多空隙组合地质单元渗流理论分析与试验

岩体通常是以孔隙岩石为基质并包含各种成因的裂隙和溶隙的复杂多空隙组合地质材料。为研究孔隙-裂隙-溶隙多空隙组合介质的渗流特性,在简要介绍多孔介质渗流Darcy定律、平板窄缝流Poiseuille定律和圆形管道流Darcy-Weibach理论的基础上,分析了几种孔隙-裂隙-溶隙组合情况的多空隙介质渗流特性,推导出相应组合的等效渗透系数KE,给出了描述多空隙组合介质KE的一般表达式,讨论了影响各种空隙组合KE的主要因素。以普通砖模拟岩石基质,通过砖身钻孔填充及砖间缝隙填充,试验模拟了岩溶岩体和裂隙岩体中溶孔和裂隙填充后的渗透情况。试验结果与所推求理论公式计算出的KE在同一量级且误差很小,很好地验证了所推导的多空隙组合介质渗透系数表达式的有效性。     

地震相和测井相联合预测火山岩相分布特征研究

以火山岩的基本地质特征、测井特征与测井相及其地震相特征与地震相分类为基础,依据测井相所建立的火山岩相模式,时地震相进行标定,形成由火山岩相、测井相和地震相组成的"三相"技术.该技术建立起"三相"之间的对应关系,以揭示火山岩相空间展布规律及变化特征.将"三相"技术应用于某盆地北部地区的营城组火山岩相研究.把营城组一段的地震相转换成火山岩相,得到火山岩相的平面分布,有效地预测出某盆地北部地区营城组一段火山岩的空间展布规律和火山岩储层有利相带.钻井证实:火山岩相之通道相岩石的物性最好,侵出相和爆发相次之,火山沉积相最差;火山岩相以火山颈岩物性最好,溢流相顶部次之.     

Iron isotopic analyses of geological reference materials on MC-ICP-MS with instrumental mass bias corrected by three independent methods

Here we report iron (Fe) isotopic data of three pure Fe solution standards (IRMM-014, GSB Fe, and NIST 3126a) and five widely used geological reference materials (RMs) from the United States Geological Survey and Geological Survey of Japan obtained on a Neptune Plus multi-collector–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometer (MC-ICP-MS) in our laboratory over the past 3 years. The instrumental mass bias was corrected by three independent methods: sample-standard bracketing (SSB), Ni doping?+?SSB, and ⁵⁷Fe–⁵⁸Fe double spike?+?SSB. Measurements reveal that both the Ni doping and double spike methods helped calibrate short-term fluctuations in mass bias. Collectively, almost all measurements of RMs yielded δ⁵⁶Fe within?±?0.05 of recommended values, provided that each sample was measured four times on MC-ICP-MS. For the first time, new recommended values for NIST SRM3126a are reported (δ⁵⁶Fe?=?0.363?±?0.006, 2SE, 95% CI; and δ⁵⁷Fe?=?0.534?±?0.010, 2SE).     

Magma type and genesis of the basic-ultrabasic layered intrusions in Panzhihua-Xichang area,Southwest China

The layered intrusions in the Panzhihua-Xichang area may be grouped into two types: basic rock masses represented by the Panzhihua rockbody and basic-ultrabasic rock masses represented by the Hongge rockbody. Their major difference lies in that the former has poorly developed ultramafic facies, while the latter is characterized by well developed mafic facies and ultramafic facies. There exists apparent rhythmic stratification in the rock masses, which can be basically divided into four grades in terms of superimposition relationship and multicycle characters. Both direct and indirect evidence suggest that the magma responsible for the layered intrusions in this area should be a transition-type alkaline olivine basalt magma derived directly from partial melting of the upper mantle. In rhythmic cycles of various grades, the magmatic evolution is characterized obviously by periodicity and early enrichment of Fe and Ti, which is evidently different from the evolution of the Skaergaard magma in which Fe and Ti are enriched at the late stage. The FCA diagram can be used to describe the unique evolutionary trend of magma in this area. It is demonstrated in this diagram that the enrichment of Fe and Ti is consistent with the increase of basicity. In the upper magmatic chamber, the evolutionary trend of magma is conditioned by the difference in pressure, and this enables magma to form different types of rock assemblage. In the Fo-Di-An system, when the pressure exceeds 5 x 18⁸ Pa, forsterite is incompatible with anorthite, and the rock facies sequence of Hongge type might form; when the pressure is lower than 5 x 10⁸ Pa, forsterite can coexist with anorthite, and the rock facies sequence of Panzhihua type is likely to form if the magma is relatively rich in Mg and Fe components.     

岩浆-流体过渡和阿尔泰三号伟晶岩脉之成因

本文对新疆阿尔泰可可托海的三号伟晶岩形成的物理化学条件、特别是流体-熔融包裹体进行了研究，证明岩浆的确可以分出热液，对于三号伟晶岩脉来说，这种热液组分主要是NaCl－CO2－H2O流体。     

磷对过铝质岩浆液相线温度影响的实验研究

以宜春414岩体中的钠长花岗岩作为实验初始物,利用"RQV-快速内冷淬火"高温高压装置实验研究了100MPa压力、含5%H2O条件下,P对过铝质花岗岩液相线温度的影响.实验结果表明,碱性长石是最早结晶的矿物;随着体系中P2O5含量从0.27%增加到7.71%,液相线温度从最初的810℃降低到740℃,表明P有效地降低了过铝质岩浆体系的液相线温度.在过铝质岩浆体系中,P5+与Al3+的结合形成AlPO4,降低了熔体中碱性长石组分的活度,很可能是液相线温度降低的机制.     

