震前大气电场异常的区域性特征

在了近场每次较大地震发生前，均能观测到明显的大气电场负异常信息。在观测不到明显的大气电场负异常时，近场近期一般不会有较大地震发生的基础上，本文对北京及其附近地区为例，利用所观测到的在气电场异常资料及１９８５年后该地区所发生的８次Ｍｌ≥４地震资料，较深入地探讨了震前大气电场异常的空间分布特征，取得了一些规律性的认识：（１）异常多发生在距震中不太范围内，且随着震级的增大异常区的范围也增大。（２）较大地     

Exploring nonlinear characteristics in seismogenic process

Power spectral characteristics of the seismic activities before and after the seven large earthquake — Haicheng, Tangshan, Lancang, Longling, Mabian, Puer and Songpan are studied by spectrum analysis method. The results show that they all have continuous power spectrum and aperiodic behaviour. When the time away from the large earthquake occurrence, the characteristics of the seismic activities are obviously accompanied by stochastic components. About one year before main shock, the moving orbits constructed by spectrum amplitudes showed the contracting tendency. And the properties during that time may display as flicker noise. One’s another time almost mixed whole phase space. But the essence of seismic activities after main shocks is a chaotic state accompanied with much noises. The Chinese version of this paper appeared in the Chinese edition ofActa Seismologica Sinica,15, 276–281, 1993. This subject is supported by the Chinese Joint Seismological Foundation.     

裂陷盆地洼槽演化规律研究——以歧口凹陷西部为例

裂陷盆地中洼槽的演化规律对烃灶的分布及生烃能力具有明显控制作用。歧口凹陷在古近纪经历了两期两向的裂陷活动,洼槽结构较为复杂,裂陷Ⅰ幕,在NW-SE向伸展作用下,形成了多个NE-NNE向洼槽;至裂陷Ⅱ幕,受N-S向伸展作用,NE-NNE向断层活动性逐渐减弱,NE-NNE向洼槽开始萎缩。本文基于控洼断层的空间组合样式及传播方式、洼槽内层序界面的接触关系,建立洼槽演化的3种模式;结合典型地震剖面、地层厚度图、控洼断层断距—距离曲线等相关证据,识别出歧口凹陷洼槽的演化规律。其中,歧南洼槽属于“生长连接型洼槽演化模式”,板桥洼槽属于“固定长度型洼槽演化模式”,而歧北洼槽属于“侧列叠覆型洼槽演化模式”。     

Seismic velocities and thickness of horizontal and dipping subsurface layers

Summary A new approach to the determination of the interval and average seismic velocities and thickness of arbitrarily dipping subsurface rock layers from surface travel time measurement is presented. The method is referred to as thegeometric recursion. Its derivation is based upon the geometry of the seismic ray paths between a shotpoint and a geophone, and is basically an extension of Gardner's equation of dip correction. Travel time measurements at and distance between the shotpoint and the geophone and apparent dip angles of the layers are needed in using the techniques. The values determined with the new method are compared with those from two existing methods that are applicable only for the horizontal layers. The accuracy and shortcomings of these methods are then analyzed and discussed with real examples as illustrations. The main computing technique used in the method is the iterative approximation of the undetermined but interrelated subsurface parameters in common loops. The method is practical to use, particularly when the travel time measurements in an area are not redundant. Its efficiency is dependent primarily upon the accuracy of the travel time measurements as well as the effective control of the shortcomings of the method.     

利用MapInfo进行图件扫描数字化的误差统计分析

目前越来越多的单位运用图件扫描数字化方法来获得ＧＩＳ的数据,文中首先对扫描数字化的误差来源进行了分析,运用大量的ＭａｐＩｎｆｏ扫描数字化数据对误差大小及统计精度进行了探讨,得出了一些有益的结论,对如何提高大比例尺图件扫描图像数字化的精度及利用ＭａｐＩｎｆｏ进行扫描图像数字化有一定的实用意义。     

A rigorous method of calculating the deflection of light in the gravitational field of the sun

Starting from the equation for the path of a photon in a gravitational field, we give a method of calculating the deflection of starlight in the solar field. The transformation from the non-inertial system at the Sun to the locally inertial system of the observer is considered. Calculation was made under the Schwarzschild metric. Our calculated results for the deflection before making coordinate transformation agree well with the results according to the IAU formulae, but when an accuracy of 0'.'001 is required, then the coordinate transformation must be included.     

System structure and calibration models of intelligent photogrammetron

This paper describes the structure,geometric model and geo-metric calibration of Photogrammetron I-the first type of photogrammetron which is designed to be a coherent stereo photogrammetric system in which two cameras are mounted on a physical base but driven by an intelligent agent architecture.The system calibration is divided into two parts:the in-lab calibration determines the fixed parameters in advance of system operation,and the insitu calibration keeps tracking the free parameters in real-time during the system operation.In a video surveillance set-up, prepared control points are tracked in stereo image sequences,so that the free parameters of the system can be continuously updated through iterative bundle adjustment and kalman filtering.     

线性矩法估计参数的保证修正值系数B的推求

在设计洪水的抽样误差估计中,采用保证修正值系数B方法估计均方差简单易用。应用线性矩法估计频率分布曲线的参数,有较好的无偏性和有效性,具有一定的应用前景。目前线性矩法的B值诺模图尚未确定,给用线性矩法确定参数时估计抽样误差带来了难度与不便。采用统计试验,分析了离差系数、偏态系数和样本长度对B值的影响,结果表明线性矩法估计参数时仍可采用保证修正值系数B值诺模图方法来估计抽样误差,并推求了不同偏态系数、设计频率情形下的B值,制成了线性矩法的B值诺模图备用。     

黔东南暴雨气候特征及其地形影响

利用1960~2000年贵州省黔东南地区降水观测资料,统计分析黔东南地区暴雨时空分布特征,进一步揭示其活动规律及主要影响因素。结果表明:黔东南地区暴雨有显著年代际变化特征,存在准15年的周期变化,并与贵州降水和长江中下游降水呈同位相;存在两个暴雨多发中心,夜间暴雨较多。黔东南暴雨地域分布极为复杂,局地性暴雨较多,这与黔东南特殊地形有着密切关系,地形因素是影响黔东南地区暴雨的重要原因,对形成上述特征的气候学成因做了初步讨论。