Petrogenesis of Early Cretaceous low-Mg adakitic rocks along the southernmost margin of the North China Craton: implications for late Mesozoic crustal evolution

This article reports systematic zircon U–Pb dating, whole-rock geochemistry, and Sr–Nd isotopic data for the Early Cretaceous Jialou granitoids along the southernmost margin of the North China Craton (NCC), adjacent to the Tongbai Orogen. These results will provide significant constrains on the crustal evolution of the southern margin of the NCC. Zircon U–Pb analyses, using laser ablation–multicollector–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry, indicate that the Jialou granitoids were emplaced at ~130 Ma. The granitoids have high SiO₂, K₂O, Al₂O₃, Sr, and Ba contents, high Sr/Y and (La/Yb)N ratios, and low concentrations of MgO, Y, and heavy rare earth elements, indicating a low-Mg adakitic affinity. They have relatively high initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios (0.707464–0.708190) and negative εNd(t) values (–11.8 to –15.2), similar to those of the Palaeoproterozoic lower crust in the NCC. These geochemical and isotopic features indicate that the Jialou low-Mg adakitic rocks were derived by partial melting of mafic Palaeoproterozoic lower crust of the NCC at >50 km depth, leaving behind a garnet amphibolite residue. The petrogenesis of the Jialou low-Mg adakitic rocks, plus the petrogenesis of Mesozoic granitoids and lower crustal xenoliths entrained in the Late Jurassic Xinyang volcaniclastic diatreme, suggests that the continental crust along the southern margin of the NCC was thickened during the Middle Jurassic to Early Cretaceous, but thinned after 130 Ma. We propose that crustal thickening was caused by a late Middle Jurassic to Early Cretaceous intra-continental orogeny, rather than continent–continent collision between the NCC and the Yangtze Craton. We also suggest that crustal thinning and Early Cretaceous magmatism were related to subduction of the palaeo-Pacific plate, rather than post-orogenic collapse of the Qinling–Tongbai–Dabie Orogen.     

江西大湖塘北区石门寺矿段钨矿成矿条件与找矿预测

在大湖塘北区钨矿找矿勘查过程中,在总结分析20世纪80年代初针对石英大脉型黑钨矿的普查资料基础上,通过地表填图和老窿编录,发现前人认为的混合黑云母花岗岩与混合白云母花岗岩之间为截然清楚的侵入接触关系,二者之间稳定地分布着一层似伟晶岩壳;由空间关系和区域成矿规律推断似斑状黑云母花岗岩为燕山期侵入于晋宁期黑云母花岗闪长岩之中的成矿母岩。晋宁期黑云母花岗闪长岩为成矿有利围岩,在云英岩化等蚀变过程中释放出形成白钨矿的钙离子。燕山期似斑状黑云母花岗岩岩株与晋宁期黑云母花岗闪长岩岩基之间的侵入接触界面是最主要的成矿构造与成矿结构面,控制了主矿体的位置、形态与产状。在研究区内首次于新元古代花岗闪长岩中发现厚大的白钨矿工业矿体,并根据不同岩块混杂、被长英质充填物胶结等特征识别出热液隐爆角砾岩型矿体。基于对矿区成矿地质条件和矿床地质特征的新认识,修改了针对石英大脉型黑钨矿所做的详查设计,抓住细脉浸染型白钨矿这一主要矿床类型,及时调整了找矿目标和勘查手段,在短时间内实现了赣北地区钨多金属找矿的重大突破。通过与石门寺矿段成矿地质条件类比,预测毗邻的苗尾矿段与太平洞矿区找矿潜力大。     

Effects of nitrogen and phosphorus on the growth of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Levanderina fissa</Emphasis>: How it blooms in Pearl River Estuary

Effects of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) from different sources and at different concentrations on the growth of Levanderina fissa (= Gyrodinium instriatum) were studied in laboratory conditions. The findings might explain the recurrent blooms of this species in Pearl River Estuary, China. Results showed that nutrient limitation significantly inhibited the growth of L. fissa. The values of specific growth rate (μ _max) and half-saturation nutrient concentration (K _S) were 0.37 divisions/d and 8.49 μmol L^?1 for N, and 0.39 divisions/d and 1.99 μmol L^?1 for P, respectively. Based on K _S values, dissolved inorganic N level in PRE was sufficient to support the high proliferation of L. fissa, while dissolved inorganic P concentration was far lower than the minimum requirement for its effective growth. L. fissa was not able to utilize dissolved organic N (DON) compounds such as urea, amino acids, and uric acid. However, it grew well by using a wide variety of dissolved organic P (DOP) sources like nucleotides, glycerophosphate, and 4-nitrophenylphosphate. The results from this study suggested that the ability in DOP utilization of L. fissa offers this species a competitive advantage in phytoplankton communities. The high level and continuous supply of DIN, enrichment of DOP, together with warm climate and low salinity in the Pearl River Estuary provided a suitable nutrient niche for the growth of L. fissa, and resulted in the recurrent blooms in the estuary.     

