柳州夏季一次雨夹冰雹的天气过程分析

利用常规地面观测、柳州地面自动站、FY-2C卫星、柳州和河池的多普勒天气雷达观测资料,对2014年7月22日夏季柳州发生的一次短暂的雨夹冰雹天气过程的环境条件和雷达产品特征进行分析,主要结果如下:受副高和台风外围气流影响,柳州全市出现了37℃以上大范围的高温天气,天气尺度和中尺度的上升运动较弱,局地性质的加热作用导致大气的不稳定度加强而诱发对流云系进一步发展造成的;雷达显示的冰雹云的最大基本反射率因子为65d BZ,强回波区面积小;风速的切变和辐合上升运动小,0℃层高度较高,不利于对流系统的发展和维持。     

Correlation between molecular absorption spectral slope ratios and fluorescence humification indices in characterizing CDOM

Ultraviolet–visible absorption spectral slope ratios S_R (slope in 275–295 nm divided by slope in 350–400 nm) and humification index (HIX, integrated fluorescence emission in 435–480 nm divided by that in 435–480 and 300–345 nm) were compared when characterizing chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) in three humic acids and 44 whole water samples. HIX increased with increasing pH for humic acids, while their S_R showed much more complicated dependencies on pH. There was a negative correlation between S_R and HIX. S_R increased in the order terrestrial coal/peat < terrestrial soil/river < seawater, while HIX increased in the order seawater < terrestrial soil/river < terrestrial coal/peat. The comparative study in this work indicates that terrestrially derived CDOM has higher HIX and lower S_R than marine CDOM. Investigators may potentially use these two indices to compare qualitatively the character of CDOM in different sources (e.g., terrestrial vs. marine).     

海洋中铁的来源、形态和对初级生产力的限制作用

在海洋中,铁和Ｎ、Ｐ等主营养盐一样,也是一种限制浮游植物初级生产力的重要因素。由于铁是一种化学活性较高的元素,所以海水中铁的存在形态、来源及沉降会直接影响其生物可利用性。目前人们一般采用预富集／原子吸收法（ＡＡＳ）或是借助于电分析技术（如催化极谱）来测定海水中的铁。     

Incorporating uncertainty into the estimation of biological reference points for a spiny lobster (Panulirus penicillatus) fishery

The status of a fishery is often defined as the probability of fishing mortality rate exceeding a perilous level for long‐term sustainability. Lobster stock assessments are often subject to large uncertainty in input data and high levels of natural variability in lobster life history processes, which calls for incorporating uncertainty associated with both indicator and management reference points in an evaluation of biological risk of overfishing. Using a Monte Carlo simulation approach, we evaluated the impacts of uncertainty in modelling on the determination of the status of the Taitung spiny lobster (Panulirus penicillatus) fishery (Taiwan), which has not been quantitatively determined despite its commercial importance. The commonly used biological reference points derived from the per recruit model (F _0.1 the fishing mortality rate where the slope of the curve of yield‐per‐recruit model is 10% of the maximum slope and F _4Q%, the fishing mortality rate that reduces the expected egg production for a cohort of female lobsters to 40% of that produced in the absence of a fishery of the egg‐per‐recruit model) were influenced by uncertainties associated with lobster life history and fishery parameters. A large uncertainty in the current fishing mortality rate (F _cnr) and estimates of biological reference points (F _BRPs) increased the uncertainty in determining the risk of overexploitation throughout the confidence levels of the stochastic decision‐making framework. This simulation study suggests that the target reference point of F _40% is less sensitive to the input parameters’ uncertainty than F _0.1 We suggest a further evaluation of other F‐based references points and development of biomass‐based reference points before final selection and implementation for the management of the Taitung lobster fishery.     

One new species of free-living marine nematodes (Enoplida,Anticomidae, Cephalanticoma) from the Huanghai Sea

One new species of free-living marine nematodes Cephalanticoma filicaudata sp. nov. from the Huanghai Sea, China is described and illustrated. Cephalanticoma filicaudata sp. nov. is characterized by well developed cephalic capsule, three teeth at the anterior of oesophagus, excretory pore opens posterior to cervical setae, only two cervical setae per file, body length longer than 5 200 μm, tail long and no ventral-lateral seta between the supplement and the cloacal opening. Types are deposited in the College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China.     

4种海洋贝类对水体中Pb的富集规律

为了研究泥蚶、菲律宾蛤、缢蛏和单齿螺等海洋贝类对海水中Pb的富集规律,本文在设置Pb质量浓度分别为0.001 0,0.003 5,0.006 0,0.011 0,0.026 0和0.051 0 mg/L 6个试验组中,采用半静水法进行泥蚶、菲律宾蛤、缢蛏和单齿螺对海水中Pb的富集试验,分别在0,1,3,5,10,15,20,25和30 d时取出部分贝类用微波消解原子吸收光谱法测定Pb含量,并探讨了贝类对Pb的富集机制,比较了不同贝类对Pb的富集能力。实验结果表明:4种贝类均表现出了对Pb有一定的富集效应。水体中Pb质量浓度达到0.003 5 mg/L时,泥蚶对Pb富集明显;水体中Pb质量浓度达到0.006 0 mg/L时,菲律宾蛤对Pb富集明显。水体中Pb质量浓度达到0.011 0 mg/L时,缢蛏和单齿螺对Pb富集明显。总体上,贝类体内重金属含量随着水体中Pb质量浓度和富集时间的增加而增加。在Pb质量浓度低于0.051 mg/L的所有试验组中,时间越长,贝类体内富集的Pb含量越高,但在3 d左右时,贝类体内富集的Pb含量却出现低值。     

