Elemental (C,N, H and P) and stable isotope (δ<Superscript>15</Superscript>N and δ<Superscript>13</Superscript>C) signatures in sediments from Zeekoevlei,South Africa: a record of human intervention in the lake

We used elemental carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and hydrogen ratios (C/N, N/P and H/C) with total organic carbon (TOC) and total phosphorus (TP) as well as stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes (δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N) to investigate the source and depositional conditions of organic matter in sediments from Zeekoevlei, the largest freshwater lake in South Africa. Typical C/N (10–12), H/C ratios (≥1.7) and δ¹³C_organic values (−22 to −19‰) together with the increase in TOC concentration indicate elevated primary productivity in lower middle (18–22 cm) and top (0–8 cm) sections of the sediment cores. Seepage of nutrients from a nearby waste water treatment plant, rapid urbanization and heavily fertilized farming in the catchments are responsible for the increased productivity. Consistent with this, measured δ¹⁵N_organic values (∼11‰) indicate increased raw sewage input towards the top-section of the core. Although cyanobacterial blooms are evident from the low δ¹⁵N values (∼3‰) in mid-section of the core, they did not outnumber the phytoplankton population. Low N/P ratio (∼0) and high TP (100–2,200 mg l⁻¹) support cyanobacterial growth under N limited condition, and insignificant input of macrophytes towards the organic matter pool. Dredging in 1983, caused sub-aerial exposure of the suspended and surface sediments, and affected organic matter preservation in the upper mid-section (12–14 cm) of the core.     

An integrated approach for ground water investigation in part of Fatehpur Sikri of district agra-a case study

The Fatehpur Sikri area infringing the western UP, Rajasthan border was investigated for its water supply crisis in respect of poor quality and quantity as well. The study has indicated presence of two parallel quartz reefs running in NE-SW direction. Geohydrological and photogeological studies have revealed the possibility of subsurface extension of quartz reefs. However, this weathered area along reefs is promising water bearing zone. Paleo channels are also marked during studies and the area found suitable for ground water exploitation. A map showing various categories is also presented.     

BCC_AVIM陆面过程模式冻融过程参数化的改进与检验

In this paper, considering the importance of the freezing-thawing process to the land-atmosphere interaction, and referring to the research and works on the parameterization scheme of the freeze-thaw process by domestic and foreign scholars, the parameterization scheme of the freezing-thawing process of the BCC_AVIM land surface process model is improved and vitrificated. The improvements mainly include:(1)adding the concept of supercooled water, improving soil freezing judgment conditions and updating standards for ice content;(2)adding the concept of equilibrium temperature to replace the constant freezing temperature in the original scheme;(3)Adding the impermeable fraction in hydraulic conductivity’s parameterization scheme. The modified and original schemes were used to simulate the two freeze-thaw processes of Maqu Station in 2018-2019 and 2019-2020 respectively. Comparing with the original scheme during the freezing and thawing process, it is found that modified scheme(1)increase the simulation of temperature in the frozen state, also reduce the temperature’s amplitude, and change the trend closer to the measurement data;(2)increase the simulation of water content in the frozen state, and the trend of water content of modified scheme has a better correlation with the measurement data;(3)delay the date of ice generation in the soil, advance the melting date of ice, and decrease the simulation of maximum ice content;(4)The simulation of the transition date at each stage of the freeze-thaw process is closer to the actual measurement;(5)The new scheme has a better simulation improvement effect for strong freeze-thaw years than weak freeze-thaw years. © 2022 Authors. All rights reserved.     

在Google Earth平台上的虚拟社区构建

介绍虚拟现实技术及其在GIS中的应用,并采用Google Earth作为平台,利用已有数据资料进行虚拟社区的构建,并借助Google Earth进行发布,初步实现了相关功能,在一定程度上实现了虚拟现实技术与传统地理信息的结合。     

平衡施肥对棉麦套作中小麦生长发育的影响

根据田间区试结果,分析了有机肥与氮磷钾化肥配施对棉麦套作中小麦生物产量和经济产量的构成因素、养分含量及吸收量的影响,结果表明:有机肥与化肥配施能显著提高小麦的生物产量和经济产量,且以中肥最为适宜;增施氮磷钾肥能提高小麦各生育期养分含量和吸收积累量,并且还能增加旗叶的叶面积和叶绿素含量.小麦营养生殖并重时期(拔节至孕穗期),对养分的需求量大,此时土壤中足够的养分,可为小麦高产优质奠定营养基础,此期也是小麦平衡施肥的关键时期.     

