test results showed that all the specimens exhibited no less than 8% drift capacities, which were remarked with the first fracture of ED bars. No obvious cracking and limited UHPFRC spalling were observed. Both PT force level and the amount of ED bars have notable effects on stiffness, lateral strength, and ductility. Increased PT force may improve ductility with the total axial loading ratio less than 0.08. All PT tendons were elastic and no yield or rupturing was found, but the stress loss was significant. The equivalent unbonded length can be evaluated with 0.007d_bf_y for ED bars embedded in UHPC grout. The rotation of the bottom joint dominated lateral deformation and the contribution of joint sliding can be neglected. The contribution λ_ED of ED bars to lateral strength should be no more than 25% to maintain self-centering capacity.     

矿田尺度成矿规律与成矿系列研究——以湖南水口山为例

水口山矿田位于南岭成矿带的北缘。矿田内矿种多,资源丰富,包括Pb、Cu、Zn、Au(Ag)、U、Cd、In、Mn等。矿床类型以内生矿床为主,还包括不少外生矿床。内生矿床主要包括老鸦巢铅锌金矿、鸭公塘铁铜铅锌(铀)矿、康家湾铅锌银金矿等,主要成矿时代为燕山中期(150～160Ma)。外生矿床包括产于二叠系斗岭组的煤层,龙王山风化壳型金矿等,形成于海西期至喜马拉雅期。在空间上,整个矿田内生多金属矿化类型自西向东以及由深到浅呈现出矽卡岩型—中-低温热液交代充填型—风化壳型的水平和垂向分带特征,成矿元素组合则相应呈现出Fe、Cu、Pb、Zn→Pb、Zn、Au、Ag、U→Pb、Zn、Au(Ag)→Au的递变趋势。水口山(铁铜)铅锌金多金属矿田的形成与矿田内部出露的花岗闪长岩和英安斑岩关系密切。矿田内与燕山期中—酸性(主要为酸性)岩浆作用有关的铜(铁)、铅锌、金、银(铀)多金属成矿作用可总结为水口山式,为华南地区与燕山期中酸性岩浆作用相关的多金属成矿作用的典型代表。根据成矿规律的研究,水口山深部找矿勘查应集中于:①深部—浅部花岗闪长岩体内部斑岩型Cu多金属矿床的勘查;②深部和外围矽卡岩型Fe、Cu...     

滑坡防治工程安全性评价研究

滑坡灾害防治是一门综合性工程,防治工程的安全性取决于滑坡勘察、设计以及施工质量,本文就滑坡治理过程中各阶段易出现的问题予以实例说明,探讨滑坡防治工程中应注意的几个问题,对这些经验教训进行总结,同时强调监测在防治工程中的作用,其对于滑坡防治工程具有一定借鉴意义。     

新疆北准噶尔苦橄岩的发现及其地质意义

在新疆北准噶尔构造带的乔夏哈拉—老山口地区发现了苦橄岩。苦橄岩、苦橄质玄武岩和玄武岩组成的熔岩层厚100～200m。在乔夏哈拉-老山口铁铜矿区,铁铜矿层于苦橄岩层内或其底板产出。苦橄岩SiO2为39.9%～46.78%,9个分析样品平均44.39%;MgO为16.4%～36.67%,平均22.01%;Na2O K2O为0.17%～1.47%,多数小于0.5%,平均0.59%;TiO2为0.28%～0.62%,个别达1.05%,平均0.50%。总体具有低硅、低铝、低钛、低碱、高镁的超镁铁喷出岩特征。其稀土元素总量小于45×10-6,轻稀土略富集,铕低正异常。微量元素Li、Be、U、Rb、Sr、Ba、V、F、Bi、Pb等明显富集,而Ni、Cr、Co和S明显亏损。表明经过一定程度的分异作用,并有上地壳成分的污染。铂族元素含量接近世界其他地区的苦橄岩,具有Pt/Pd<1和贫Os、Ir的特征。     

隧道施工涌水后地下水动态特征分析

在某隧道水文地质条件分析的基础上,通过对地下水位、水量动态长期观测资料的图形处理,分析了隧道开挖涌水后地下水动态特征及其受控机制,并初步评价隧道疏干排水对地下水径流系统的影响,为下一步的某隧道渗流场的研究以及隧道施工防渗排水设计提供了基本水文地质依据。     

