基于PSR模型的渔业用岛生态状况评价——以菜坨子岛为例

菜坨子岛位于大连市长海县,为无居民海岛,功能定位为渔业用岛。依据无居民海岛生态系统的特点和渔业用岛功能定位,文章使用压力-状态-响应模型设置3层指标体系,对菜坨子岛生态状况进行评价。指标评价方法采用专家评价法及单因子环境质量指数法、综合评价指数法等计算各级权重值和指标值。基于2015年现场调查数据,采用层次分析法对压力-状态-响应模型进行计算,得出菜坨子岛年生态状况分值及评价结果。结果表明,菜坨子岛总体状态为“优”（分值为0.811 1）。此外,经过对评价指标进一步优化后,可将该评价方法推广到对其他渔业用无居民海岛的生态状况评价,为其开发和保护提供依据。     

Sedimentary characteristics and the implications of cobalt-rich crusts resources at Caiwei Guyot in the Western Pacific Ocean

Abstract

Cobalt-rich crust has attracted increased attention due to their economic value. Studies have indicated that seamounts in the Western Pacific Ocean are rich in cobalt-rich crust resources. The Caiwei Guyot in Western Pacific Ocean is one of the cobalt-rich crust exploration areas contracted between China and the International Seabed Authority. A large volume of research has been conducted to elucidate the tectonic evolution, basement type, sediment type, gravity and magnetic anomaly characteristics, and geochemical characteristics of shallow surface sediments at Caiwei Guyot. However, a research gap exists on the sedimentary strata below the pelagic deposits and above the volcanic basement of the Caiwei Guyot. This paper summarizes that two main types of sediments existing on the top of Caiwei Guyot. The deposition thickness on the top of Caiwei Guyot is characterized by three sedimentary centers and exposed periphery. Pelagic sediments are difficult to form at the northeastern portion and edge area of Caiwei Guyot due to the strong bottom current environment, which makes these areas suitable for crust growth. This paper delineated three cobalt-rich crust prospective areas at the Caiwei Guyot with of significant implications for exploration and mining-lease-block selections at Caiwei Guyot.     

水下仿生扑翼机器人的发展现状综述

参照蝠鲼等鱼类游动方式所研制的水下仿生扑翼机器人具有效率高、机动性强、负载能力大等多方面优势。由于其广阔的应用前景,水下仿生扑翼机器人已逐步成为水下航行器领域的研究热点。本文系统地将蝠鲼的生物学特性、机器人的结构设计、动力学模型、单体运动控制、集群运动控制以及实验研究等方面的国内外研究进展进行了总结和梳理。已有的研究表明：水下仿生扑翼机器人正在朝着软体化、集群化、 高机动等方向发展,新兴的水下仿生扑翼机器人及仿生集群能够更加精确的模拟真实生物的游动姿态,并开展相关任务。当下的研究为水下仿生扑翼机器人性能的进一步优化与提升奠定了坚实的理论与实践基础。     

基于SWOT分析的南海区海洋牧场发展路径

海洋牧场作为修复海洋生态系统和实现渔业资源增殖的现代渔业模式,是促进海洋经济绿色发展、推动传统渔业转型升级和构筑海洋命运共同体中的重要一环。然而,在实际建设中存在多种制约现代海洋牧场高质量发展的因素。合理规划海洋牧场,充分发挥其生态、社会、经济效益,对海洋牧场持续发展至关重要。文章对南海区海洋牧场的建设、技术发展及政策管理现状进行了总结,并利用SWOT分析法对南海区海洋牧场的发展情况进行了综合分析,阐释了南海区海洋牧场发展存在的优势、劣势、机遇和挑战,并结合国内外海洋牧场建设的经验及发展趋势,提出了南海区海洋牧场产业发展的路径,以期为我国海洋牧场高质量发展提供借鉴。     

