西藏班公湖—怒江成矿带与邻区铟矿化带的发现及意义

铟是稀散金属元素,在地壳中的含量为0.1×10-6。我国铟的储量居世界第一,广西大厂矿田是我国重要的产铟基地。本文在大量的野外地质调查与室内分析测试与扫描电镜观察等工作的基础上,首次查明了西藏班公湖—怒江成矿带及邻区的铟含量与赋存状态。在铟含量较高的13个矿床(点)中,5个矿床(点)样品铟的平均品位达到伴生工业品位的要求。铟含量高的地质体呈带状展布,为我国一个新的铟矿化带,铟矿物种类为羟铟石、自然铟两种。铟含量较高的样品全部位于矽卡岩型矿床中。班公湖—怒江成矿带铟的矿化时代应为班公湖—怒江洋向南(即冈底斯地块)俯冲使之闭合后碰撞阶段所形成。当雄县拉屋多金属矿床正在开采,其铟含量平均为45.44×10-6,最高为166×10-6,需加强铟资源的评价,提高其资源的综合利用价值。     

不同的边界层参数化方案对江淮一次暴雨过程数值试验研究

利用WRF模式分别耦合YSU、MYJ、ACM2和MRF边界层参数化方案对长江中下游地区2013年7月的一次暴雨个例进行模拟实验。为了检验边界层参数化方案的重要性,研究使用无边界层方案(NOPBL)的WRF模式对这次暴雨进行了模拟。通过与实测数据进行对比和分析,本文检验了这五种不同的实验设计对降水落区、总量、基本气象要素的模拟能力。综合模拟结果表明,不同的边界层参数化方案模拟的结果不同。不论是否使用边界层参数化方案,均能模拟出雨带的基本走向,但不同的方案对降水中心强度及位置的模拟与实况相比有差异。NOPBL产生了最大的偏差,ACM2和MRF次之,MYJ的方案对于小雨与大雨的模拟最优,而YSU对不同强度暴雨模拟的正确率都较高。通过物理量分析对比,MYJ方案较优的原因是:1)风场检测,MYJ方案的模拟结果更接近观测值;2)850 hPa水汽通量散度检测,MYJ方案能够模拟两支水汽输送通道。一支以偏西南风为主,在急流出口区有较强的南风风速辐合,使得从西南方向来的水汽向暴雨区辐合;另一支将偏东水汽向西部输送,保证暴雨区局部辐合。3)垂直速度检测,MYJ,YSU方案模拟的垂直运动中心与降水落区相近,但YSU模拟上升速度偏大,相对而言MYJ方案更合理。     

西藏多不杂斑岩铜矿资源储量数据集

西藏多不杂铜矿是班公湖-怒江成矿带近年来发现的第一个大型斑岩铜矿床。该矿床位于班公湖-怒江缝合带北缘多不杂构造岩浆弧中,形成于早白垩世班公湖-怒江多岛弧-盆系演化时期,成矿年龄为120 Ma,成矿与侵位于早白垩统美日切错组地层中的石英闪长玢岩、花岗闪长斑岩有关。目前已探明铜、金资源量分别为230万吨,92吨,平均品位分别为0.51%、0.2 g/t,已达超大型矿床规模,是国家矿产资源战略储备基地。本数据集是在2005—2010年对该矿区矿产勘查所取得的宝贵数据基础上,开展的数据库建设的成果,采用10个数据表,重点汇集了多不杂铜矿单工程工业矿体和低品位矿体的品位数据及其计算结果,并对与储量计算有关的所有细节性数据做了系统性的归并整理。     

稻麦轮作农田近地层湍流通量计算方案对比研究

稻麦轮作农田是我国典型农田类型,其模拟效果对我国农田气候模拟具有重要参考价值。气候中尺度模拟结果对近地层通量极为敏感,选择合适的通量计算方案对模拟效果至关重要。因此,对比分析稻麦轮作农田下不同的通量计算方案具有重要意义。本文选取了8种具有代表性的近地层湍流通量计算方案,采用寿县国家气候观象台实测资料对比分析了各方案在稻麦轮作农田的计算特征和差异。结果表明,在不同稳定度和不同风速情况下,各方案的误差特征各异。本文基于归一化标准差综合评价了各方案的准确度,总体而言,所有方案的动量通量总体平均归一化平均差为0.536,其中SS14(Sharan和Srivastava,2014年)方案最大为0.575,SS20(Sharan和Srivastava等,2020年)方案最小为0.517;所有方案的感热通量总体平均归一化标准差为0.638,其中GLGS20(Gryanik等,2020年)方案最大为0.871,SS14方案最小为0.476。此外,本研究还给出了稻麦轮作农田不同稳定层结和不同风速情况下各通量计算方案的误差特征。本文的研究结论,可为准确计算近地层湍流通量提供支撑。     

“96.8”暴雨过程中不同尺度系统的相互作用

利用动能方程计算了天气尺度,次天气尺度的动能以及非线性相互作用的动能,分析了“９６．８”暴雨过程强降水时段的主要动力过程,结果表明：在暴雨系统中,存在着天气尺度和次天气尺度系统间的相互作用,天气尺度动能减小,次天气尺度动能增加,即对于次天气尺度系统而言,天气尺度系统是一个动能源,通过非线性相互作用,天气尺度系统把动能传递给次天气尺度系统,使暴雨系统得以发展。     

