GIS空间过程建模系统初探

阐述了GIS空间过程和空间过程建模的概念，提出了空间过程建模系统的概念框架，分析了其功能需求和主要的支撑技术。     

超深地下连续墙施工中几个问题的探讨

结合武汉某地下连续墙工程,探讨了超深嵌岩地下连续墙施工过程中出现的因三轴搅拌桩施工造成成槽困难的问题,以及超深地下连续墙接头管安装和起拔问题,并提出了相应的解决措施。实践证明,这些措施是有效的,可以为武汉地区的类似工程提供参考。     

Impact factors identification of spatial heterogeneity of herbaceous plant diversity on five southern islands of Miaodao Archipelago in North China

Herbaceous plants are widely distributed on islands and where they exhibit spatial heterogeneity. Accurately identifying the impact factors that drive spatial heterogeneity can reveal typical island biodiversity patterns. Five southern islands in the Miaodao Archipelago, North China were studied herein. The spatial distribution of herbaceous plant diversity on these islands was analyzed, and the impact factors and their degree of impact on spatial heterogeneity were identified using CCA ordination and ANOVA. The results reveal 114 herbaceous plant species, belonging to 94 genera from 34 families in the 50 plots sampled. The total species numbers on different islands were significantly positively correlated with island area, and the average α diversity was correlated with human activities, while the β diversity among islands was more affected by island area than mutual distances. Spatial heterogeneity within islands indicated that the diversities were generally high in areas with higher altitude, slope, total nitrogen, total carbon, and canopy density, and lower moisture content, pH, total phosphorus, total potassium, and aspect. Among the environmental factors, pH, canopy density, total K, total P, moisture content, altitude, and slope had significant gross effects, but only canopy density exhibited a significant net effect. Terrain affected diversity by restricting plantation, plantation in turn influenced soil properties and the two together affected diversity. Therefore, plantation was ultimately the fundamental driving factor for spatial heterogeneity in herbaceous plant diversity on the five islands.     

Ore-forming fluid characteristics and genesis of vein-type lead-zinc mineralization of Xiaohongshilazi deposit,Jilin Province,China

The Xiaohongshilazi mineral deposit in Jilin Province,China,is located in the accretion zone in the northern margin of the North China Block. The deposit contains two types of ore bodies: layered Pb-Zn ore bodies in volcanic rock and vein-hosted Pb-Zn ore bodies controlled by fractures. The vein Pb-Zn ore bodies are strictly controlled by tectonic fracture zones trending in S-N direction,which comprise sulfide veins or sulfidebearing quartz veins distributed along faults or structural fissures. The ores mainly appear mesh-vein and vein structures,and also show solid-solution separation and metasomatic textures. The metal minerals are mainly sphalerite,galena,and pyrite,etc. Wall-rock alteration includes mainly sericitization,chloritization,silicification and carbonatization,etc. Microscope observations and Raman spectroscopy analyses indicate that the oreforming fluid of the vein Pb-Zn ore bodies was mainly magmatic water with low temperature,low salinity,and a shallow depth of metallogenesis( ~ 1.5 km). Sulfur and lead isotope analyses indicate that the sulfide source is mainly formation sulfur or biogenic sulfur,which is similar to the sulfur source of hydrothermal deposit( negative( δ~(34) S values),while the main Pb source was the upper crust with some mantle input. This article argues that the vein Pb-Zn ore body of the Xiaohongshilazi deposit is a low-to medium-temperature hydrothermal vein type related to the formation of a shallow magma chamber.     

气象用二等标准水银温度计检定结果不确定度分析

二等标准水银温度计(简称温度计)检定结果的不确定度,直接影响温度量值传递的检定结果.针对我国省级气象计量单位现用的温度计量标准,从温度计的测温原理、检定方法、测量不确定度分量人手,根据JJFl059-1999<测量不确定度评定与表示>规范的分析方法,利用2007年检定数据,对一套温度计的检定结果进行不确定度评定.通过对检定结果的不确定度评定,梳理出一套清晰的分析步骤和科学方法,同时也为省级气象计量部门定期接受技术监督局的计量标准考核,提供误差分析范例.     

