玉米大豆生长中后期遥感辨识的指示性特征研究

玉米和大豆是两种主要的粮食作物,及时准确地监测两者的种植面积对于产量预测和市场价格的制定具有重要的意义。利用遥感技术探究在生长季中后期能有效区分玉米和大豆的指示性特征集,为在不同实验区进行推广应用和提前玉米和大豆种植面积信息发布的时间提供技术支撑。文章以玉米和大豆为研究对象,以黑龙江和安徽省两个典型种植区为实验区,以高分一号影像为数据源,计算多种植被指数特征和两种纹理特征,同时利用特征优选方法评价特征间的相对重要性,并结合随机森林分类算法分析特征个数对精度的影响,得到不同试验区区分两者的最佳特征子集。随后根据不同实验区最佳特征子集的共同点和差异,遴选出对玉米和大豆中后期区分的遥感指示性识别特征集,并设计实验方案验证其有效性和稳定性。实验表明：在玉米和大豆生长中后期存在具有高效辨识两者的遥感特征集,能有效和稳定地增强两者的遥感识别能力;在不同实验区,基于特征优选方法可以选择出区分玉米和大豆的最佳分类特征子集,得到两者最优的识别效果,比仅仅使用原始波段特征的分类精度提升了近10个百分点,总体分类精度能够平均达到97%,Kappa系数0.96,玉米和大豆的单类分类精度平均超过95%;在不同的种植区,利用玉米和大豆的指示性特征集可以得到几乎与优选出的最佳特征子集同样的分类精度和制图效果,且具有稳定性和有效性,较最佳特征集更具推广使用意义。指示性特征集包含6种：植被指数中的比值植被指数（RVI）,差值植被指数（DVI）,转换型植被指数（TVI）,改进型叶绿素吸收比率指数（MCARI）和灰度共生矩阵（GLCM）纹理特征中的二阶矩（the Second Moment）和熵（Entropy）。     

联合时变重力数据与测高数据反演全球海平面变化及其分量贡献

理解全球海平面变化具有十分重要的意义,它间接反映了地球系统中气候性相关因素的变化。本文基于一组海平面指纹和比容经验正交函数,联合时变重力数据和卫星测高数据反演了2002年4月至2020年2月的全球海平面变化,将全球海平面变化分解成南极冰盖融化、格陵兰冰盖融化、陆地冰川融化、陆地水储量变化、冰川均衡调整和海水比容效应这6个分量的贡献。联合反演结果显示,全球平均比容海平面变化为1.08±0.05 mm/a,与相关文献的结果相吻合。研究发现,联合测高数据和时变重力数据的反演方法能够一定程度上减弱GRACE Follow-On卫星时期海水质量变化被低估的现象。本文利用联合反演的结果研究了区域海平面变化,在大部分近海区域反演效果较好,这表明该方法可用于区域海平面变化的研究。     

加速迭代硬阈值ISAR稀疏成像

加速迭代硬阈值(AIHT)作为一种压缩感知(CS)算法,具有计算复杂度低、内存占用小的特点,在较小数目的观测下,经过有限次迭代便能获得较好的重建效果。因此,本文将该算法应用到逆合成孔径雷达(ISAR)稀疏成像,对该方法的具体特征和适用性进行了详细分析。仿真结果表明,在相同信噪比和回波脉冲数条件下,基于AIHT的ISAR成像方法,相比于稀疏贝叶斯算法(SBL),在重建时间上缩短了至少2个量级;相比于迭代加权最小二乘法(IRLS)和平滑l0范数算法,在重建质量上提高了约3倍。经实测数据处理结果验证,在1/4原始脉冲数条件下,该方法仍具有良好的聚焦性能和压低旁瓣效果。     

工程建设项目的多测整合对策研究

以广州市开展联合测绘的改革成效为基础,进一步探索研究工程建设项目审批服务全链条中的测绘服务事项,重点关注优化测绘服务流程、统一测绘技术标准规范、强化对测绘成果的共享互认以及完善测绘行业管理制度等内容,通过优化测绘服务体系为审批制度改革"加速",为优化营商环境"助力",为全国各地全面推出"多测合一"改革提供可复制推广的经...     