Relationship Between Fine-Particle Pollution and the Urban Heat Island in Beijing,China: Observational Evidence

Urbanization has led to a significant urban heat island (UHI) effect in Beijing in recent years. At the same time, air pollution caused by a large number of fine particles significantly influences the atmospheric environment, urban climate, and human health. The distribution of fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) concentration and its relationship with the UHI effect in the Beijing area are analyzed based on station-observed hourly data from 2012 to 2016. We conclude that, (1) in the last five years, the surface concentrations of PM_2.5 averaged for urban and rural sites in and around Beijing are 63.2 and 40.7 µg m^?3, respectively, with significant differences between urban and rural sites (ΔPM_2.5) at the seasonal, monthly and daily scales observed; (2) there is a large correlation between ΔPM_2.5 and the UHI intensity defined as the differences in the mean (ΔT_ave), minimum (ΔT_min), and maximum (ΔT_max) temperatures between urban and rural sites. The correlation between ΔPM_2.5 and ΔT_min (ΔT_max) is the highest (lowest); (3) a Granger causality analysis further shows that ΔPM_2.5 and ΔT_min are most correlated for a lag of 1–2 days, while the correlation between ΔPM_2.5 and ΔT_ave is lower; there is no causal relationship between ΔPM_2.5 and ΔT_max; (4) a case analysis shows that downwards shortwave radiation at the surface decreases with an increase in PM_2.5 concentration, leading to a weaker UHI intensity during the daytime. During the night, the outgoing longwave radiation from the surface decreases due to the presence of daytime pollutants, the net effect of which is a slower cooling rate during the night in cities than in the suburbs, leading to a larger ΔT_min.     

Pattern detection in airborne LiDAR data using Laplacian of Gaussian filter

Methods for feature detection in laser scanning data have been studied for decades ever since the emergence of the technology. However, it is still one of the unsolved problems in LiDAR data processing due to difficulty of texture and structure information extraction in unevenly sampled points. The paper analyzes the characteristics of Laplacian of Gaussian (LoG) Filter and its potential use for structure detection in LiDAR data. A feature detection method based on LoG filtering is presented and experimented on the unstructured points. The method filters the elevation value (namely, z coordinate value) of each point by convolution using LoG kernel within its local area and derives patterns suggesting the existence of certain types of ground objects/features. The experiments are carried on a point cloud dataset acquired from a neighborhood area. The results demonstrate patterns detected at different scales and the relationship between standard deviation that defines LoG kernel and neighborhood size, which specifies the local area that is analyzed.     

Temperature coefficient of seawater pH as a function of temperature,pH, DIC and salinity

pH is a measure of the hydrogen ion activity in a solution, which is a function of temperature. Under normal seawater conditions, it is well constrained. Nowadays, with an increasing interest in complex environments(e.g.,sea ice), a better understanding of the temperature change on pH under extreme conditions is needed. The objective of this paper was to investigate the temperature coefficient of the seawater pH(?pH/?T) over a wide range of temperature, pH, dissolved inorganic carbon(DIC) and sa...     

Thermodynamic Characteristics of Tropical Cyclones with Rapid Intensity Change over the Coastal Waters of China

In order to investigate the different thermodynamic mechanisms between rapid intensifying (RI) and rapid weakening (RW) tropical cyclones (TCs), the thermodynamic structures of two sets of composite TCs are analyzed based on the complete-form vertical vorticity tendency equation and the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data. Each composite is composed of five TCs, whose intensities change rapidly over the coastal waters of China. The results show that the maximum apparent heating source Q ₁ exists in both the upper and lower troposphere near the RI TC center, and Q ₁ gets stronger at the lower level during the TC intensification period. But for the RW TC, the maximum Q ₁ exists at the middle level near the TC center, and Q ₁ gets weaker while the TC weakens. The maximum apparent moisture sink Q ₂ lies in the mid troposphere. Q ₂ becomes stronger and its peak-value height rises while TC intensifies, and vice versa. The increase of diabatic heating with height near the TC center in the mid-upper troposphere and the increase of vertical inhomogeneous heating near the TC center in the lower troposphere are both favorable to the TCs’ rapid intensification; otherwise, the intensity of the TC decreases rapidly.     

超强台风桑美(0608)在残涡卷入后突然增强的数值模拟

利用中国气象局整编的CMA-STI热带气旋最佳路径数据集和NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,对2006年超强台风桑美(Saomai)在我国近海的突然增强过程进行诊断分析,结果表明:在Saomai突然增强过程中,总涡度收支在高层首先开始增加,接着中层涡度开始增加并逐渐向低层伸展,当高层涡度由增大转为减小,中低层涡度都转为增大时,Saomai趋于突然增强。在Saomai突然增强过程中,在对流层中低层,涡度平流项贡献最大,这与同期活动在西太平洋洋面上Saomai西侧的热带气旋宝霞(Bopha)有密切联系。进而利用中尺度模式WRF_ARW V 3.3进行数值模拟,结果表明:在Saomai西侧,Bopha的气旋性环流并入Saomai后,Bopha减弱而Saomai突然增强,Bopha残涡(remnant)正涡度带的卷入是Saomai在我国近海突然增强的重要原因。