青藏高原东南缘高山湖泊藻类响应气候变化和大气沉降的长期特征

高山湖泊远离人类活动直接影响,通常具有面积小、寡营养、食物网单一等特点,对气候变化和营养输入具有较高的敏感性。我国青藏高原东南缘地区氮沉降通量较高、增温幅度显著,已有研究显示该地区可能受湖泊类型、流域特征等影响存在差异性的湖泊响应模式。本研究选择该区域位于树线以下、具有不同水深的3个小型湖泊(盖公错纳、沃迪错、碧沽天池)开展沉积物调查和对比研究,通过钻孔样品测年、理化特征和藻类(硅藻群落、藻类色素)等多指标分析,结合区域气候定量重建和氮沉降等数据收集,评价了过去300年来藻类演替模式的异同特征及湖泊水深的调节作用。结果显示,3个湖泊中硅藻的优势物种与群落组成差异明显。深水型湖泊盖公错纳(最大水深39.4 m)的硅藻群落以浮游种为主(占比达82%),优势种为眼斑小环藻(Pantocsekiolla ocellata)、科曼小环藻(Pantocsekiella comensis);深水型湖泊沃迪错(最大水深20.7 m)的硅藻群落中浮游种和底栖种约各占50%,优势种为眼斑小环藻(Pantocsekiella ocellata)、连结脆杆藻(Saurosira construens);浅水湖...     

洪水预报中特征值预报的若干数学方法比较

讨论研究了水文特征值预报的数学方法,统计回归模型、神经网络模型和模糊回归模型。三个计处实例表明如果系统的线性关系较好,统计回归模型的结果最好;如果系统的线民生关系差,神经网络模型的结果最好;如果用于率定模型的资料太短,任何一个模型都不可靠。     

Comparative Analysis of Mitochondrial Control Region Sequence from Three Flatfish Species （Pleuronectidae）

The 5‘-end of the mitochondrial control region sequences of three flatfishes (Pleuronectiformes: Pleuronectidae) were amplified and sequenced. These sequences were compared with those of other three Pleuronectids species retrieved from GenBank. A phylogenetic tree was constructed based on the partial control region sequences. The results of phylogenetic analysis are consistent with those of conventional systematics. Compared to previous studies, the structure of the 5‘-end of mitochondrial control region was analyzed. The terminal associated sequence motif and its complementary motif were identified at the 5‘-end of the sequences. A conserved sequence block, named as CM5‘ d, was identified in the 5‘-end of control region sequences in all Pleuronectids. Another central conserved sequence block, named as CSB-F, was detected in the central conserved blocks.     

GOES-9云图资料在热带气旋路径相似预报中的应用

利用1996～1999四年的GMS-5红外云图资料、NCEP资料和〈台风年鉴〉给出的热带气旋资料,以及GOES-9红外云图资料,使用逐步相似法对2004年热带气旋进行了路径预报试验.结果表明,GOES-9资料与GMS-5资料可以融合使用,用云图灰度场结合高度场作相似预报的方法可以实现热带气旋移动路径的定量预报,表现了较好的准确性,具有良好应用前景.     

节能温度、供热气象指数及供热参数研究

对北京市2001～2002年采暖季的室内外气象一热力试验数据进行科学分析,求出实际条件下不同环境温度、风速、辐射等气象条件下的节能温度,提出了供热气象指数及等级划分标准,推算出总供热量、供回水温度差及通过控制回水温度而知供水温度等供热参数,并已在北京市供热作业中投入应用,为实时供热调度提供了参考依据,是节能、增效、减污的基础。     

浙江仙居县漂流旅游的气候影响因素探讨

采用仙居县漂流旅游项目营业开始迄今的客流量和同期的降水、相对湿度、风速和气温等气象资料对仙居县永安溪漂流的气候影响因素进行了研究。分析了当地的人体舒适度指标,统计了月平均舒适天数,同时探讨了降水和高温的影响,得出适宜的气候条件,计算了各指标的距乎百分率,并与客流变化作对比分析。结果表明：5月和10月气候适宜且旅游流量高;4月、7月和9月也为适宜时段,但客流量少,旅游资源有待进一步挖掘。     

