北京市通州区水资源综合承载力

目前,通州区已被定为北京市的新的发展中心,但水资源短缺和污染已经严重限制了当地的可持续发展。本文以可持续发展为原则,基于"自然—社会"水循环,提出了通州区水资源综合承载力量化模型。根据通州区的未来发展规划,设计了3种情景来提高该地区的水资源综合承载力。研究表明水资源短缺严重制约了通州区的城市化进程和可持续发展,外调水、本地区节水和控制污染是解决通州区水资源短缺的有效途径。     

Characterizing land displacement in complex hydrogeological and geological settings: a case study in the Beijing Plain,China

Characterization of land displacement induced by long-term overexploitation of groundwater is necessary to ensure sustainable water supply in Beijing, China. The northern part of the Beijing Plain is an important water source area and is also designed for groundwater recharge from South-to-North Water Diversion Project. We aim to depict the process of characterizing land displacement under complex hydrogeological and geological context in the region using remote sensing and geographic information system. Interferometric synthetic aperture radar time-series analysis was used to detect land displacement from 2003 to 2010. Statistic linear regression equations between groundwater level and land displacement were built based on linear consolidation principle. The spatial difference of Pearson correlation coefficient (R) and slope (k) were discriminated to quantify the response of land displacement to groundwater level change. The results show that there are two major displacement cones with annual rates up to ?40 and ?24 mm year^?1. R and k had a negative and positive correlation with increasing land displacement, respectively. A larger R reflects that the groundwater level has a closer relation with the occurrence of land displacement. The weak correlation is due to the delay in the propagation of the pressure drawdown in the fine-sediment layers or lens from the pumped aquifers where the pressure is measured. Thick compressible layer has more potential for land displacement. Results of this study are necessary to clarify the land displacement characteristics, to make full use of abundant spatial–temporal dataset, and ultimately to support hazard prevention and mitigation decisions.     

邯郸永年县洪山碱性岩体剥蚀程度分析

邯郸永年洪山碱性岩体及其周边成矿条件优越,已发现金、铜矿化点多处。研究显示金、铜矿床（点）在形成及分布上与洪山岩体有着密切的成因联系。金矿化主要分布在岩体北侧的火山凝灰岩中;铜矿化分布较广,但矿化以岩体中心区域为主。由于岩体剥蚀深度研究程度较低,位于岩体顶部或上方的铜金矿化主体部分是否已遭受风化剥蚀,区内铜金矿化深部找矿潜力如何等问题均亟需分析确定。据此,本文依据岩体“盖层”厚度恢复法、相对隆升剥蚀程度识别法、夷平面法和磷灰石裂变径迹法等综合判别洪山岩体剥蚀深度。不同剥蚀程度判别方法所得结论基本吻合,得出洪山岩体中心区域隆升剥蚀程度最大,在2km左右;岩体南北两侧剥蚀程度逐渐减小。在岩体剥蚀深度分析基础上,给出了区内铜金矿床找矿方向,认为金矿化有利找矿区域在岩体南侧火山凝灰岩分布区,岩体中心部位铜矿化找矿前景不容乐观。     

气候变化背景下陕西冷暖冬事件的多尺度特征研究

基于陕西省1960—2019年94个气象站点冬季逐日气温资料,分陕北、关中和陕南3个气候区,从时间和空间2种尺度分析了陕西冷、暖冬事件的变化特征.结果 表明:近60 a陕西冬季增温明显并在1987年前后发生突变,冬季平均0℃等温线北抬1～2个纬度,增温幅度以陕北最强陕南最弱.从时间尺度上,气候变化导致暖冬指数以9.5％...     

黄土高原地区人口收缩格局与驱动力分析

基于2005年和2015年人口数据,运用收缩指数、地统计分析和地理探测器等方法,研究不同地理尺度下黄土高原地区人口收缩现象与地域分异格局,揭示黄土高原地区人口收缩驱动力差异及机理.结果 表明:(1)黄土高原地区县级与地级行政单元下人口收缩比例均较高,单一地理尺度识别人口收缩存在偏差.(2)黄土高原地区的人口收缩现象在区...     

