静海地震台地磁加卸载响应比与邻区地震关系研究

研究分析了静海地磁台2002～2006年观测资料的加卸载响应比异常与邻区ML 4.0以上地震之间的关系,提出了适用于静海地磁台的地震分析预报异常形态特征和阈值判据.     

川西高原水环境的氧化还原特征初探

从川西高原饮用水赋存的环境-地质条件出发进行研究,较全面的探讨了该区气象、水文、土壤等环境要素对水中氧化还原电位的制约作用。通过对研究区内饮用水赋存环境的一系列环境地质调查与氧化还原电位的现场测试可以得出：（1）该研究区所处特殊的地理位置（青藏高原的东南部-横断山系北段,属川西高山高原区）导致该区具有冬长,无夏,春秋短,气温低,温差大等独有的气象条件;该区主要的构造侵蚀高山地貌类型导致地下水循环具有径流途径短,水力坡度大,水-土间交换作用十分强烈的特点,该区土壤的特点是淋滤作用较强且成弱酸性等,这三个环境要素的特点是直接导致该区饮用水中氧化还原电位值升高的主要原因;（2）由于不同类型水（河水、沟水、泉水、土井水）其与大气接触程度的差异导致其氧化还原值呈现由高到低的趋势,即河水〉沟水〉泉水〉土井水。     

The uncertainty importance measure of slope stability based on the moment-independent method

Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment - It is well known that there are many uncertainties in slope engineering, which have great impacts on slope stability models. However, the...     

A CASE STUDY ON SANDSTORM

The favourable synoptic situation and climate background for a sandstorm process,which occurred in theperiod 9—16 April 1988,have been studied through analyzing weather maps,meteorological elements,satellitecloud pictures and sandstorm trajectories.The sand dust origin area,the directions and the paths of sanddust transport,and the extent the sand dust reached are also investigated.The results of measurments andanalysis indicate that the concentration of sand dust particles is 10 times greater than the normal.It is also shownthat the elements in the sand dust are lithophylic and come from natural source through the chemical composi-tion analysis of the sand dust,so that the sand dust has not been polluted by human activities.     

1981—1982年纬向非对称基本流正压不稳定对30—50天振荡作用的诊断分析

本文运用Hoskins和Simmons的波流相互作用原理,分析1981—1982年冬、夏季对流层高层200hPa上纬向非对称基本流(时间平均流)的正压不稳定和30—50天振荡的关系。指出西风急流的出口区是30—50天振荡动能和基本流以及低频振荡相互作用的最强的区域,且低频振荡从基本流的正压不稳定中获得能量,并在一周内得到充分的发展。 另外还表明,由于基本流的正压不稳定作用,使40°N的亚洲大陆和沿海及45°N的大西洋中部附近成为夏季30—50天振荡的主要能源区,使30°N的中太平洋和40°N的北美东部附近成为冬季30—50天振荡的主要能源区。      

冬夏季节热带副热带OLR场的遥相关分析

本文利用NOAA13年月平均格点资料分析了冬夏热带副热带射出长波辐射(OLR)的气候特征及其遥相关结构。结果表明,OLR场的高低值带有明显的季节变动,低值带中心从冬至夏由赤道西太平洋地区向西北移至孟加拉湾,高值带从冬至夏北移约10—15个纬度,但东南太平洋高值区的位置无明显季节变动。 遥相关结构分析表明,冬夏季节OLR场分别有8个遥相关关键区,它们之间存在着较强的同时性遥相关联系。冬季遥相关型主要由位于赤道低纬度“印度洋—西太平洋—东太平洋—大西洋”的纬向2波式遥相关和在太平洋中部、东亚地区,南北半球副热带与赤道地区的经向负遥相关型组成。夏季OLR遥相关关键区主要分布在孟加拉湾至赤道西太平洋、东太平洋与低纬度大西洋和中纬度东亚沿海与北美大陆,构成低纬度和中纬度两类纬向正遥相关型。进一步分析发现,冬夏OLR遥相关型的年际变化较好地揭示了OLR场异常与ENSO、低纬度Walker、Hadley环流等海—气系统异常的整体联系。      

Uncertainty estimation of the global temperature trends for multiple radiosondes, reanalyses, and CMIP3/IPCC climate model simulations

Based on three groups of datasets that include radiosondes, reanalyses, and climate model simulations (e.g., Coupled Model Intercomparison Project, CMIP3) from 1979 to 2008, the interannual variability, global temperature trends, and their uncertainty using ensemble spread among intra-group and inter-group datasets have been discussed. The results show that the interannual temperature variability increased from the troposphere to stratosphere, and the maximum occurs around 50?hPa. The CMIP3 climate models have the largest discrepancy in the stratosphere. The intra-group correlations at 500?hPa generally show high similarity within each data group while the inter-group correlations between reanalyses and the CMIP3 climate model simulations indicate lesser similarity. In contrast, the inter-group correlation at 50?hPa is improved except with the Japanese 25-year Reanalysis Project (JRA-25) dataset, and the Twentieth Century Reanalysis (20CR) reanalysis shows a weak cross correlation. The global temperature trends are highly dependent on the individual data sources. Compared to the radiosondes, the reanalyses show a large ensemble spread of trends in the stratosphere, and the CMIP3 climate model simulations have a large ensemble spread in the height of the crossover point where tropospheric warming changes into stratospheric cooling. The largest ensemble spread among the reanalyses in the stratosphere is mainly from the large discrepancy in the JRA-25 reanalysis after 1998 and a relatively weak anomaly in the 20CR before 1986. The largest ensemble spread among the CMIP3 climate models in the troposphere is related to the influence of both volcanic eruptions and El Ni?o/La Ni?a–Southern Oscillation events. The strong anomalies corresponding to the volcanic eruptions of El Chichon in 1982 and Mt Pinatubo in 1991 are clearly identified in the stratosphere. These volcanic eruptions reduced the warming in the troposphere and strengthened the cooling in the stratosphere during the most recent 30?years.     

INTERACTION BETWEEN TROPICAL CYCLONE AND MEIYU FRONT*

Generally speaking,the convection activities are inactive over western Pacific warm pool and tropical cyclone (TC) activity seldom occurs over the offshore of East Asia during the period of Meiyu rainfall.However,if a TC is active in this area,the Meiyu rainfall will often weaken or end up.Based on a statistical study with the data from 1980 to 1995,it is found that about 91% of 23 TC activities affected the intensity of Meiyu rainfall,and 50% of the end-up of Meiyu events were related to the active TCs and the change of subtropical high.The present paper simulates the effect of TC on Meiyu circulation by using MM4 model,and the results agree with the observations.From the point of view of vapor and energy transport,the landing of TC cuts not only the transport of the water vapor to Changjiang-Huaihe River basin from the Bay of Bengal but also the conversion of the mean flow energy to the Meiyu circulation because of the TC forcing to the zonal circulation.These two effects make the convection and perturbation existing in Meiyu region lack the supply of the vapor and energy for their maintenance and lead to the end of Meiyu rainfall.