辽河口邻近海域小型底栖生物的空间分布及季节变化

本文研究了辽河口邻近海域2013年8月、10月和2014年5月3个航次小型底栖生物的种类及其空间分布,分析了小型底栖生物丰度和生物量的季节变化。结果表明,3个航次（夏季、秋季和春季）小型底栖生物的平均丰度分别为（264±83） ind/（10 cm2）、（216±85） ind/（10 cm2）和（227±67） ind/（10 cm2）,平均生物量分别为（272±125）μg/（10 cm2）、（207±89）μg/（10 cm2）和（244±103）μg/（10 cm2）。与其他研究海域相比,辽河口小型底栖的丰度和生物量处于较低水平。共鉴定出了14个小型生物类群,按照丰度排序,线虫是最优势的类群,夏季、秋季和春季3个航次占总丰度的比例分别为94.0%、92.5%和90.8%;其他优势类群为多毛类、桡足类和双壳类。小型底栖生物量的优势类群则为多毛类（41.1%~44.0%）,高于线虫（33.8%~36.5%）,其次是双壳类（2.6%~6.7%）。水平分布的研究表明,调查海域近岸入海口小型底栖生物的丰度和生物量普遍低于近海海域,但是秋季时近岸分布与近海差距不大。垂直分布的研究表明,95.9%的小型底栖生物分布于0~5 cm的表层沉积物中。小型底栖生物的丰度和生物量在夏季时都达到高峰值。与环境因子的相关分析表明,小型底栖生物的数量分布与盐度和水深呈极显著正相关（P<0.01）,与叶绿素a呈显著正相关（P<0.05）。     

Effects of temperature and salinity on survival,growth and DNA methylation of juvenile Pacific abalone,Haliotis discus hannai Ino

Temperature and salinity are two of the most potent abiotic factors infl uencing marine mollusks.In this study,we investigated the individual and combined ef fects of temperature and salinity on the survival and growth of juvenile Pacifi c abalone,Haliotis discus hannai Ino,and also examined the DNA methylation alteration that may underpin the phenotypic variation of abalone exposed to dif ferent rearing conditions.The single-factor data showed that the suitable ranges of temperature and salinity were 16–28°C at a constant salinity of 32,and 24–40 at a constant temperature of 20°C,respectively.The two-factor data indicated that both survival and growth were signifi cantly af fected by temperature,salinity and their interaction.The optimal temperature-salinity combination for juveniles was 23–25°C and 30–36.To explore environment-induced DNA methylation alteration,the methylation-sensitive amplifi ed polymorphism(MSAP)technique was used to analyze the genomic methylation profi les of abalone reared in optimal and adverse conditions.Neither temperature nor salinity induced evident changes in the global methylation level,but 67 and 63 dif ferentially methylated loci were identifi ed in temperature and salinity treatments,respectively.The between-group eigen analysis also showed that both temperature and salinity could induce epigenetic dif ferentiation in H.discus hannai Ino.The results of our study provide optimal rearing conditions for juvenile H.discus hannai Ino,and represent the fi rst step toward revealing the epigenetic regulatory mechanism of abalone in response to thermal and salt stresses.     

Geothermal potential evaluation and development prioritization based on geochemistry of geothermal waters from Kangding area,western Sichuan,China

Kangding geothermal area is located in the western Sichuan, belonging to southeastern margin of Tibetan Plateau. Similar to world-renowned south Tibetan and western Yunnan geothermal belt, western Sichuan has intensive surface thermal manifestations including boiling and hot springs. The emerging temperature of thermal waters ranges from 47 to 79 °C with total dissolved solids lying between 899 and 2550 mg/L. δ²H–δ¹⁸O isotopes indicate a meteoric source for the thermal waters and a significant positive oxygen-18 shift in the southern region. It is suggested that southern thermal waters experienced stronger water–rock interaction and are closer to thermodynamic equilibrium, which is also proved by the water type classification. The reservoir temperature calculated by empirical and theoretical chemical thermometry is 180–225 °C for the north and 225–310 °C for the south. Evidences of hydrogeochemistry, stable isotopes, geothermometry and radiocarbon dating indicate that southern region of Kangding area shows greater geothermal potential than the northern region. In addition, based on the hydrogeochemical modeling of mineral saturation, underlying problem of scaling is likely to occur in the study area. According to the results of reservoir temperature, south Kangding sub-district has greater potential in geothermal power generation and development than northern Kangding. Therefore, further exploration and drilling work should give priority to the south Kangding area.