Characteristics and influencing factors of frontal upwelling in the Yellow Sea in summer

Frontal upwelling is an important phenomenon in summer in the Yellow Sea (YS) and plays an essential role in the distribution of nutrients and biological species. In this paper, a three-dimensional hydrodynamic model is applied to investigate the characteristics and influencing factors of frontal upwelling in the YS. The results show that the strength and distribution of frontal upwelling are largely dependent on the topography and bottom temperature fronts. The frontal upwelling in the YS is stronger and narrower near the eastern coast than near the western coast due to the steeper shelf slope. Moreover, external forcings, such as the meridional wind speed and air temperature in summer and the air temperature in the preceding winter and spring, have certain influences on the strength of frontal upwelling. An increase in air temperature in the previous winter and spring weakens the frontal upwelling in summer; in contrast, an increase in air temperature in summer strengthens the frontal upwelling. When the southerly wind in summer increases, the upwelling intensifies in the western YS and weakens in the eastern YS. The air temperature influences the strength of upwelling by changing the baroclinicity in the frontal region. Furthermore, the meridional wind speed in summer affects frontal upwelling via Ekman pumping.     

华北克拉通南缘大庄铌-稀土矿床地质、地球化学和Sr、Nd、Pb同位素特征

碱性岩型铌-稀土矿床是重要的铌-稀土矿资源类型。河南省方城县大庄铌-稀土矿位于华北克拉通南缘,是近年来新发现的一例赋存于霞石正长岩中的,具有中型规模的碱性岩型矿床。大庄矿区内共圈定17个NW—SE向带状展布的,呈囊状、不规则状、透镜状产出的铌-稀土矿体。铌-稀土矿石主要赋存于角闪霞石正长岩和黑云母正长岩中。矿石矿物主要为烧绿石、氟碳铈镧矿、褐钇铌矿和富铌榍石等。矿石的结构主要有斑状结构、他形粒状结构、半自形粒状结构、包含结构、交代结构、共生结构、伟晶结构等。矿石构造分为块状、脉状和片麻状构造等。热液蚀变包括萤石化、绢云母化、绿帘石化和绿泥石化等。碱性岩样品具有低SiO₂、富碱、高铝的特征,稀土元素总量较高,轻重稀土分异明显,具有明显的负Eu异常,富集Nb、Ta、Th、U、Zr、Hf等高场强元素,明显亏损Ba、Sr、P、Ti等元素。碱性岩全岩(⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_i=0.68158～0.71090,ε_Nd(t)=―1.11～―0.37,两阶段模式年龄(t_DM2     

河南3次重污染天气过程的气象条件诊断及传输影响分析

利用空气质量监测数据、气象常规观测资料、L波段雷达探空资料、EC-Intrim再分析资料和NCEP全球资料同化系统提供的再分析资料,以及HYSPLIT模式模拟结果,分析了2016年12月至2017年1月间发生在河南的3次重污染天气过程的影响范围、气象条件和传输影响等。结果表明,3次过程河南地区均呈现出500 hPa等高线平直、9251000 hPa风垂直切变小和海平面气压场均压等特征。在近地面,3次过程在污染开始和加强时段均有小风和低湿特征,过程临近结束时有大风或增湿出现。前两次污染过程为干霾过程,均因加强的偏西风而结束,但是在结束阶段,相较于第1次过程的西南风,第2次过程的西北风能更快速有效地清除污染物;第3次过程为湿霾(雾、霾混合)过程,因偏东风而结束,但由于偏东风风力较小,对污染物彻底清除能力有限,过程结束后很快出现反复。郑州近地面存在明显逆温和“上干下湿”的层结特征,这种“干暖盖”严重阻碍着空气的对流运动,使近地层的污染物垂直扩散能力变弱,从而导致污染加重。HYSPLIT后向轨迹传输影响显示,第1次过程主要以省外西北路输送为主,后两次过程主要以本省和本地累积为主。     

Advances in the Research of Impact of Decadal Solar Cycle on Modern Climate

Role of solar activity on modern climate change, particularly in the decadal scale is an important scientific issue. This paper reviews the recent observation of decadal solar signal in earth’s climate, with focus on the mechanism of solar radiation, ultraviolet radiation and cosmic rays on climate system ,and its validation. The paper points out that the assessment of uncertainty in observations, amplification process of the climate system, as well as possible future impact of solar extreme events are challenges in the present study. Finally, the keys of breakthrough are pointed, to provide a reference for future research.     