内蒙古乌拉山地区沙德盖岩体年代学、地球化学特征及成因探讨

沙德盖岩体位于华北克拉通北缘中段、哈达门沟大型金（钼）矿田范围内。首次利用锆石 SHRIMP U-Pb法对其定年,获得15个锆石颗粒²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U年龄的加权平均值（221.6±2.1） Ma（MSWD=1.6）,表明岩体侵位于印支中期。岩石地球化学特征表现为高硅（SiO₂质量分数为71.21%～73.67%）、富钾（K₂O/Na₂O为1.01～1.37）、富碱（K₂O+Na₂O为8.23%～9.96%）、弱过铝质（Al₂O₃为13.11%～14.31%）,里特曼指数σ=2.43～3.52,钙碱性-碱性;富集轻稀土（LREE/HREE为17.68～14.92,（La/Yb）|_N为22.85～16.58）和Eu略亏损（δEu=0.95～0.93）;微量元素亏损Nb、Ta、P、Ti、Sr,富集K、La、Ce、Hf等元素,具有A型花岗岩特征;(⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)i=0.705 31～0.702 29,(¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd)_i=0.511 682～0.511 620,ε_Nd(t)=-13.1～-14.3,具有壳源特点;钕两阶段模式年龄T_2DM=2 061～2 160 Ma,在铅构造模式图上样品投点于地幔与下地壳之间。综合分析认为其形成于同碰撞向后碰撞构造体制转换,伸展构造和幔源基性岩浆的底侵导致早期古老基底地壳部分熔融,很可能是形成沙德盖岩体的主要动力机制。华北克拉通北缘印支期构造岩浆活动及成矿作用是普遍存在的。     

Geochemical Characteristics and Genesis of Late Cretaceous to Paleogene Basalts in the Tuyon Basin, South Tianshan Mountains

1. Introduction The Tianshan Mountains is a typical intercontinental orogenic belt in the world. From late Carboniferous to Permian, the old Tianshan formed during the tectonic amalgamation of the Tarim block, Tianshan block and Siberia craton (Carroll et al, 1990). Mid-Cenozoic basalts are widely distributed in both the Tuyon basin of southwest Tianshan and its western part of Tianshan in Jierjisi in late Cretaceous-Paleogene period, which indicates the activation of the old Tianshan.…     

Fe3+纳米胶体颗粒的光吸收边蓝移与溶液中Al/Fe比的关系

合成了n（Al）／n（Fe）和碱化度不同的45个聚合氯化铝铁（PAFC）样品,进行了光谱分析,结果显示光吸收边蓝移或红移以及Fe（Ⅲ）羟基氧化物和Al-Fe共聚体纳米胶体颗粒大小分布与溶液的Al／Fe比和碱化度（B=[OH]／[Al＋Fe]）密切相关。电镜观察和电子衍射分析表明：Al（Ⅲ）的加入使Fe（Ⅲ）羟基氧化物和Al-Fe共聚体纳米胶体颗粒变小、有序度降低是造成PAFE光吸收边蓝移和保持胶体颗粒在亚稳定状态下存在的重要原因。当n（Al）／n（Fe）〉8：2后,PAFC溶液中Fe（Ⅲ）羟基氧化物和Al-Fe共聚体胶体主要以〈10m的纳米颗粒形态存在,对应的光谱能级提高到26000cm^-1以上,且各种曰值下Fe^3＋的光谱能级趋于一致。这表明,在大量Al（Ⅲ）存在条件下,PAFE中Fe3^＋的所处的化学环境相似。点能谱分析显示,n（Al）／n（Fe）=4：6的样品中颗粒物的化学计量比最接近AlOOH,FeOOH,溶液的稳定性最差。     

龙门山造山带构造地层学研究

龙门山造山带属青藏高原东缘的陆内造山带 ,是一个独立的地层复合体 ,地层记录具有复杂性、混杂性、不连续性、不完整性和分带性等特征 ;根据龙门山造山带地层的构造变形、变位和变质特征以及边界断裂特征 ,可将龙门山造山带划分为 A、B、C三个构造地层带 ,其中 A带位于青川—茂汶断裂与北川—映秀断裂之间 ,属变形变质构造地层带 ,主要由志留系—泥盆系浅变质岩和前寒武系杂岩构成 ;B带位于北川—映秀断裂与彭灌断裂之间 ,属变形变位构造地层带 ,主要由上古生界—三叠系沉积岩构成 ;C带位于彭灌断裂与广元—大邑断裂之间 ,属变形构造地层带 ,主要由侏罗系至第三系红层构成。对不同类型构造地层带采用了不同的地层学研究方法 ,并建立了各个构造地层带的独立的地层系统 ,其中 A带采用构造—地 (岩 )层分析方法 ,B带采用构造片—地层分析方法 ,C带采用构造层序地层分析方法。