页岩储层-超临界CO2-模拟压裂液相互作用实验研究及其环境意义

近年来,页岩气作为一种重要的非常规天然气来源,逐渐成为国内外关注的热点。当前的研究工作总体侧重于页岩气开采技术的改进与环境监测,对页岩气开采过程中水岩相互作用还少有报道。本文采用模拟实验,选取储层页岩样品,在温度90 ℃、压力10 MPa环境下,开展了CO2压裂液页岩相互作用实验研究。主要探讨页岩气开采过程中,由于常规水力压裂液以及后期超临界CO2的增注,造成的储层岩石矿物的变化以及返排液成分的变化。实验结果显示：压裂液能使岩石矿物发生溶蚀,超临界CO2的存在会进一步加剧溶蚀反应的进行,促使孔隙变大并产生更多的微孔隙,为页岩气提供更多的运移通道,有利于油气的运移。但是,存在的环境威胁不容忽视：一方面,岩石中会溶解出大量的Ca、Mg、Si元素和少量Fe、Mn等金属元素,超临界CO2、富有机质页岩以及压裂液中表面活性剂等物质在高温高压酸性环境条件下,容易生成挥发性有机物残留在地层中,极有可能沿着岩石破碎的孔隙、断裂发生迁移或泄露,从而对地下含水层造成污染;另一方面,多种成分进入高矿化度溶液体系经返排回到地表,也会增大处理返排液的难度。本文取得的实验数据和成果有助于理解页岩气储层在开采过程中可能发生的水岩相互作用过程及其潜在的环境风险。     

三种对流层延迟改正模型精度评估

利用36个全球分布的IGS站2003全年GPS实测的对流层天顶延迟数据和气象数据,对目前国内外常用的两个对流层延迟改正模型;Hopfield模型、Saastamoinen模型和最近几年发展起来的EGNOS模型的改正精度和适用范围进行评估,指出Hopfield模型在应用中存在的缺陷,EGNOS模型可用作GNSS实时定位和导航的对流层天顶延迟的改正模型.     

深海温度变化对太阳活动的响应

通过太平洋、大西洋深海温度场谱分析发现,地球海洋温度变化广泛盛行着22年尺度的年代际周期性变化,这种22年变化周期在深层海洋中更为清楚。分析认为,这是地球海洋温度场对太阳磁场周期性变化的响应。世界海洋不同海域深海温度对于太阳磁场磁性22年周期响应的相位存在显著不同,南北大西洋海温变化相位相差115度,即变化趋势接近相反;南北太平洋海温变化相位相差19度,南太平洋变化超前。另外,太阳活动所激发的海温变化的振荡幅度在不同海域也有显著差异,北大西洋海温22年周期振幅为0.07℃,而南大西洋则高达018℃,是北大西洋的2.5倍之多!在太平洋中,北太平洋深海温度22年周期振幅最大,南太平洋次之,赤道中太平洋最小     

An eddy-permitting oceanic general circulation model and its preliminary evaluation

1. Introduction The current oceanic general circulation models(GCMs) used in climate studies, especially those serv-ing as component models in coupled GCMs, havean average resolution around 2? (IPCC, 2001). Theoceanic GCMs with relatively coarse resolutions canreproduce the major observed features of the large-scale circulations, but there are some insurmount-able di?culties. It was documented by Gates (1992)that the main defects of the coarse resolution oceanicGCMs include the repres…     

中更新世以来不同时间尺度亚洲中纬度气候演化的区域差异

亚洲中纬度气候主要受两大环流控制,继而划分出受亚洲季风控制季风区和受西风环流控制的西风区。已有研究发现在年代际至千年尺度上,两气候区的湿度演化存在错相位、甚至反相位的现象。文章综述了中更新世以来,多千年至轨道尺度上,两气候区的湿度演化模态的异同,以此深入了解亚洲气候演化的系统性。结果表明:二者的间冰期气候演化的整体趋势存在明显差别,尤其MIS 13以来,二者的演化趋势基本相反。在间冰期的多千年至万年尺度上,二者的气候演化模态呈现非同相位:高精度的释光测年结果显示天山地区的湿度变化滞后于黄土高原地区大概3~5 ka,且该现象在更早的间冰期可重复。在冰期的千年尺度上,两地的湿度演化基本一致,但西风区湿度的波动幅度更大。     

The Research Status and Development Trends of Wind-Sand Engineering in China

The concept and category of wind-sand engineering were discussed in this paper. The development processes of wind-sand engineering in China were reviewed preliminarily. Based on different regional environments, wind-sand engineering research in our country can be divided into two parts: aeolian research of major engineering in desert areas, and aeolian research of major engineering in other areas with special environment. Further than that, aeolian research of major engineering in desert areas can be divided into 4 stages, and aeolian research of major engineering in other areas with special environment mainly focuses on tropical coastal areas, Tibet Plateau and gobi in arid areas. Our research suggests that the development trends of major wind-sand engineering can be summarized as the following aspects. \mathrm{①} Revealing principles of the wind-sand engineering shelter systems; \mathrm{②} Evaluating environmental effects of the major wind-sand engineering; \mathrm{③} Functions of the wind-sand engineering transforming from simple sand prevention to eco-economic types shelter systems; \mathrm{④} A kind of treatment technology with fabricated materials and equipped construction processes needs to be studied urgently, which can make sand prevention with rapid pace, high efficiency and high quality.     

SEASONAL HEAT BUDGET IN THE TROPICAL WESTERN PACIFIC OCEAN IN A GLOBAL GCMⅠ.GENERAL DESCRIPTION

This paper describes the large scale aspects of the seasonal surface heat budget and discusses itsmain forcing mechanisms in the tropical Western Pacific Ocean.The high-resolution generalcirculation model (Semtner & Chervin,1992)used in this study reproduced well the observed upper-layer thermal structure and circulation.It is shown that at least on the average of the study region(20°S-20°N,west boundary-160°E)the semiannual variation is a dominant signal for all heat budgetcomponents and is presumably due to the sun’s passing across the equator twice a year,but that thecomponents have substantial differences in amplitude.The local Ekman divergence in the region doesnot change significantly through the year.As a result,the change in surface heat content is roughlyhalf due to ocean-atmosphere heat exchange and half due to heat advection by remotely forced verti-cal motion.Horizontal currents do not play a significant role directly by advection,because the wat-er which enters the region is not very muc