中国生态水文学发展趋势与重点方向

生态水文学是一门新兴的交叉学科,发展和完善其理论体系和技术方法等对促进中国山水林田湖草系统保护与修复,推进生态文明建设和绿色发展具有重要理论和实践意义。本文阐述了生态水文学发展历程和挑战性问题;结合学科前沿和国家需求,提出了生态水文学在中国的发展战略,主要包括：生态水文综合观测的新技术新方法、生态水文学机理和基础理论、以陆地和水生生态水文过程为核心的多尺度多要素综合模拟与集成、以及生态水文与社会科学的融合等;在此基础上,也提出了中国生态水文学具体发展方向,如多源信息融合与综合观测网络、关键要素的时空格局及其演变特征、综合模型与不确定性、多学科交融研究等;最后提出了中国生态水文学在山水林田湖草及城市等共同体修复和保护中的应用前景。     

淮河中上游流域洪水主要类型及其时空分布特征

洪水过程相似性挖掘对流域雨洪资源利用、水库防洪调度以及河流生态修复等具有重要的现实意义。论文以淮河中上游流域16个水文站2006—2015年125场洪水过程数据为基础,采用洪水量、时间、变化率和形态等特征指标对完整洪水过程进行了全面刻画,以主成分分析和层次聚类等多元统计分析手段辨识了流域内代表性洪水类型,揭示了各洪水类型的时空分布特征。结果表明：① 淮河中上游流域主要有5类代表性洪水类型,分别为长历时且变化剧烈型、多峰长历时型、尖瘦短历时型、矮胖型以及常规型。② 从时间分布来看,2006—2015年间洪水类型数量呈现减少趋势,常规型洪水的比例逐渐增大;丰水年份(如2007年)、平水年份(如2006年)的洪水类型较多,而枯水年份(2011—2013年)洪水类型较少,以常规型和矮胖型洪水出现频率居多。③ 从空间分布来看,源头站点的洪水类型较多,中下游站点的洪水类型比较单一,主要从尖瘦型洪水过程逐渐转变为矮胖型,这与流域内水源涵养能力、工程调蓄能力以及降水多样性等有较大的关系。研究可为流域洪水信息挖掘和特征分析等提供参考借鉴,也可为淮河流域洪水的演变特征分析、水库防洪调控和雨洪资源利用等提供决策依据。     

Temporal and spatial variation of the main water balance components in the three rivers source region, China from 1960 to 2000

The three rivers source region (TRSR) is the most sensitive region of global climate change in China. The temporal and spatial variations of main water balance components (precipitation, snowmelt, actual evaporation, runoff, etc.) during the period from 1960 to 2000 in the TRSR were analyzed by hydrologic simulation and statistical detection. The results showed that: when compared with the components in 1960s, (1) the variation of precipitation from 1970s to 1990s was not significant in the whole TRSR though it increased slightly in the Yellow River Source Region (YeSR) and Yangtze River Source Region (YaSR), but decreased slightly in the Lancang River Source Region (LcSR); (2) the snowmelt increased in most regions of TRSR except the downstream of YeSR and YaSR, but the trend was statistically significant only in the YeSR; (3) the actual evaporation increased continually in the whole TRSR, but the trends were significant in the middle stream of the YeSR and YaSR, and the YeSR was the greatest; (4) Although the runoff depth decreased gradually in the TRSR, the trends were significant only in the middle stream of the YeSR and YaSR and the YeSR was the greatest. Inevitably, the discharge decreased in the TRSR but the trend was not statistically significant. Climate change (i.e., the slightly decreasing of precipitation and the increasing of air temperature) was the most important factor to affect the variations of water balance components. The most sensitive region to climate change was YeSR, followed by YaSR, and the least one was LcSR. This study was expected to provide the foundation and a reference to analyze the water resources evolution and test the climate change impacts in TRSR as well as the whole China.     

