Geologic, fluid inclusion and isotopic characteristics of the Jinding Zn–Pb deposit, western Yunnan, South China: A review

With a reserve of  200 Mt ore grading 6.08% Zn and 1.29% Pb (i.e., a metal reserve of  15 Mt) hosted in Cretaceous and Tertiary terrestrial rocks, the Jinding deposit is the largest Zn–Pb deposit in China, and also the youngest sediment-hosted super giant Zn–Pb deposit in the world. The deposit mainly occurs in the Jinding dome structure as tabular orebodies within breccia-bearing sandstones of the Palaeocene Yunlong Formation (autochthonous) and in the overlying sandstones of the Early Cretaceous Jingxing Formation (allochthonous). The deposit is not stratiform and no exhalative sedimentary rocks have been observed. The occurrence of the orebodies, presence of hangingwall alteration, and replacement and open-space filling textures all indicate an epigenetic origin. Formation of the Jinding Zn–Pb deposit is related to a period of major continental crust movement during the collision of the Indian and Eurasian Plates. The westward thrusts and dome structure were successively developed in the Palaeocene sedimentary rocks in the ore district, and Zn–Pb mineralisation appears to have taken place in the early stage of the doming processes.The study of fluid inclusions in sphalerite and associated gangue minerals (quartz, celestine, calcite and gypsum) shows that homogenisation temperatures ranged from 54 to 309 °C and cluster around 110 to 150 °C, with salinities of 1.6 to 18.0 wt.% NaCl equiv. Inert gas isotope studies from inclusions in ore- and gangue-minerals reveal 2.0 to 15.6% mantle He, 53% mantle Ne and a considerable amount of mantle Xe in the ore-forming fluids. The Pb-isotope composition of ores shows that the metal is mainly of mantle origin, mixed with a lesser amount of crustal lead. The widely variable and negative δ³⁴S values of Jinding sulphides suggest that thermo-chemical or bacterial sulphate reduction produced reduced sulphur for deposition of the Zn–Pb sulphides. The mixing of a mantle-sourced fluid enriched in metals and CO₂ with reduced sulphide-bearing saline formation water in a structural–lithologic trap may have been the key mechanism for the formation of the Jinding deposit.The Jinding deposit differs from known major types of sediment-hosted Zn–Pb deposits in the world, including sandstone-type (SST), Mississippi Valley type (MVT) and sedimentary-exhalative (SEDEX). Although the fine-grained ore texture and high Zn/Pb ratios are similar to those in SEDEX deposits, the Jinding deposit lacks any exhalative sedimentary rocks. Like MVT deposits, Jinding is characterised by simple mineralogy, epigenetic features and involvement of basinal brines in mineralisation, but its host rocks are mainly sandstones and breccia-bearing sandstones. The Jinding deposit is also different from SST deposits with its high Zn/Pb ratios, among other characteristics. Most importantly, the Jinding deposit was formed in an intracontinental terrestrial basin with an active tectonic history in relation to plate collision, and mantle-sourced fluids and metals played a major role in ore formation, which is not the case for SEDEX, MVT, and SST. We propose that Jinding represents a new type of sediment-hosted Zn–Pb deposit, named the ‘Jinding type’.     

四川石棉县大水沟碲多金属矿床辉碲铋矿研究

四川石棉县大水沟碲多金属矿床是一个以碲为主的矿床。在该矿床中,辉碲铋矿作为一种最主要成矿矿物而大量堆积。化学分析和X射线粉晶衍射测试表明其为标准的辉碲铋矿,晶胞参数a=4.1408-4.5225,c=29.5008-29.6170.铋含量为57.65%-58.68%,碲35.20%-36.4%和硫4.5%-5.36%.另外,辉碲铋矿含有较多的杂质元素铁、铅、硒、锑、金和银,其中硒、金和银含量分别达1600-2600g/t,1.4-10.7g/t和2300-3400g/t.辉碲铋矿的δ³⁴S的变化范围示意出硫来源于地幔。其矿床成因可能与岩浆活动有关。     

新疆北准噶尔苦橄岩的发现及其地质意义

在新疆北准噶尔构造带的乔夏哈拉—老山口地区发现了苦橄岩。苦橄岩、苦橄质玄武岩和玄武岩组成的熔岩层厚100～200m。在乔夏哈拉-老山口铁铜矿区,铁铜矿层于苦橄岩层内或其底板产出。苦橄岩SiO2为39.9%～46.78%,9个分析样品平均44.39%;MgO为16.4%～36.67%,平均22.01%;Na2O K2O为0.17%～1.47%,多数小于0.5%,平均0.59%;TiO2为0.28%～0.62%,个别达1.05%,平均0.50%。总体具有低硅、低铝、低钛、低碱、高镁的超镁铁喷出岩特征。其稀土元素总量小于45×10-6,轻稀土略富集,铕低正异常。微量元素Li、Be、U、Rb、Sr、Ba、V、F、Bi、Pb等明显富集,而Ni、Cr、Co和S明显亏损。表明经过一定程度的分异作用,并有上地壳成分的污染。铂族元素含量接近世界其他地区的苦橄岩,具有Pt/Pd<1和贫Os、Ir的特征。     