西沙群岛白云岩-铁白云岩岩相学特征

西沙群岛永兴岛西永2井和石岛西科1井均发现铁白云岩。主要通过X光粉晶衍射、偏光显微镜和扫描电镜技术完成测试,分析白云岩-铁白云岩分布及岩相学特征。X光粉晶衍射测试结果及综合分析表明,西科1井发育11层铁白云岩,西永2井发育8层铁白云岩。通过偏光显微镜鉴定,发现西永2井中新世白云岩主要为生物碎屑白云岩,白云石晶体呈粉晶—细晶结构;某些层段含较高铁白云石,呈微晶—粉晶状。通过薄片观察分析发现,西科1井发育大量物碎屑白云岩,多细晶—粉晶结构,自形—半自形为主,部分样品可见黑色铁质氧化物或者胶结物。扫描电镜观察发现2个井多数白云石为典型菱形多面体结构,白云化程度高。     

基于网络药理学探讨附子-细辛对高血压病的作用机制

目的：基于网络药理学研究附子-细辛对高血压病的作用机制。方法：运用TCMSP数据库挖掘出附子-细辛的有效成分及药物预测靶点,采用5个生物信息数据库检索出高血压病的疾病预测靶标,构建药物靶点-疾病靶标交集,使用Cytoscape生物信息分析软件绘制“成分-靶点-疾病”中药调控网络,基于STRING数据库构建“药物-疾病”相关靶点的蛋白互作网络（PPI）,并对其进行GO和KEGG的生物信息学分析。结果：通过生物利用度和类药性筛选得到附子-细辛的有效成分29个,对应药物靶点1807个,高血压病的疾病靶标8505个,构建的药物靶点-疾病靶标交集80个。与高血压病密切相关的GO富集条目91个,KEGG信号通路123条,主要涉及流体剪切应力与动脉粥样硬化、糖尿病并发症中的AGE-RAGE信号通路、白细胞介素（IL）-17信号通路、丝裂原活化蛋白激酶（MAPK）信号通路、PI3K-Akt信号通路等。结论：附子-细辛药对与高血压病密切相关,能够通过一条或多条通路协同发挥药效作用,考虑其可能是通过干预血液的流体剪切应力影响动脉粥样硬化与心血管重塑再生而实现的。     

Automated multi-scale classification of the terrain units of the Jiaxie Guyots and their mineral resource characteristics

Given the advances in satellite altimetry and multibeam bathymetry, benthic terrain classification based on digital bathymetric models (DBMs) has been widely used for the mapping of benthic topographies. For instance, cobalt-rich crusts (CRCs) are important mineral resources found on seamounts and guyots in the western Pacific Ocean. Thick, plate-like CRCs are known to form on the summit and slopes of seamounts at the 1 000–3 000 m depth, while the relationship between seamount topography and spatial distribution of CRCs remains unclear. The benthic terrain classification of seamounts can solve this problem, thereby, facilitating the rapid exploration of seamount CRCs. Our study used an EM122 multibeam echosounder to retrieve high-resolution bathymetry data in the CRCs contract license area of China, i.e., the Jiaxie Guyots in 2015 and 2016. Based on the DBM construted by bathymetirc data, broad- and fine-scale bathymetric position indices were utilized for quantitative classification of the terrain units of the Jiaxie Guyots on multiple scales. The classification revealed four first-order terrain units (e.g., flat, crest, slope, and depression) and eleven second-order terrain units (e.g., local crests, depressions on crests, gentle slopes, crests on slopes, and local depressions, etc.). Furthermore, the classification of the terrain and geological analysis indicated that the Weijia Guyot has a large flat summit, with local crests at the southern summit, whereas most of the guyot flanks were covered by gentle slopes. “Radial” mountain ridges have developed on the eastern side, while large-scale gravitational landslides have developed on the western and southern flanks. Additionally, landslide masses can be observed at the bottom of these slopes. The coverage of local crests on the seamount is ~1 000 km2, and the local crests on the peak and flanks of the guyots may be the areas where thick and continuous plate-like CRCs are likely to occur.     

基于分段副产物瞬时选择性的反应器网络综合

针对第三类反应体系的反应器网络综合问题,提出将串联反应以反应物到目的产物的反应步数为依据的新分段策略。通过比较不分段目的产物、不分段目的产物和中间产品、分段副产物和分段目的产物这四种不同的瞬时选择性,提出以分段副产物瞬时选择性为参数,以其对关键组分浓度或转化率的导数为依据选择各阶段最合适的反应器,以目的产物总选择性最大为目标采用遗传算法优化反应器网络。通过三个实例验证了本文所建立方法在解决复杂反应反应器网络综合问题的有效性,且本方法同样适用于简单反应体系。