On the theoretical link between LLL-reduction and Lambda-decorrelation

The LLL algorithm, introduced by Lenstra et al. (Math Ann 261:515–534, 1982), plays a key role in many fields of applied mathematics. In particular, it is used as an effective numerical tool for preconditioning the integer least-squares problems arising in high-precision geodetic positioning and Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS). In 1992, Teunissen developed a method for solving these nearest-lattice point (NLP) problems. This method is referred to as Lambda (for Least-squares AMBiguity Decorrelation Adjustment). The preconditioning stage of Lambda corresponds to its decorrelation algorithm. From an epistemological point of view, the latter was devised through an innovative statistical approach completely independent of the LLL algorithm. Recent papers pointed out some similarities between the LLL algorithm and the Lambda-decorrelation algorithm. We try to clarify this point in the paper. We first introduce a parameter measuring the orthogonality defect of the integer basis in which the NLP problem is solved, the LLL-reduced basis of the LLL algorithm, or the $\Lambda $ -basis of the Lambda method. With regard to this problem, the potential qualities of these bases can then be compared. The $\Lambda $ -basis is built by working at the level of the variance-covariance matrix of the float solution, while the LLL-reduced basis is built by working at the level of its inverse. As a general rule, the orthogonality defect of the $\Lambda $ -basis is greater than that of the corresponding LLL-reduced basis; these bases are however very close to one another. To specify this tight relationship, we present a method that provides the dual LLL-reduced basis of a given $\Lambda $ -basis. As a consequence of this basic link, all the recent developments made on the LLL algorithm can be applied to the Lambda-decorrelation algorithm. This point is illustrated in a concrete manner: we present a parallel $\Lambda $ -type decorrelation algorithm derived from the parallel LLL algorithm of Luo and Qiao (Proceedings of the fourth international C $^*$ conference on computer science and software engineering. ACM Int Conf P Series. ACM Press, pp 93–101, 2012).     

Geospatial Technologies for National Geomorphology and Lineament Mapping Project – A Case Study of Goa State

A three level classification system, based on the genesis of landforms, was used to map the geomorphology of the Goa state. The first level corresponds to the process that was responsible for landform generation, the second level or the intermediate level was assigned based on the morphography, and the third level corresponds to the individual landforms units identified based on the morphostructure. The mapping was carried out using IRS-P6 LISS-III (23.5 m) satellite image as the primary data source. Ancillary data such as geological map, topographic map, digital elevation model (DEM), field data collected by global positioning system (GPS) and web portals for image visualisation, were also used for the mapping purpose. A new software designed for mapping landforms based on the genesis, was used in this study to create a seamless geomorphology and lineament database of the Goa state in a GIS environment. A total of 58 landforms within six types of genetic classes were mapped in this area. Similarly, structural and geomorphic lineaments were also delineated using the satellite data. The database created has multi-purpose usability such as environmental studies, mining activity assessment, coastal zone management and wasteland development, since the classification system used is focused on processes, not theme specific.     

Negotiating on location, timing, duration, and participant in agent-mediated joint activity-travel scheduling

Agent-based simulation has become an important modeling approach in activity-travel analysis. Social activities account for a large amount of travel and have an important effect on activity-travel scheduling. Participants in joint activities usually have various options regarding location, participants, and timing and take different approaches to make their decisions. In this context, joint activity participation requires negotiation among agents involved, so that conflicts among the agents can be addressed. Existing mechanisms do not fully provide a solution when utility functions of agents are nonlinear and non-monotonic. Considering activity-travel scheduling in time and space as an application, we propose a novel negotiation approach, which takes into account these properties, such as continuous and discrete issues, and nonlinear and non-monotonic utility functions, by defining a concession strategy and a search mechanism. The results of experiments show that agents having these properties can negotiate efficiently. Furthermore, the negotiation procedure affects individuals’ choices of location, timing, duration, and participants.