Instability characteristics of the East Asian Monsoon recorded by high-resolution loess sections from the last interglacial (MIS5)

The selection of high-resolution loess sections is needed in order to determine the climatic variability of the East Asian Monsoon during the last interglacial. Two sequences of S1 on the eastern and west-ern sides of the Liupan Mountain were both composed of five paleosol layers and four loess layers,indicating that there were five strong summer monsoon events and four strong winter monsoon events in MIS5. This corresponds with other records of the East Asian Monsoon,along with NGRIP and the North Atlantic records,implying that the climate of the Northern Hemisphere was very instable during the last interglacial. Two layers of paleosols and one layer of loess had developed during MIS5a and MIS5c. Compared with MIS5e,the climate in MIS5a and MIS5c fluctuated more intensively on a millen-nial scale,whereas the climate was relatively stable in MIS5e.     

江苏省近45a极端气候的变化特征

利用江苏省35个测站1960—2004年45 a的逐日最高温度、最低温度、日降水量资料集,分析了近45 a江苏省极端高温、极端低温以及极端降水的基本变化特征。结果表明:(1)多年平均年极端高温的空间分布表现为西高东低,而极端低温则表现为自北向南的显著增加,极端降水的发生频次自南向北逐渐减少;(2)极端高温在江苏中部以及南部大部分地区有上升趋势,而西北地区则有弱的下降趋势;全省极端低温表现为显著的升高趋势;极端降水频次在南部地区有增加的趋势,北部减少趋势,中部则无变化趋势。(3)江苏极端高温、低温和极端降水的年际和年代际变化具有区域性差异,其中极端降水频次变化的区域性差异最为明显。     

翡翠绿色的定量评定

目前对翡翠颜色的定名多以所见实物或多年沿袭下来的俗称以形象描绘。对翡翠颜色的评价则是以“柔和悦目”和“引人喜爱”为标准。本文在前人研究的基础上,以色度学理论为基础,以ＰｈｏｔｏＳｈｏｐ软件为工具,对翡翠绿色定量划分与评定进行初步探讨。１　色度学及ＰｈｏｔｏＳｔｈｏｐ的颜色理论色度学［１］是研究颜色和评价颜色的一门学科。一般选用红、绿、蓝三色作为原色,三原色按不同比例配合成各种颜色。颜色给人的感觉,可因人的主观因素或光源的不同色调叠加而发生变化。但就颜色本身而论,其特征决定于色调（Ｈ）、饱和度（Ｓ…     

贵州威宁麻窝山岩溶盆地沉积物中粘土矿物特征及其古气候指示意义

利用X射线衍射等分析方法,对贵州威宁麻窝山岩溶盆地沉积物中粘土矿物进行研究,获得了粘土矿物的组成、相对含量、结晶度指数、化学指数以及相对含量比值等方面的信息,探讨该盆地的沉积环境演化特征。研究表明,粘土矿物以伊/蒙混层矿物(30%~75%)和绿泥石(10%~45%)为主,高岭石(5%~20%)和伊利石(10%)次之,基本不含蒙脱石。伊/蒙混层矿物和绿泥石含量呈负相关性。高岭石含量在剖面底部较稳定,在484cm上部出现较大的波动。伊利石结晶度和化学指数与伊/蒙混层矿物含量具有较好的正相关性,且在第Ⅰ阶段相对于其它指标较敏感,出现波动。通过综合对比分析,将研究区剖面划分为4个阶段,其是3个冷暖干湿的大循环和若干个小循环气候环境的物质记录。     

我国固沙植物引种的历史及展望

本文通过对我国固沙植物引种工作近三十五年历史的回顾,总结了工作取得的成就,其中包括:发掘野生固沙植物资源和引进国外固沙植物的概况.选引的固沙植物在我国沙漠改造利用和沙漠化防治工作中所起的作用,固沙植物引种驯化的理论和方法,并根据上述工作基础,对引种机构、研究水平和深度,以及研究内容等方面的发展进行了预测。     

隧道衬砌空洞探地雷达图谱正演模拟研究

探地雷达作为一种高效、先进的无损检测设备,能够对隧道衬砌实施连续扫描,实时获得雷达图谱。然而,由于探地雷达在我国的应用时间还非常短暂以及雷达图谱的复杂性,隧道衬砌空洞探地雷达图谱的辨识还存在一定的问题。据此,通过不同环境的试验得到空洞雷达图谱特征,并利用二维时域有限差分法对衬砌空洞雷达图谱进行正演模拟。采用VC++语言编写探地雷达正演模拟程序,对隧道衬砌检测中常见的几种空洞模型进行正演模拟,得出模拟波形和图谱,并与实测隧道衬砌空洞的探地雷达波形和图谱进行对比。结果表明,模拟图谱与实测结果相似,具有较明显的空洞特征。良好的结果也验证了二维时域有限差分法（2D-FDTD）正演模拟的可行性。