复杂造山带地区三维地质填图中深部地质结构的约束方法: 西准噶尔克拉玛依后山地区三维地质填图实践

在地球物理资料稀少、钻孔数据匮乏的复杂造山带地区进行三维地质填图, 目前尚处于实践探索阶段.我们的填图工作思路是: 以精细地表地质调查为基础, 在地质-地球物理-钻孔等多源数据约束下, 充分利用野外走廊带解析剖面、实测自然剖面、地球物理解释剖面等资料, 进行人机交互式三维地质建模, 并根据使用资料的准确性、空间分辨的精细程度等对模型的可靠程度进行分块评价.浅表层以地表地质信息(包括产状、地层层序关系、地层厚度、褶皱形态、断层性质与位移、局部和区域概念地质模型等)约束为主, 深部地质结构则主要依据地球物理剖面资料, 少量钻孔资料不仅用以校验地球物理资料解释的可靠性, 并对模型施加强约束.以西准噶尔克拉玛依后山地区三维地质填图为例, 着重讨论了在三维建模中如何具体实现上述思路和约束方法.实践证明, 该填图思路和建模方法是行之有效的, 可操作性强.      

网络舆情态势及情感多维特征分析与可视化——以COVID-19疫情为例

2020年初,新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）疫情席卷全国,疫情发展变化引发了社会各界的广泛关注。社交媒体平台作为网络舆情的重要载体,如何从中全面、准确挖掘分析网络舆情特征是疫情防控过程中的重要问题。本研究首先从舆情本体与客体时空关联的角度构建了疫情期间网络舆情多维分析模型,获取了2020年1月17日—3月17日多个媒体平台中新冠肺炎疫情相关的网络舆情数据;其次以疫情蔓延的视角,运用比较研究法、Spearman相关系数等方法探索了武汉市、湖北省及全国尺度下的网络舆情态势时空演变及语义特征;最后使用HowNet情感词典和情感词汇本体进行了舆情情感分析,并使用可交互信息图表对其进行可视化。结果表明：① 武汉市、湖北省、全国尺度下的每日舆情数据数量与每日新增病例数之间存在正相关关系;② 舆情数据数量的空间分布与疫情分布存在正相关关系,舆情数据数量多的地区多为疫情较为严重的地区; ③ 研究时段内不同媒体平台的舆情中立情感最多,新闻平台与论坛、微信、微博相比,整体情绪更为正面;④ 在疫情发展的不同阶段,微博热搜数据情感特征有较大差异,总体上呈现正面情绪多于负面。研究表明,基于本文提出的多维分析模型可以直观展现疫情期间多尺度下的舆情态势、舆情焦点和情绪变化,从而为政府及相关部门有效引导与控制网络舆情提供理论基础支撑和参考借鉴。     

Proterozoic anorogenic magmatic rocks and their constraints on mineralizations in the Bayan Obo deposit region,Inner Mongolia

The Proterozoic anorogenic magmatic rocks are well developed in the Bayan Obo deposit region. They are composed of trachyte, magnesioarfvedesonite-feldspatite, potash-rhyolite, dacite, rhyolite, quartz porphyry and trachy basalt. A lot of high-K diabase veins (dykes) are also found. These anorogenic magmatic rocks are derived from the mantle. They have lowerɛ^Nd(t) (4.52-5.88) with T ^Nd _DM = 1.54-1.92 Ga. Their Nd isotopic compositions and T ^Nd _DM are consistent with those of ores, implying that the ore-forming materials were derived from these anorogenic magmatic rocks. The zircon U-Pb ages of the rocks are 1.8 Ga. Research results indicate that the Bayan Obo Group was replaced by the hydrothermal solution related to the anorogenic magmatic rocks, resulting in the formation of the deposit.

     

The deformation analysis of Wenjiagou giant landslide by the distributed scatterer interferometry technique

After the deadly Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, the Wenjiagou landslide produced steep topography, a narrow gully and abundant loose sediments; these factors have contributed to the high debris flow risk in the Wenjiagou area during subsequent rainy seasons. At least five debris flows have occurred in the Wenjiagou area between September 24, 2008, and September 18, 2010, which resulted in seven casualties and an economic loss of approximately 446 million RMB. To reduce the risk of debris flows and landslides, the Wenjiagou Valley Debris Flow Control Project (WVDFCP), which cost over 2 billion RMB, was carried out and completed in 2011. The control measures of the project effectively reduced the scale and damage of the following debris flows. In this paper, the recent deformation of the giant landslide and its effect on the WVDFCP are evaluated by applying a time-series interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) technique based on distributed scatterers (DSs) to the Radardat-2 SAR data collected from June 2014 to September 2015. In addition, the experimental results show that most areas of the landslide are stable, with an average deformation rate of less than 5.0 mm/year. The results demonstrate that the control measures of the WVDFCP not only reduced the damage caused by the later debris flows but also contributed to the consolidation of the loose sediments in the Wenjiagou landslide area. The time-series InSAR technique based on the DSs of high-resolution SAR images is an important tool for deformation monitoring of earthquake-induced landslides.     