粤北大宝山矿区次英安斑岩与铜多金属矿之间关系研究

大宝山是粤北独具特色的铜多金属矿区,其矿床成因一直争议不休。本文在野外工作的基础上,通过对大宝山矿区次英安斑岩的岩石学、地球化学、同位素年代学、锆石微量和矿质迁移定量分析,认为大宝山矿区次英安斑岩是早侏罗世晚期(～175 Ma)沿逆冲推覆构造侵位的次火山岩,并捕获了大量志留纪岩浆锆石。铜多金属矿化具有斑岩型矿床特征,次英安斑岩与灰岩接触时外接触带形成的矽卡岩中赋存块状、层状、似层状矿体;与泥质、长英质岩石接触时,由于外接触带角岩的流体圈闭作用,在岩体内形成了细脉状铜多金属矿化和绢英岩化。大宝山和九曲岭次英安斑岩既是成矿母岩又是有利的赋矿围岩,铜多金属矿的成矿流体是次英安斑岩深部岩浆房晚期去气作用排出的含矿热液,其中富含SiO_2、Fe_2O_3、K_2O、Mo、W、Cu、Rb、Th、U、Bi、Tl、Cs、In、Cd、Be和挥发分等,具有强氧化(Fe³⁺/Fe²⁺平均值为8.55)、高交代参数(K^+/Na^+平均值为56.62)的特征,并于围岩交代过程中,萃取其中的TiO_2、FeO、MnO、CaO、Na_2O、P_2O_5、REE及Sc、Pb、Ba、Sr、Ni、Mn、Zr等。     

河南白石坡银矿区花岗斑岩中锆石的SHRIMP U-Pb年龄及其地质意义

河南罗山县涩港镇白石坡银矿床是大别地区重要的银矿床之一,与区内中生代岩浆活动有着密切的时空、成因联系。本文应用SHRIMP方法对白石坡银矿区花岗斑岩中的锆石进行了U-Pb年龄测定,表明花岗斑岩形成于142.0±4.3Ma,这一年龄与附近花岗岩基及陈棚组火山岩的形成时代一致,反映它们是中生代同一岩浆成岩系统的产物,也记录了与银矿成矿作用有关的岩浆活动的时代。该区斑岩型钼矿、浅成火山热液型(金)银矿及膨润土等非金属矿具有密切成因联系,同属与中生代岩浆活动有关的矿床成矿亚系列。     

滑坡防治工程安全性评价研究

滑坡灾害防治是一门综合性工程,防治工程的安全性取决于滑坡勘察、设计以及施工质量,本文就滑坡治理过程中各阶段易出现的问题予以实例说明,探讨滑坡防治工程中应注意的几个问题,对这些经验教训进行总结,同时强调监测在防治工程中的作用,其对于滑坡防治工程具有一定借鉴意义。     

东秦岭-大别地区中生代与岩浆活动有关钼(钨)金银铅锌矿床成矿系列

根据矿床与有关岩浆岩的时间、空间和成因关系,东秦岭-大别地区的钼（钨）、金、银、铅锌等金属矿床构成一个与中生代岩浆活动有关的矿床成矿系列,并划分出4个矿床成矿亚系列：中晚三叠世与碱性岩有关的钼稀土等矿床成矿亚系列、晚侏罗世-早白垩世与Ⅰ型花岗斑岩有关的钼（钨）银铅锌（金）成矿亚系列、早白垩世与s型花岗岩有关的以金为主的矿床成矿亚系列和早白垩世晚期与铝质A型花岗岩有关的钼铅锌成矿亚系列。4个成矿亚系列的形成构造环境、成矿有关的岩浆岩、成矿的矿产组合及其时空分布具有一定的演化规律。     

石漠化治理对土壤中CO2、CH4变化特征及碳汇效应的影响

为探究石漠化治理对土壤中CO2、CH4变化特征及碳汇效应的影响,采用气相色谱法对重庆市南川石漠化治理示范区土壤中CO2、CH4浓度进行观测,结合土壤温度、土壤含水率、土壤容重和土壤有机碳对石漠化治理区（试验区）和对比区（未经过石漠化治理的荒草地）进行研究,并用溶蚀量数据估算岩溶区碳汇量。结果显示:土壤中CO2浓度随土壤深度的增加先增加后减小,变化范围为393～7 400 mg·L-1;而土壤中CH4浓度随土壤深度的增加先减小后增大,变化范围为1.13～3.42 mg· L-1。试验区土壤中CO2浓度均值为2 131 mg· L-1,CH4浓度均值为1.94 mg· L-1 ;而对比区土壤中CO2浓度均值为2 338 mg· L-1,CH4浓度均值为2.10 mg·L-1。土壤温度、土壤有机碳与土壤中CO2浓度变化趋势呈显著正相关关系,而与土壤中CH4变化趋势呈显著负相关关系,说明土壤温度和土壤有机碳是影响土壤中CO2、CH4浓度的主要因素;土壤温度与土壤中CO2浓度呈正相关关系且相关性随石漠化治理而变弱,说明经过石漠化治理土壤温度对土壤中CO2浓度的影响减弱。试验区岩溶试片溶蚀速率大于对比区,且经过石漠化治理,由岩溶作用产生的碳汇可提高0.66～9.42 t·km-2·a-1 ;说明石漠化治理对于岩溶区碳汇起到了促进作用。      

秦岭地区主要金属矿床成矿系列的划分及区域成矿规律探讨

本文根据我国公路建设项目投资、融资体制改革的发展趋势，阐述了改进公路建设项目可行性研究财务评价工作的重要意义及改进财务评价方法的原则，提出改进财务评价方法的途径。针对当前公路建设项目可行性研究财务评价的现状，提出了财务评价工作应注意几个问题，供有关部门参考。