甘肃张掖白垩纪早Aptian期黑色页岩揭示的气候岁差驱动及其意义*

白垩纪中期是温室气候的典型代表,在该时期地球经历了深刻的环境变化。有研究表明白垩纪中期欧洲低纬(约20°~30°N)地区海相地层的黑色页岩呈现斜率信号,同一时期同样纬度的中国地区以陆相沉积为主,但陆相低纬黑色页岩的轨道尺度周期研究较少。因此本研究选择甘肃张掖南台子白垩纪早Aptian期下沟组黑色页岩(古纬度约23°N)作为研究对象,以CaCO₃含量作为高分辨率古气候替代性指标,利用平均频谱拟合差和年代标尺优化法分析了南台子早Aptian期下沟组黑色页岩段的轨道周期变化,并利用频谱分析方法对调谐后的时间域序列进行分析。结果显示南台子下沟组黑色页岩段以岁差周期为主导,与欧洲低纬地区相关研究显著不同。这一气候变化的探索不仅提供了中国西北地区白垩纪轨道尺度气候变化的新证据,而且也有助于更全面认识白垩纪中期低纬地区气候变化的驱动机制。     

Early Cretaceous paleogeography of Korea and Southwest Japan inferred from occurrence of detrital chromian spinels

The Sindong Group was deposited in the north–south trending half‐graben Nakdong Trough, southern Korean peninsula. The occurrence of detrital chromian spinels from the Jinju Formation of the Sindong Group in the Gyeongsang Basin means that the mafic to ultramafic rocks were exposed in its provenance. The chromian spinels from the Jinju Formation are characterized by extremely low TiO₂ and Fe³⁺. Moreover, their range of Cr# is from 0.45 to 0.80 and makes a single trend with Mg#. The chemistry of chromian spinels implies that the source rocks for chromian spinels were peridotites or serpentinites, which originated in the mantle wedge. To more narrowly constrain their source rocks, the Ulsan and Andong serpentinites exposed in the Gyeongsang Basin were examined petrographically. Chromian spinels in the Andong serpentinite differ from those of the Jinju Formation and those in the Ulsan serpentinite partly resemble them. Furthermore, the Jinju chromian spinel suite is similar to the detrital chromian spinels from the Mesozoic sediments in the Circum‐Hida Tectonic zone, which includes the Nagato Tectonic zone in Southwest Japan and the Joetsu Belt in Northeast Japan. This suggests that the basement rocks, which were located along the main fault bounding the eastern edge of the Nakdong Trough, had exposures of peridotite or serpentinite. It is possible that the Nakdong Trough was directly adjacent to the Circum‐Hida Tectonic zone before the opening of the Sea of Japan (East Sea).     

太阳活动预报中的模糊识别综合指数

在太阳活动预报中,预报因子的选取和处理对预报效果影响甚大。本文在云台原有的平均综合指数基础上,运用模糊识别方法,给出了一种模糊识别综合指数,它能更好地表征太阳日面活动区的活动特征。这种方法简单、方便,较充分地利用了预报因子中所含有的有用信息,从而使识别预报率有所提高。     

锯缘青蟹NAGase的催化机理的判断

以p-硝基苯酚-β-D-氨基葡萄糖苷（pNP-NAG）为底物，研究产物类似物：p-羧基苯酚和苯酚对青蟹N-乙酰-β-D-氨基葡萄糖苷酶（NAGase，Ec3．2．1．52）活力的影响．结果表明：p-羧基苯酚和苯酚对该酶有抑制的作用，IC50分别为20．0和100．0mmol／dm^3．p-羧基苯酚和苯酚对酶的抑制均表现为竞争性类型，其抑制常数K1分别为5．03和25．67mmol／dm^3．结合产物N-乙酰-β-D-氨基葡萄糖（NAG）抑制作用表现为反竞争性类型，判断NAGase水解pNP-NAG反应为有序双双反应（Ordered Bi Bi）．     

一种数字三分量地震微测井仪器设计

针对当前地震微测井仪器在施工和数据采集方面的难题,从提高数据采集质量及仪器功能性方面提出了几种改进方法.主要利用MEMS加速度传感器结合多路并行处理采集方法设计了数字检波器,并集成姿态检测技术直接实现水平分量数据的校正功能,保证系统采集的质量;提出了Ethernet-RS485分布式总线自动控制技术,实现各级联探管的随机组合,同时采用电动方式控制探管操作,提高系统的集成化程度.文中详细分析了利用姿态检测技术实现水平分量数据校正的方法,解决了级联探管随机组合控制和震源激发方位的判定问题.仪器单节探管支持三分量并行采集,有效分辨率达18位,参数可远程配置,同时具备快速显示探管姿态的功能,且支持远程控制,非常适于复杂环境下的工程勘探,整个系统实现全数字化操作且仅需四芯电缆互连,从而缩小了设备的体积和重量,降低施工布线的复杂性.