ICESat-2激光卫星与光学遥感影像融合水深测量

针对浅海测深的数据特点和应用需求,以我国南海甘泉岛为例,研究了利用ICESat-2(Ice,Cloud,and Land Elevation Satellite-2)激光卫星数据和光学遥感影像开展主被动融合水深测量的方法。首先通过信号点提取、水面/水底识别、水下点折射改正等步骤处理ICESat-2数据,获得水深值,随后以激光点作为控制,计算光学水深反演模型参数,最后由点及面地获取大范围高精度水深。实验表明,甘泉岛区域主被动融合测深中误差优于1.30m,基于激光卫星数据的主被动融合测深方法能够为浅水水深测量提供新手段。     

An alkaline unwinding assay for the detection of DNA damage in aquatic organisms

This paper reports a rapid and facile procedure for obtaining of DNA from small, whole aquatic organisms (fathead minnow, Pimephales promelas) as well as from the liver of another species (bluegill sunfish, Lepomis macrochirus) and the subsequent estimation of its double strandedness. DNA was isolated from various tissues by homogenization in a basic pH solution containing detergent followed by differential extraction using organic solvents. Additional purification was accomplished by molecular sieve chromatography. Under defined alkaline unwinding conditions, the amount of double-stranded and single-stranded DNA was determined using the bisbenzimidazole dye Hoechst 33258. The technique was used to detect the occurrence of strand breaks in DNA of fathead minnows chemically exposed to benzo[a]pyrene.     

哀牢山-红河断裂带中段应变分析

对哀牢山—红河断裂带中段和平—水塘剖面、墨江—元江剖面和其它地段的岩石应变及磁组构进行了分析，表明应变强度的校正磁各向异性度PJ从断裂带向西至三叠系明显降低，变形强度向西迅速减弱。磁化率椭球体主轴展布反映出剪切带内、外变形方式的改变。剪切带内，以水平走滑运动为主；向西则以水平缩短为主。在应变分析中，对断裂带内的S—C组构两组面理夹角、杏仁体和石榴石应变标志体进行了测量，结果显示，剪切带内的磁组构和岩石组构间关系较差。此外，还对这两条剖面中的三叠系进行了应变和磁组构分析，找出了它们与磁化率椭球体对应轴率间的相关性。     

不同软基处理方法适用性比较

总结分析了国内外现有的软土地基处理的各种方法。通过对采用不同方法进行软基处理的工程实例处理效果的定量对比，发现不同软基处理方法的适用性差异很大，多数工程中仅用一种方法很难达到设计要求，而两种或多种方法联合则可望取得更好的效果。     

Wave-induced surge motion of a tension leg structure

An analytical solution for the coupling problem of a two-dimensional tension leg structure interacting with a monochromatic linear wave train in an inviscid and incompressible fluid is presented. The tension legs are considered to be linearly elastic. The flow is further assumed to be irrotational and single-valued velocity potentials can then be defined.The boundary value problem is incorporated into a scattering and a radiation problem. The boundary value problems are then solved separately and combined to resolve all unknowns. The complete solutions of the velocity potentials are represented by the series of eigen-functions, and the surge motion of the structure is described in terms of the incident wave properties.The analytical solution is compared with a computer-coded numerical solution utilizing the boundary element method. The solutions agree very well, and both predict a resonant frequency for a specific structure which is different from the natural frequency of the structure due to the presence of the evanescent waves caused by the structure.     

基于GIS数据仓库的激光单分子海洋油气化探数据可视化处理

采用基于地理信息系统(GIS)的数据仓库技术,以激光单分子海洋油气化探数据处理与评价作为数据仓库主题,实现了激光单分子海洋油气化探数据的可视化处理。将可视化处理分为4个步骤:数据预处理、异常背景分析、异常分析、异常综合评价;使用MAPX、DELPHI等软件研制开发了相应的可视化软件模块。通过对渤海湾盆地某测区实测的甲苯化探数据的处理,验证了所开发技术的实用性。