Mineralogical and geochemical features of authigenic carbonates on seepings and hydrothermal fields (By the examples of the Black Sea reefs and the mounds of the lost city field)

Two genetically different types of authigenic carbonate mounds are studied: those within an active hydrothermal field related to serpentinite protrusions in the zone of intersection of a transform fracture zone and the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, and those in an active field of methane seepings in the Dnieper canyon of the Black sea. The general geochemical conditions under which authigenic carbonate formation occurs in the two fields considered were found. They include the presence of reduced H₂S, H₂, and CH₄ gases at the absence of free oxygen; the high alkalinity of the waters participating in the carbonate formation; the similarity of the textural and structural features of authigenic aragonite, which represents the initial mineral of the carbonate matter of the mounds; the paragenesis of aragonite with sulfide minerals; and the close relation of carbonate mounds with communities of sulfate-reducing and methane-oxidizing microorganisms. A new mechanism of formation of hydrothermal authigenic carbonates is suggested; it implies their microbial sulfate reduction over the hydrogen of the fluid in the subsurface zone (biosphere) of mixing between the hydrothermal solution and the adjacent seawater.     

The stimulation on shedding reactions of sea urchins by K+ and Li+ immersion

INTRODUCTION Sea urchin is a marine animal of economic value. The gonad of Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus A. Agassiz and Anthocidaris crassispina A. Agassiz may be offered as food and medicine, the sea urchin shell may be used as fertilizer and artware and moreover, the sea urchin eggs are important materials for the studies in embryology and molecular biology. With the increasing exportation of sea urchins in China, the natural resources are gradually decreasing. In order to satisfy people's growing needs of sea     

河流对江苏海岸发育的影响

本文论述了江苏海岸发育的过程,探讨了长江、黄河、淮河等较大河流对海岸发育的影响。河流不仅能为海岸形态的塑造提供极为重要的物质基础,而且对于形成过程中的海洋动力作用产生一定影响。     

波纹巴非蛤Paphia undulata精子发生的超微结构

本文在超微结构水平上,研究波纹巴非蛤精子发生过程中细胞形态结构的变化和细胞器的演变规律,以及成熟精子的形态结构。观察到精细胞核形态变化的特点和线粒体演变过程。尤其是精细胞变态过程中顶体的形成和中心体的移动。精子为典型的初生型。本文还讨论了双壳类成熟精子核型变化的种属间的差异。     

近海污损生物的调查方法

近海海区污损生物调查有浮标挂板法和海上设施（浮标及其锚碇系统，Ｍａｒｅｘ水文浮标，移动式钻井平台和固定式生产平台）采样法。由于近海海区污损生物调查工作的特殊性和艰难性，笔者提出了利用已有的海上设施，尤其是固定式平台来积累近海污损生物资料，以便进行生态学研究。     

羊栖菜茎部愈伤组织再生苗的解剖学研究

利用石蜡切片法对羊栖菜纵裂主枝上愈伤组织再生苗的发生过程进行了形态解剖学观察。发现此种成苗方式是在主枝 (茎 )或假根处由外皮层分裂形成愈伤组织 ,再由愈伤组织分化成苗的一种无性繁殖方式。愈伤组织形成再生苗有望成为羊栖菜人工养殖种苗的来源之一。     

Sedimentary characteristics and the implications of cobalt-rich crusts resources at Caiwei Guyot in the Western Pacific Ocean

Abstract

Cobalt-rich crust has attracted increased attention due to their economic value. Studies have indicated that seamounts in the Western Pacific Ocean are rich in cobalt-rich crust resources. The Caiwei Guyot in Western Pacific Ocean is one of the cobalt-rich crust exploration areas contracted between China and the International Seabed Authority. A large volume of research has been conducted to elucidate the tectonic evolution, basement type, sediment type, gravity and magnetic anomaly characteristics, and geochemical characteristics of shallow surface sediments at Caiwei Guyot. However, a research gap exists on the sedimentary strata below the pelagic deposits and above the volcanic basement of the Caiwei Guyot. This paper summarizes that two main types of sediments existing on the top of Caiwei Guyot. The deposition thickness on the top of Caiwei Guyot is characterized by three sedimentary centers and exposed periphery. Pelagic sediments are difficult to form at the northeastern portion and edge area of Caiwei Guyot due to the strong bottom current environment, which makes these areas suitable for crust growth. This paper delineated three cobalt-rich crust prospective areas at the Caiwei Guyot with of significant implications for exploration and mining-lease-block selections at Caiwei Guyot.     

近1300年来古胶州港位置的变迁

本文主要依据有关方志、文史资料，着重考证了近１３００年来古胶州港位置的变迁，研究发现，古胶州港的位置自唐代至清末近１３００年间，沿胶州湾西、北岸大致经历了７次变更，特别自明代开始，港口位置变迁尤为频繁，作者初步分析认为这与历史时期胶州湾内西、北岸的不断淤涨和胶莱南河、大沽河口的冲淤作用有关。     

Finite-β effects on the radiative thermal instability in magnetized plasmas

The radiative thermal instability is investigated taking into account finite-, or electromagnetic, effects. The two-fluid model for magnetized plasmas together with the Maxwell equations are used to derive a general dispersion relation valid for compressional perturbations with frequency below the electron-cyclotron frequency. The growth rates of the radiative thermal instabilities involving fast magnetosonic flute-like and low-frequency hydromagnetic perturbations are presented.     

The global structure of the pulsar magnetospheres

The model of the pulsar magnetosphere filled with massless charged particles (rest massm=0) is considered. The gas of charged massless particles can be found in two different phases: (1) dynamical phase (DP), when the particles move with nonvanishing energy along some base line, determined by the electromagnetic field only, (2) statical phase (SP), when the particles have vanishing energy =0. The pulsar magnetosphere occurs to be divided into regions of different types: (a) the accelerating regions (DP-regions) containing only DP, (b) the capture regions, containing only SP, (3) leaky capture regions, where DP moves through SP. The leaky capture regions are the active regions, which are responsible for the pulsar radioemission. In the case of oblique magnetic moment the equation for the capture surface has been obtained. The capture region is formed around this surface. Expressions for jumps of the electromagnetic field, the current density and the charge density on the capture region boundary have been obtained. The problem of the pulsar magnetosphere is stated mathematically in the case of oblique magnetic moment and ejection of only electrons.