Implications of the colour distribution in the galaxy M82

Photographic measurements of the colour distribution in the irregular galaxy M82 are presented and interpreted in terms of a model of that galaxy. Two alternative models are discussed. In the first the galaxy consists of a disc of highly reddened OB-stars, whose scattered light is also seen in the halo, and a bulge of less reddened A—F stars. The direction of the inclination of the system, as inferred from this model, is opposite to that of LYNDS and SANDAGE (1963). The alternative inclination (second model) may possibly be preserved if one assumes a central dust ellipsoid reemitting scattered light from a central source of OB stars. If the velocities of the line emitting material refer to scattering particles, an inward motion of them is more probable than an outward one, irrespectively of the model, and the (dust) halo of the galaxy is probably contracting.     

Minimum on the light curve of the classical symbiotic star AS 338 in 1999

We present our UBVRI photometry and spectroscopy of AS 338 performed in 1999–2000. Another eclipse of the hot component in this symbiotic binary system, the deepest one ever observed, occurred in September 1999. The U brightness declined by ～2^m, the Hβflux decreased by a factor of ～2.3, and the [O III]γ5007 flux did not change. The hot component is eclipsed at orbital phases ?≈0.045–0.057. The U-B color index begins to appreciably fluctuate during an eclipse of the hot component and its circumstellar envelope. About 100 days after a strong outburst of 1995, the mean UBV brightness of AS 338 declined linearly in the ensuing five years at the same rate in all bands (ΔU/Δt≈10^?3 mag/day). The brightness of the outer, uneclipsed parts of the circumstellar envelope also decreased, which is attributable to a reduction in the luminosity of the hot component against the rise in its temperature. The appearance of He II lines has not yet been recorded, though the optical brightness of AS 338 has already dropped by ～2^m after the outburst.     

Reconstructions of the Mesozoide structures in the eastern Amur-Okhotsk fold system, Far East

The late Jurassic reconstruction for the Ul’ban synclinorium was proposed based on the lithological and structural similarity of the Upper Permian and Mesozoic complexes of the Yankan-Dzhagdy and Ul’ban lithotectonic zones of the Amur-Okhotsk fold system. It was suggested that the Un’ya-Bom subzone of the Yankan-Dzhagdy LTZ is a fragment of the Ul’ban synclinorium (including its eastern centroclinal closure) that was detached and westward displaced (for 400–600 km) in the first half of the Cretaceous.     

Deterministic approach to the problem of reliability in interpretation results of gravimetric data

A method for comparative estimation of reliability in detection of gravity anomaly sources in indicated fragments of studied geological space is given. The possibility of creation of this estimation is connected with disparate ideas on different peculiarities of the structure of studied geological space and noise characteristics in observed fields. The model example and results of practical problem solution are viewed.     

The boundary integral calculations of the forward problem for D.C. sounding and MMR methods for a 3-D body near a vertical contact

Summary The paper presents comprehensive theory based on the boundary integral method for calculations of the electric potential, electric field and corresponding magnetic field due to a pair of D.C. source electrodes near a vertical resistivity contact in the halfspace, indlucing a 3-D disturbing body in the vicinity of the contact. Special attention is paid to the case when the disturbing body touches the vertical contact. Results of numerical calculations are presented in the form of sounding curves and a set of isoline graphs for potential, components of the electric and magnetic field (total and anomalous) on the surface of the Earth. It is shown that the presence of the disturbing body at the contact is most pronounced in the electrical characteristics. Anomalies in the magnetic field are small in comparison to the field due to the electric current in the electrode cable and primary currents flowing from the electrodes.     

Mathematical modeling of membrane polarization occurring in rocks due to applied electrical field

Membrane polarization occurs in sediments with different surface area of capillaries (pores) and is regarded as a slow type of polarization. This phenomenon is the foundation of the well known methods of induced polarization (IP): time domain and frequency domain induced polarization. The characteristic parameters of induced polarization which are required for studying physical properties of rocks are measured in the laboratory. Data measured in the laboratory confirmed the distinctions of IP processes at time-on and time-off. Additionally linear dependence of voltage and applied current is not always observed. This paper presents the first step of studying: theoretical consideration for time-on and mathematical modeling of membrane polarization, ion concentrations of electrolyte in the pores of different models of pores space, and arising voltage. The problem of concentration of ions along the pores can be solved using the diffusion equation with specified initial and boundary conditions. Reduced boundary conditions for time-on show that transient concentrations at the boundaries are linear with time. It allows obtaining the analytical solution for this equation. Mathematical modeling has been performed for different combinations of pores. It is shown that if electrical current flows from the pores with greater transfer numbers to the pores with smaller transfer numbers, an excess of ions will be observed at this boundary. If the difference of transfer numbers is negative, there is a decrease in the concentration of ions at the vicinity of the boundary. This decrease will continue until the concentration at this boundary reaches zero. In this case the galvanic chain will be interrupted and electrical current flowing through the sample does not penetrate to this cell. The duration of the process of ions distribution in the pore and time of blockage t ₀ is proportional to the radii of contacted pores and inversely proportional to the transfer number difference and square of the current flowing through this cell. It was shown by both laboratory measurement and field processes that induced polarization relates to low porous rocks with small transfer number differences.