福建省主要地质灾害的特点、成因及其对策

本文主要介绍福建省主要地质灾害类型──崩塌、滑坡、泥石流、岩溶塌陷、地面沉降的主要活动表现、特点、形成机理及其主要控制、影响因素，并从管理上和技术上提出防治的对策建议。此外，文中还扼要地介绍了福建发生地质灾害的背景条件和地质灾害的危害。     

基于ArcObjects的人口电子地图系统设计与实现

介绍了采用ArcObjects作为基础平台开发重庆市人口地理信息系统的优势、方法等,探讨了基于ArcObjects的人口电子地图系统的二次开发,实现了基于ArcObjects的重庆市人口电子地图系统.     

风险思维在测绘项目管理中的应用研究

尝试在测绘项目管理过程中嵌入风险思维,提出基于PDCA循环方法对可能影响测绘项目管理的所有风险进行识别、分析和评价,并策划有效的风险应对措施,确保实现预期结果,防止发生非预期结果,从而有效提升测绘项目管理水平。     

Asian Hydroclimate Changes and Mechanisms in the Preboreal from an Annually‐laminated Stalagmite,Daoguan Cave,Southern China

One-year-resolved and annually-counted stalagmite multi-proxies(δ~(18)O, δ~(13)C, and layer width) from Daoguan Cave, Guizhou Province revealed detailed variability regarding the Asian Summer Monsoon(ASM) and local humidity across Bond events(BE) in the Preboreal. During BEs 8 and 7, 1.5‰ enrichments in δ~(18)O values were generally consistent with high-to low-latitude climate changes. In detail, the decadal-scale minor δ~(18)O oscillations in BE8 were broadly less than the mean value, in contrast to the significant changes in local soil moisture derived from the δ~(13)C values and layer records. In the mid-BE7, δ~(18)O variability was generally above the average level, and higher-amplitude variations were observed in the three proxy indicators. Wavelet analysis on the total δ~(18)O time series and across the specific time windows of BEs 8 and 7 identified periodicities of about 130, 60, and 20-a, respectively. Exceptionally strong in BE7, the 60-a cycle, pervasively observed in instrumental studies, became prominent starting at 11.4 kaBP. Thus, glacial background conditions are important for suppressing the ASM intensity in BE8, while during BE7, tropical hydrological circulations were potentially actively involved. Consequently, climate internal oscillations, analogous to modern conditions, might have occurred in the distant past once the link between the tropical ocean and atmosphere was established as occurs today.     

南京猿人洞石笋年代学研究及其古气候记录

铀系测年和石笋同位素曲线调谐年代表明,位于南京直立人头骨化石层位上之的一支石笋发育年代为３８１￣１６６ｋａ Ｂ．Ｐ．这一结果反映南京直立人生存时代早于３８１ｋａＢ．Ｐ．。从石笋方解石晶体液相包裹体δＤ测试结果定量计算了该时段内各冷、暖期的古气温,石笋显微剖面中方解石结晶习性和生长条带的特征揭示了洞穴干湿度的变化。     

荒漠河岸植被的受损过程与受损机理分析

以塔里木河多年平均地下水位数据为依据,将地下水位划分为6个环境梯度,各梯度上6次重复采集植被样地数据。从物种多样性、植被盖度与群落类型等几方面分析了植被的受损过程,以及导致此过程的受损机理。结果表明：(1) 草本植物丰富度受损发生在地下水埋深大于4 m,而木本植物丰富度受损发生在地下水埋深大于8 m。(2) 植被盖度减少始于草本植物盖度受损,与群落多样性受损的临界地下水位相同,发生在地下水埋深大于4 m;在地下水埋深大于6 m之后,植被盖度不断减少则是由木本植物盖度的减少所引起。(3) 群落类型受损体现在芦苇群落和胡杨林群落的结构与类型变化上,芦苇群落的衰退演变出现了优势种的更替,而胡杨林群落中优势种的优势地位没有变化。(4) 此受损过程是由荒漠河岸生态系统脆弱的生态基质和外界干扰共同作用的结果,起因于人口的增加、需求的增长。植被退化是人类干扰作用于植被赖以生存的环境主导因子所致。在生态受损过程中,植物功能型差异与所承受的干扰强度差异对植被退化的程度有一定影响。     

柴达木盆地早更新世湖相非冰川碎屑纹泥的初步研究

柴达木盆地东部三湖地区早更新世湖相沉积层中,阶段性地发育了具季节性韵律层理的钙质泥岩和泥灰岩。组构、粒度、矿物成分、氧碳同位素及沉积相等研究表明:这是一种成因上与湖水年季节性分层相关的非冰川碎屑纹泥。冬季泥质层中粘土矿物和泥晶碳酸盐矿物的混合沉积呼应于总体气候干旱背景。纹泥的发育与大幅度湖侵的同步性反映了区域构造运动对湖相纹泥形成的宏观控制;纹泥的物质组成、厚度等差异则指示了细微的环境变化。     

Multiscale analysis of Asian Monsoon over the past 640 ka

The empirical mode decomposition(EMD) method is used to re-analyse the high-resolution and precisely-dated stalagmite record from Chinese caves over the past 640 ka. Results show that(1) the variation in the Asian Monsoon can be completely decomposed into ten quasiperiod oscillations, among which the precession and semiprecession band oscillations are the most prominent periodicities, with contribution rates of 31.1% and 30.7%, respectively;(2) the cross-spectrum analysis of the semiprecession component and bi-hemisphere insolation(BHI) are strongly correlated, indicating an amplified response of precipitation and temperature variability to the interhemispheric insolation in the low-latitude regions, thus further affecting the intensity of the Asian Monsoon;(3) on millennial timescales, obvious oscillations at the 5 ka and 1–2 ka bands roughly correspond to the classical Bond and Dansgaard-Oeschger(DO) cycles. Additionally, a strong correlation is found between the detrended stalagmite δ18 O records and Ca/Sr sequence from the North Atlantic(especially at the 5 ka band). This result means that the 5 ka cycle is characteristic of the glacial-interglacial cycle since the middle and late Pleistocene and may imply that climate change on the millennial timescale is the result of an interaction between global ice volume and insolation.     

MIS 3晚期东亚季风强度和DO事件年龄

基于神农架山宝洞石笋(SB46)的9个230Th年龄和326个氧同位素数据,建立了末次冰期32.2～26.7kaB.P.和17.0～15.4kaB.P.的东亚季风降水序列。该序列和同一洞穴全新世石笋记录的对比发现,在MIS3晚期东亚季风区可能存在极强夏季风降水事件,相当于全新世季风强度,可能与岁差旋回太阳辐射及海陆水汽潜热释放增强有关。与葫芦洞石笋δ18O记录和格陵兰冰芯δ18O记录对比表明,东亚夏季风千年尺度气候振荡与高北纬地区海-气快速重组存在遥相关效应。山宝洞石笋年龄与葫芦洞石笋和格陵兰冰芯时标(SS09sea)在定年误差范围内基本一致,但山宝洞石笋与冰芯记录在DO事件的年龄、波形和持续时间上更为一致,不仅进一步说明了低纬季风气候与极地气温同步变化,而且有效地弥补了葫芦洞记录在这一时段的不足。