副热带海域的海洋加热异常及其对副高的影响

海洋在天气、气候及大气环流变化过程中起着重要作用,海洋热源的异常分布是造成长期天气异常的重要原因。海洋对大气的作用主要是通过海气界面的热量交换来实现的，因此,直接运用海气热量交换来考虑海洋对大气的加热作用,分析海洋加热异常对长期天气、气候及大气环流的影响,具有更明确的物理意义。 西北太平洋副热带高压是造成我国旱、涝及天气变化的主要副热带天气系统,对我国夏季气温、雨带位置及强度影响很大。西北太平洋中、低纬副热带地区是海洋向大气提供热量和水汽较多的地区,也是海气相互作用最强烈的海域,这一地区的海洋加热对西北太平洋副热带高压的变化将有直接影响。本文分析了冬季西北太平洋副热带海域海洋加热主要场的分布特征,指出了海洋加热与西北太平洋副热带高压的关系。结果表明,冬季该海域海洋加热较常年偏多时,冬、春至初夏副高偏弱,位置偏东、南(6月副高脊线位置除外);反之,海洋加热较常年偏少时,副高偏强,位置偏西、北(6月副高脊线位置除外)。该海域海洋加热对副热带地区大气环流,尤其是副热带高压环流的变化有着重要作用。本结果对预测西北太平洋副热带高压的变化,研究中纬度海洋加热对西北太平洋副热带高压及其大气环流的影响有十分重要的意义。     

长江口及济州岛邻近海域温、盐、密度的跃层现象

本文根据CTD观测资料,分析了研究海区的温、盐、密度跃层的分布与变化,讨论了逆温逆盐层的分布区域,并从跃层角度出发,分析了深层水的涌升,黄海冷水团的上边界以及台湾暖流在东海北部的影响范围。     

藻体海水培养液中铜的化学存在形式

采用金属络合物通式模型,在IBM-PC计算机上计算了不同pH(7.5～9.5)、碱度(2.3～2.5mmol dm~(-3))和加入不同浓度的铜离子(1.0×10~(-4)～1.0mg dm~(-3))条件下,海水培养液中铜的主要化学存在形式分配的百分数。还给出了计算机程序框图和主要化学存在形式含量的百分数随pH、碱度和铜浓度变化图。     

中国对虾体内20-羟基蜕皮酮含量与生长和性腺发育的关系

应用放射免疫分析法对完成变态后的中国对虾(Penaeus orientalis)体内20-羟基蜕皮酮(20-HE)含量进行了周年测定。5～6月,全虾抽提液中20-HE的质量分数以体长为0.8cm的仔虾为最高(47.96±3.94)×10~(-9)(m/m)。血淋巴中20-HE的质量浓度在6～8月(平均为22.66ng/mL)和11月(25.93±3.44ng/mL)较高,翌年3月最低,为8.29±1.40ng/mL。呈现出20-HE含量与蜕皮生长和促进卵母细胞早期发育及精子发生有关。     

Numerical Simulation of Multi-Directional Random Seas

Multi-directional irregular waves are simulated on the basis of the given directional spectrum using a double summation model, a single direction per frequency model and a single summation model. Their results are compared. It is shown that the single direction per frequency model proposed in this paper can generate a realistic wave field. The effects of the model parameters on the simulated results are also studied in this paper and corresponding suggestions are given.     

Overtopping Discharge of Wind-Waves on Simple Slope Dikes

An empirical formula for estimating the overtopping discharge of wind-waves on a smooth-impermeable-simple slope dyke is derived through model tests in this paper, it can be adopted by related design departments in the determination of the crest elevation of the dyke.     

条斑紫菜(Porphyra Yezoensis Ueda)和孔石莼(Ulve Pertusa Kjellm)对酸耐受力的研究——Ⅰ.pH对条斑紫菜和孔石莼呼吸强度和致死酸度试验

不同pH海水和不同时间处理紫菜、石莼对呼吸强度和致死酸度试验结果表明,紫菜比石莼耐酸力强。在海水温度为18℃条件下,分别用pH_2、pH_3、pH_4、pH_5、pH_6、pH_7、pH_8处理,处理时间20分钟,紫菜除pH_2处理对呼吸强度有抑制作用和培养5天后有20％死亡外,pH_3、pH_4、pH_5、pH_6、pH_7、pH_8各组处理对呼吸强度都有促进作用,培养5天后没有死亡现象,而石莼经pH_2、pH_3处理,对呼吸强度都有抑制作用,培养5天后,pH_2处理组全部死亡,pH_3处理有50％死亡。pH_3和pH_4在海水温度为18℃条件下,处理时间为40分钟时,对紫菜呼吸强度有促进作用,培养5天报,pH_3处理组仅有20％死亡。而pH_3对石莼呼吸强度有抑制作用,培养5天后,全部灭亡。在生产上是否可以考虑用pH_3的海水处理紫菜网帘以达到消除石莼(杂藻)的目的,将是一项具有生产意义的待试验课题。     

Practical implementation of Hilbert-Huang Transform algorithm

Hilbert-Huang Transform (HHT) is a newly developed powerful method for nonlinear and non-stationary time series analysis. The empirical mode decomposition is the key part of HHT, while its algorithm was protected by NASA as a US patent, which limits the wide application among the scientific community. Two approaches, mirror periodic and extrema extending methods, have been developed for handling the end effects of empirical mode decomposition. The implementation of the HHT is realized in detail to widen the application. The detailed comparison of the results from two methods with that from Huang et al. (1998, 1999), and the comparison between two methods are presented. Generally, both methods reproduce faithful results as those of Huang et al. For mirror periodic method (MPM), the data are extended once forever. Ideally, it is a way for handling the end effects of the HHT, especially for the signal that has symmetric waveform. The extrema extending method (EEM) behaves as good as MPM, and it is better t     

斜坡提砌石护面厚度的计算

介绍了斜坡式防波堤砌石护面中的插砌条石和干砌块石在波浪作用下的力学图式及作用机理 ,重点给出考虑摩擦力作用时的砌石块体稳定厚度的计算公式 ,并结合工程实例验证了公式的适用性     

Effects of chemical ecological adjustment and control experiment on phytoplankton community in the Aoshan Bay

There is a low nutrient level in the Aoshan Bay. In June 1999, the chemical adjustmentand control experiment was made in the Aoshan Bay. Following tracts investigation was carried out before the experiment and on the 1st, 2nd, 4th, 5th, 6th and 45th day/after the experiment. While the variance of amount of phytoplankton, the replacement of superior species and the species composition of phytoplankton were researched. The results show that the amount of phytoplankton in the Aoshan Bay rises gradually after the experiment. Ceratium macroceros Cleve of pyrophyta was the dominant species before the experiment, its dominant index was 37.7％. Six days after the experiment, its dominant index dropped to 17.6％ . Meanwhile the dominant index of Asterionella japanics Cleve rose from 7.1％ to 39.2％ , it became the first dominant species. Forty-five days after the experiment, the amount of phytoplankton in the Aoshan Bay was 5.15 to 137.32 times more than that in 1997.