河南白石坡银矿区花岗斑岩中锆石的SHRIMP U-Pb年龄及其地质意义

河南罗山县涩港镇白石坡银矿床是大别地区重要的银矿床之一,与区内中生代岩浆活动有着密切的时空、成因联系。本文应用SHRIMP方法对白石坡银矿区花岗斑岩中的锆石进行了U-Pb年龄测定,表明花岗斑岩形成于142.0±4.3Ma,这一年龄与附近花岗岩基及陈棚组火山岩的形成时代一致,反映它们是中生代同一岩浆成岩系统的产物,也记录了与银矿成矿作用有关的岩浆活动的时代。该区斑岩型钼矿、浅成火山热液型(金)银矿及膨润土等非金属矿具有密切成因联系,同属与中生代岩浆活动有关的矿床成矿亚系列。     

我国重要矿产地成岩成矿年代学研究新数据

本文报道了2005年6月至2009年7月间,主要由全国重要矿产和区域成矿规律研究项目组负责完成的145处矿产地同位素年代学测试数据400个。这批数据3/4以上尚未公开发表,在此集中发表,以便于大家使用。这批数据主要是采用目前最新的锆石U-Pb、辉钼矿Re-Os、云母Ar-Ar等方法测定的,所选择的矿产地一部分是新发现的重要矿床(如安徽东源大型钨矿),一部分是无可靠年龄数据的老矿床(如贵州紫木凼大型金矿),还有一部分是对成矿时代存在长期争议的(如云南麻栗坡钨矿),所获得的结果对于典型矿床成因和区域成矿规律的研究提供了新依据,如西藏谢通门雄村铜金矿一批变化于177Ma与170Ma之间成岩、成矿年龄数据的获得,打破了以往冈底斯铜金矿主要形成于新生代的传统认识,对于揭示冈底斯成矿带成矿演化历史和指导找矿意义重大。     

Geologic, fluid inclusion and isotopic characteristics of the Jinding Zn–Pb deposit, western Yunnan, South China: A review

With a reserve of  200 Mt ore grading 6.08% Zn and 1.29% Pb (i.e., a metal reserve of  15 Mt) hosted in Cretaceous and Tertiary terrestrial rocks, the Jinding deposit is the largest Zn–Pb deposit in China, and also the youngest sediment-hosted super giant Zn–Pb deposit in the world. The deposit mainly occurs in the Jinding dome structure as tabular orebodies within breccia-bearing sandstones of the Palaeocene Yunlong Formation (autochthonous) and in the overlying sandstones of the Early Cretaceous Jingxing Formation (allochthonous). The deposit is not stratiform and no exhalative sedimentary rocks have been observed. The occurrence of the orebodies, presence of hangingwall alteration, and replacement and open-space filling textures all indicate an epigenetic origin. Formation of the Jinding Zn–Pb deposit is related to a period of major continental crust movement during the collision of the Indian and Eurasian Plates. The westward thrusts and dome structure were successively developed in the Palaeocene sedimentary rocks in the ore district, and Zn–Pb mineralisation appears to have taken place in the early stage of the doming processes.The study of fluid inclusions in sphalerite and associated gangue minerals (quartz, celestine, calcite and gypsum) shows that homogenisation temperatures ranged from 54 to 309 °C and cluster around 110 to 150 °C, with salinities of 1.6 to 18.0 wt.% NaCl equiv. Inert gas isotope studies from inclusions in ore- and gangue-minerals reveal 2.0 to 15.6% mantle He, 53% mantle Ne and a considerable amount of mantle Xe in the ore-forming fluids. The Pb-isotope composition of ores shows that the metal is mainly of mantle origin, mixed with a lesser amount of crustal lead. The widely variable and negative δ³⁴S values of Jinding sulphides suggest that thermo-chemical or bacterial sulphate reduction produced reduced sulphur for deposition of the Zn–Pb sulphides. The mixing of a mantle-sourced fluid enriched in metals and CO₂ with reduced sulphide-bearing saline formation water in a structural–lithologic trap may have been the key mechanism for the formation of the Jinding deposit.The Jinding deposit differs from known major types of sediment-hosted Zn–Pb deposits in the world, including sandstone-type (SST), Mississippi Valley type (MVT) and sedimentary-exhalative (SEDEX). Although the fine-grained ore texture and high Zn/Pb ratios are similar to those in SEDEX deposits, the Jinding deposit lacks any exhalative sedimentary rocks. Like MVT deposits, Jinding is characterised by simple mineralogy, epigenetic features and involvement of basinal brines in mineralisation, but its host rocks are mainly sandstones and breccia-bearing sandstones. The Jinding deposit is also different from SST deposits with its high Zn/Pb ratios, among other characteristics. Most importantly, the Jinding deposit was formed in an intracontinental terrestrial basin with an active tectonic history in relation to plate collision, and mantle-sourced fluids and metals played a major role in ore formation, which is not the case for SEDEX, MVT, and SST. We propose that Jinding represents a new type of sediment-hosted Zn–Pb deposit, named the ‘Jinding type’.