Noble Gas and Stable Isotopic Constraints on the Origin of the Ag–Cu Polymetallic Ore Deposits in the Baiyangping Area,Yunnan Province,SW China

The Lanping basin, Yunnan province, SW China, is located at the juncture of the Eurasian and Indian Plates in the eastern part of the Tibetan Plateau. The Lanping basin, in the Sanjiang Tethyan metallogenic province, is a significant Cu–Ag–Zn–Pb mineralized belt in China that includes the largest sandstone‐hosted Zn–Pb deposit in the world, the Jinding deposit, as well as several Ag–Cu deposits (the Baiyangping and Jinman deposits). These deposits, with total reserves of over 16.0 Mt Pb + Zn, 0.6 Mt Cu, and 7,000 t Ag, are mainly hosted in Meso‐Cenozoic clastic rocks and are dominantly controlled by two Cenozoic thrust systems developed in the western and eastern segments of the basin. The Baiyangping, Babaoshan, and Hetaoqing ore deposits are representative of the epithermal base metal deposits in the Lanping basin. The microthermometric data show that the ore‐forming fluids for these deposits were low temperature (110–180 °C) and had bimodal distribution of salinity at moderate and mid to high salinities (approximately 2–8 wt.% and 18–26 wt.% NaCl equivalent). The C and O isotope data indicate that the ore‐forming fluids were related to hot basin brines. We present new He and Ar isotope data on volatiles released from fluid inclusions contained in sulfides and in barite in these three deposits. ³He/⁴He ratios of the ore‐forming fluids are 0.01 to 0.14 R/Ra with a mean of 0.07 Ra (where R is the ³He/⁴He ratio and Ra is the ratio for atmospheric helium). This mean value is intermediate to typical ³He/⁴He ratios for the crust (R/Ra = 0.01 to 0.05) and the ratio for air‐saturated water (R/Ra = 1). The mean ratio is also significantly lower than the ratios found for mantle‐derived fluids (R/Ra = 6 to 9). The ⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar ratios of the ore‐forming fluids range from 298 to 382 with a mean of 323. This value is slightly higher than that for the air‐saturated water (295.5). The ³He/⁴He ratios of fluids from the fluid inclusions imply that the ore‐forming fluid for the Baiyangping, Babaoshan, and Hetaoqing deposits was derived from the crust and that any mantle‐derived He was negligible. The content of the radiogenic Ar ranges between 0.2 to 20.4%, and the proportion of air‐derived ⁴⁰Ar averages 94.1%. This indicates that atmospheric Ar was important in the formation of these deposits but that some radiogenic ⁴⁰Ar was derived from crustal rocks. Based on these observations coupled with other geochemical evidence, we suggest that the ore‐forming fluids responsible for the formation of the Ag–Cu–Pb–Zn polymetallic ore deposits in the Baiyangping area of the Lanping basin were mainly derived from crustal fluids. The fluids may have mixed with some amount of air‐saturated water, but there was no significant involvement of mantle‐derived fluids.     

LA-ICP-MS mineral chemistry of titanite and the geological implications for exploration of porphyry Cu deposits in the Jinshajiang – Red River alkaline igneous belt,SW China

The Jinshajiang–Red River alkaline igneous belt in the eastern Indian–Asian collision zone, of southwestern China, hosts abundant, economically important Cu–Mo–Au mineralization of Cenozoic age. Major- and trace-element compositions of titanites from representative Cu-mineralized intrusions determined by LA-ICP-MS show higher values for Fe₂O₃/Al₂O₃, ΣREE?+?Y, LREE/HREE, Ce/Ce*, (Ce/Ce*)/(Eu/Eu*), U, Th, Ta, Nb and Ga, and lower values for Al₂O₃, CaO, Eu/Eu*, Zr/Hf, Nb/Ta and Sr than those for titanites from barren intrusions. Different ΣREE?+?Y, LREE/HREE, U, Th, Ta and Nb values of titanites between Cu-mineralized and barren intrusions were controlled mainly by the coexisting melt compositions. However, different Sr concentrations and negative Eu anomalies of titanites between Cu-mineralized and barren intrusions were most probably caused by different degrees of crystallization of feldspar from melts. In addition, different Ga concentrations and positive Ce anomalies of titanites between Cu-mineralized and barren intrusions were most likely caused by different magmatic fO₂ conditions. Pronounced compositional differences of titanites between Cu-mineralized and barren intrusions can provide a useful tool to help discriminate between ore-bearing and barren intrusions at an early stage of exploration, and, thus, have a potential application in exploration for porphyry Cu deposits in the Jinshajiang – Red River alkaline igneous belt, and to other areas.