Stability of richterite50-tremolite50 solid solution at high pressures and possible presence of sodium calcic amphibole under upper mantle conditions

High pressure experiments have been made on the stability of richterite₅₀-tremolite₅₀ solid solution by the piston-cylinder type high pressure apparatus in the pressure range from 15 to 40 kb, at temperatures from 700 to 1150°C. This amphibole is stable up to 40 kb at 700°C, and the breakdown pressure gradually decreases with increasing temperatures. It is suggested that this amphibole, on the basis of high pressure experiments, may occur in the upper mantle.     

Phase Shift between Changes in Global Temperature and Atmospheric CO2 Content under External Emissions of Greenhouse Gases into the Atmosphere

Izvestiya, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics - The phase shift between changes in the global surface temperature Tg and atmospheric CO2 content $${{q}_{{{\text{C}}{{{\text{O}}}_{2}}}}}$$ has been...     

On the Distance Function Between Two Keplerian Elliptic Orbits

The problem of finding critical points of the distance function between two Keplerian elliptic orbits is reduced to the determination of all real roots of a trigonometric polynomial of degree 8. The coefficients of the polynomial are rational functions of orbital parameters. Using computer algebra methods we show that a polynomial of a smaller degree with such properties does not exist. This fact shows that our result cannot be improved and it allows us to construct an optimal algorithm to find the minimal distance between two Keplerian orbits. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

On the collapse of a vertical packet of mixed patches. Laboratory and field studies

Visualization of a collapsing vertical packet of patches in a laboratory experiment and the results of acoustical sounding under field conditions allowed us to discriminate the stage of its evolution which was previously unknown. It is defined by the variations of the horizontal dimensions of patches and their effective scattering surface with a period ofT=150–250/N, whereN is the Brunt-Väisälä frequency. The horizontal dimensions of patches can reach 40% of their final dimensions at the evolution stage discriminated.Translated by Mikhail M. Trufanov.     

Petrography and geochemistry of clastic sedimentary rocks as evidences for provenance of the Lower Cambrian Lalun Formation, Posht-e-badam block, Central Iran

Petrography and geochemistry (major, trace and rare earth elements) of clastic rocks from the Lower Cambrian Lalun Formation, in the Posht-e-badam block, Central Iran, have been investigated to understand their provenance. Petrographical analysis suggests that the Lalun conglomerates are dominantly with chert clasts derived from a proximal source, probably chert bearing Precambrian Formations. Similarly, purple sandstones are classified as litharenite (chertarenite) and white sandstones as quartzarenite types. The detrital modes of purple and white sandstones indicate that they were derived from recycled orogen (uplifted shoulders of rift) and stable cratonic source. Most major and trace element contents of purple sandstones are generally similar to upper continental crust (UCC) values. However, white sandstones are depleted in major and trace elements (except SiO₂, Zr and Co) relative to UCC, which is mainly due to the presence of quartz and absence of other Al-bearing minerals. Shale samples have considerably lower content in most of the major and trace elements concentration than purple sandstones, which is possibly due to intense weathering and recycling. Modal composition (e.g., quartz, feldspar, lithic fragments) and geochemical indices (Th/Sc, La/Sc, Co/Th, Cr/Th, Cr/V and V/Ni ratios) of sandstones, and shales (La/Sc and La/Cr ratios) indicate that they were derived from felsic source rocks and deposited in a passive continental margin. The chondrite-normalized rare earth element (REE) patterns of the studied samples are characterized by LREE enrichment, negative Eu anomaly and flat HREE similar to an old upper continental crust composed chiefly of felsic components in the source area. The study of paleoweathering conditions based on modal composition, chemical index of alteration (CIA), plagioclase index of alteration (PIA) and A–CN–K (Al₂O₃ − CaO + Na₂O − K₂O) relationships indicate that probably chemical weathering in the source area and recycling processes have been more important in shale and white sandstones relative to purple sandstones. The results of this study suggest that the main source for the Lalun Formation was likely located in uplifted shoulders of a rifted basin (probably a pull-apart basin) in its post-rift stage (Pan-African basement of the Posht-e-badam block).