机载扫描激光地面测绘系统分析

本文根据机载扫描激光地面测绘系统的功能和要求，分析了它的工作原理，概括出该系统中扫描激光测距的特点，介绍了一种最新的机载扫描激光地面测绘系统，最后提出了几个需要继续研究的问题     

An analysis of the drought in Yunnan, China, from a perspective of society drought severity

Drought disaster management entails not only understanding meteorological drought as a natural hazard but also evaluating the adverse societal impacts related to the economy and human lives. For the purpose of quantifying the drought severity from the perspective of society drought, a drought index, namely “Society Drought Severity Index” (SDSI), was put forward to analyze the drought in Yunnan Province of China. In SDSI for Yunnan, the drought severity was represented by the weighted discrepancy between the “appropriate” water needs and the total available water resources, inspired by the established Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI). Technically, the trend in historical water consumption records in agricultural, industrial, and domestic sectors was applied to represent the appropriate water needs; an apparent “runoff” was used to represent the available water resource in Yunnan. The SDSI of Yunnan revealed a trend toward increasing drought severity, which resulted from a combination of meteorological changes and water needs escalation. Moreover, the spatial center of the 2010 drought in Yunnan based on SDSI was different from that identified by PDSI, which exactly reflected the influence of water needs on drought severity. The SDSI was deemed to be a beneficial tool for drought disaster management and drought risk governance.     

Histological and Histochemical Analyses of the Cuttlebone Sac of the Golden Cuttlefish Sepia esculenta

The secretion function of mantle is closely related to shell formation in some bivalves and gastropods. Up to now, few researches have been reported for cuttlebone formation in the class Cephalopoda. In this study, the structure and secretion function of cuttlebone sac of the golden cuttlefish Sepia esculenta was analyzed using the histological and histochemical methods. The results showed that high and columnar cells located in sac epithelium, and flat cells existed near the base membrane. A lot of fibroblasts were found in the lateral mantle collective tissue. Some mucus, mucopolysaccharide and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were found in the sac. The ultrastructural characteristics of Quasi-connective-tissue-calcium cells (QCTCC) were observed using a transmission electron microscope (TEM). The relationship between cuttlebone sac secretion function and shell formation was discussed.     

2011—2012年近海北上热带气旋对山东半岛风雨影响的分析

通过对2011年5号热带风暴“米雷”、9号强热带风暴“梅花”和2012年15号台风“布拉万”共3个近海北上热带气旋的对比分析发现,这类热带气旋给山东半岛造成的影响表现出“先雨后风”的特点。在近海北上热带气旋的影响下,山东半岛的降水基本呈东西向阶梯型分布,同量级的雨带基本呈南北向分布,某地区降水的起止时间、降水量峰值和风速极值的出现时段与热带气旋距该地的距离有一定的对应关系。热带气旋中心位置越过30°N和到达距某地区最近距离的时间对该地降雨的起止时间、降雨峰值和风速极值出现的时段具有一定的指示意义。     

Distribution patterns of benthic diatoms during summer in the Niyang River, Tibet, China

The aim of this study was to investigate the distribution, density, community structure and biodiversity characteristics of benthic diatoms, and to analyze whether differences in species composition and abundance exist in different regions of the Niyang River, Tibet. Among the 157 taxa observed in 15 sampling sites in the main river and tributary, most were casual species (>100), the relative abundance of the genera Achnanthes and Fragilaria was 67% of the total relative abundance. Achnanthes minutissima was the most important species and dominated the whole river reaches (average relative abundance was 30%); the average diatom densities were 7.4 × 10⁵ cell/cm² at all sites, and increased slowly from the upper section to downriver. The significant indicator taxa with higher relative abundance were Achnanthes biasolettiana (18.0%) and Fragilaria arcus (18.2%), Fragilaria capucina var. vaucheriae (31.2%), Fragilaria construens var. venter (11.3%) and Cymbella affinis (11.0%) in the upper, tributary and mid-river sections, respectively. Achnanthes minutissima was the most abundant species (56%) in the downriver section. Biodiversity indices showed a gradual decrease from the up- to down-river section, and dominant species were more abundant in the upper and mid-river sections than in the downriver section. A two-way indictor species analysis (TWINSPAN) of diatom composition clearly showed four different groups, namely the upper, mid, lower and tributary sections. Detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) supported the results of TWINSPAN, and the characteristics of site distribution and species composition in the Niyang River supported the spatial structure of diatom assemblages. This study indicates that bio-assessment programs utilizing benthic diatoms could clearly benefit lotic water with regional stratification.     

Dynamic process simulation with a Savage-Hutter type model for the intrusion of landslide into river

Natural damming of rivers by mass movements is a very common and potentially dangerous phenomena which has been documented all over the world. In this paper, a two-layer model of Savage-Hutter type is presented to simulate the dynamic procedure for the intrusion of landslide into rivers. The two-layer shallow water system is derived by depth averaging the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations with the hydrostatic assumption. A high order accuracy scheme based on the finite volume method is proposed to solve the presented model equations. Several numerical tests are performed to verify the realiability and feasibility of the proposed model. The numerical results indicate that the proposed method can be competent for simulating the dynamic process of landslide intrusion into the river. The interaction effect between both layers has a significant impact on the landslide movement, water fluctuation and wave propagation.     

格尔木地磁台观测环境测试与分析

通过实验测试和计算,分析了高压输出电线等干扰源对格尔木地磁台观测环境的影响,进一步对格尔木地磁台观测环境现状,及今后观测环境保护工作的要点进行了综合分析讨论。     

保靖葫芦磷矿床地质特征及矿床成因

葫芦磷矿床位于古丈背斜南西端,含磷岩系赋存于震旦系陡山沱组下部,总厚度10m、分为A—B—C—D—E—F沉积序列。矿体呈层状,产状稳定,平均厚1m。P_2O_5平均品位氧化矿石为27％;原生矿石为20％,主要由胶磷矿(氟磷灰石)和隐晶石英、以及有机碳和黄铁矿组成。磷矿形成于陆棚至陆坡的静水环境。成矿物质来自海底岩石溶解、地壳深部、海底火山和海洋生物的磷质,它们在盆地中浓缩,在化学和生物化学作用下,磷质局部富集、沉淀成矿。矿床被认为是化学和生物化学沉积成因。     

辽宁庄河鞍子山超单元岩浆就位机制

鞍子山超单元由４个单元组成,各单元中的叶理极发育,闪长质包体强烈压扁,钾长石斑晶定向排列,以上三者均平行于剪切带分布。由早期到晚期具有叶理构造减弱,包体数量减少,压扁程度降低,斑晶定向逐渐消失的变化趋势。包体应变指数Ｋ值为０＜Ｋ＜１,属于压扁型椭球体。根据包体旋转指向和定向薄片资料分析,鞍子山超单元主要受北东向吴炉—郑家山—上腰岭左旋剪切带的控制,属于楔形侵入膨胀式就位机制的产物。