塔里木盆地的三维电阻率结构

塔里木盆地内油气资源非常丰富,但是深层勘探程度低,需要开展深入的地球物理调查。经过在盆地内大地电磁测站的数据采集、资料处理和三维反演,取得盆地三维电阻率模型,从电性结构角度刻划了盆地的三维构造。塔里木盆地的碎屑岩和碳酸盐岩的电阻率变化范围很大,主要受其中的孔隙裂隙发育程度控制。在同一深度的平面上,盆地侏罗纪以前地层的构造隆起显示为相对高阻区,而深层低阻带主要反映古生代碳酸盐岩中的裂隙和流体汇聚,提供了油气储层分布的信息。从6km到10km深度,低电阻率区面积向下缩小,但沉积盆地总面积仍有近20万km~2。由于油气成藏伴随着活跃的流体活动,而孔隙流体呈现低电阻率,可以认为低电阻率区分布范围和产状指示深层流体活动及可能的油气储层的分布范围。深层电阻率平面图显示的低电阻率区包括:满加尔坳陷中北部到塔北隆起西段,塔西南的和田坳陷与莎车坳陷。于田-民丰坳陷以及唐古孜巴斯坳陷在深度6~10km的平面图也显示为较低电阻率,也是深层油气勘探的有利区段。塔里木盆地结晶基底可分为三种类型:正常的克拉通结晶基底呈现高电阻率,玄武岩浆侵位的基底对应高电阻率区,而含裂隙水的变质基底呈现低电阻率。对比大地电磁法和反射地震结果认为,地球物理调查资料不支持塔里木盆地二叠纪"大火成岩省"的猜测。     

Advantages of Using Multichannel Analysis of Love Waves (MALW) to Estimate Near-Surface Shear-Wave Velocity

As theory dictates, for a series of horizontal layers, a pure, plane, horizontally polarized shear (SH) wave refracts and reflects only SH waves and does not undergo wave-type conversion as do incident P or Sv waves. This is one reason the shallow SH-wave refraction method is popular. SH-wave refraction method usually works well defining near-surface shear-wave velocities. Only first arrival information is used in the SH-wave refraction method. Most SH-wave data contain a strong component of Love-wave energy. Love waves are surface waves that are formed from the constructive interference of multiple reflections of SH waves in the shallow subsurface. Unlike Rayleigh waves, the dispersive nature of Love waves is independent of P-wave velocity. Love-wave phase velocities of a layered earth model are a function of frequency and three groups of earth properties: SH-wave velocity, density, and thickness of layers. In theory, a fewer parameters make the inversion of Love waves more stable and reduce the degree of nonuniqueness. Approximating SH-wave velocity using Love-wave inversion for near-surface applications may become more appealing than Rayleigh-wave inversion because it possesses the following three advantages. (1) Numerical modeling results suggest the independence of P-wave velocity makes Love-wave dispersion curves simpler than Rayleigh waves. A complication of “Mode kissing” is an undesired and frequently occurring phenomenon in Rayleigh-wave analysis that causes mode misidentification. This phenomenon is less common in dispersion images of Love-wave energy. (2) Real-world examples demonstrated that dispersion images of Love-wave energy have a higher signal-to-noise ratio and more focus than those generated from Rayleigh waves. This advantage is related to the long geophone spreads commonly used for SH-wave refraction surveys, images of Love-wave energy from longer offsets are much cleaner and sharper than for closer offsets, which makes picking phase velocities of Love waves easier and more accurate. (3) Real-world examples demonstrated that inversion of Love-wave dispersion curves is less dependent on initial models and more stable than Rayleigh waves. This is due to Love-wave’s independence of P-wave velocity, which results in fewer unknowns in the MALW method compared to inversion methods of Rayleigh waves. This characteristic not only makes Love-wave dispersion curves simpler but also reduces the degree of nonuniqueness leading to more stable inversion of Love-wave dispersion curves.     

Mantle Transition Zone Structure Beneath Southeastern China and its Implications for Stagnant Slab and Water Transportation in the Mantle

We determined depth variation of the 410- and 660-km discontinuities beneath southeastern China by common-converted-point stacking of \(\rm P\) -wave receiver functions of 121 permanent Chinese seismic stations. We then combined the results with seismic velocity variation to estimate temperature and water content variations in the mantle transition zone of the region. Previous tomographic studies have shown a stagnant slab in the mantle transition zone in eastern Asia that is connected to subduction of the western Pacific. Temperature variations obtained clearly outline the shape of the stagnant slab, with its western edge at 113.5 \(^\circ\) E and the southern edge at 28.5 \(^\circ\) N. The correlation between the location of the stagnant slab and surface tectonics suggests that the Cenozoic extension in eastern China is closely associated with the subduction of the western Pacific and its eastward migration. The water content of the stagnant slab is lower than in surrounding slabs, suggesting that the water has already been released from the subducting slab into the upper mantle.