���ڵشų���ģ�ĵ�������������������

??IGRF????????????й???????????????????????й?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????Χ??????????2.5???????????????????????????????λ??????????IGRF????????????????????????????￡???????????????????????????????????????     

GPS���߲㽨����̨���غ��µĶ�̬��Ӧ����

?о?????GPS??????????λ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????GPS????α?????????????????????????GPS???λ????????????????????????????￡???????GPS???λ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????     

Experimental investigation on seismic behavior of scoured bridge pier with pile foundation

This study investigated the seismic performance and soil‐structure interaction of a scoured bridge models with pile foundation by shaking table tests using a biaxial laminar shear box. The bridge pier model with pile foundation comprised a lumped mass representing the superstructure, a steel pier, and a footing supported by a single aluminum pile within dry silica sand. End of the pile was fixed at the bottom of the shear box to simulate the scenario that the pile was embedded in a firm stratum of rock. The bridge pier model was subjected to one‐directional shakes, including white noise and earthquake records. The performance of the bridge pier model with pile foundation was discussed for different scoured conditions. It is found that the moment demand of pile increases with the increase of scoured depth whereas the moment demand of the bridge pier decreases, and this transition may induce the bridge failure mechanism transform from pier to pile. The seismic demand on scoured pile foundations may be underestimated and misinterpreted to a certain degree. When evaluating the system damping ratio with SSI, the system response may not be significantly changed even if the soil viscous damping contribution is varied. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

雅鲁藏布江中游干旱沙地砂生槐种群结构与点格局分析

砂生槐（Sophora moorcroftiana）是雅鲁藏布江中游干旱河谷区植被群落的重要建群种,具有极强的耐瘠薄、抗风沙等生态适应性和防风固沙、保持水土功能。为了揭示砂生槐种群的结构、生长特征和空间分布规律,运用大小级组成和Ripley’s K函数分别研究了砂生槐的种群结构和空间点格局,发现砂生槐个体主要集中在中等大小（冠幅40～80 cm,高度20～40 cm）范围,幼苗期成活率较低,中等个体抗逆和生存能力较强。砂生槐种群的发展演替过程可以概括为：少数个体集群性定居→在原有聚集尺度范围繁殖→种群改良局部环境,密度增大,种内竞争加剧→种群向更大尺度扩散和壮大,演替进入顶极阶段。砂生槐种群各大小级都呈现以9 m左右尺度斑块状聚集分布的特征,在实地生态恢复过程中应遵循其生长和自然分布规律,人工栽培中应重点注意冠幅＜20 cm、高度＜13 cm阶段幼苗的抚育,另外应首先选择土质等条件相对优越的小生境种成适当规模的集群分布形式,充分发挥其防风沙的能力、提高栽培成活率和固沙效率。     

The climatic impacts of land use and land cover change compared among countries

Land use and land cover change (LULCC) strongly influence regional and global climate by combining both biochemical and biophysical processes. However, the biophysical process was often ignored, which may offset the biogeochemical effects, so measures to address climate change could not reach the target. Thus, the biophysical influence of LULCC is critical for understanding observed climate changes in the past and potential scenarios in the future. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the mechanisms and effects of large-scale LULCC on climate change through changing the underlying surface, and thus the energy balance. The key scientific issues on understanding the impacts of human activities on global climate that must be addressed including: (1) what are the basic scientific facts of spatial and temporal variations of LULCC in China and comparative countries? (2) How to understand the coupling driving mechanisms of human activities and climate change on the LULCC and then to forecasting the future scenarios? (3) What are the scientific mechanisms of LULCC impacts on biophysical processes of land surface, and then the climate? (4) How to estimate the contributions of LULCC to climate change by affecting biophysical processes of land surface? By international comparison, the impacts of LULCC on climate change at the local, regional and global scales were revealed and evaluated. It can provide theoretical basis for the global change, and have great significance to mitigate and adapt to global climate changes.     

广西石炭纪四射珊瑚的地理分布及组合特征

本文简要介绍了广西石炭纪四射珊瑚的地理分区、组合和地层分布概况。认为广西石炭纪四射珊瑚群落的构成和分布受沉积相和生物地理分区的双重控制。四射珊瑚的分布大致以右江断裂带为界。可分为两个大区,东北部区的珊瑚群由下到上可划分为7个组合带,西南部区可分为6个组合带。文章还提出造成广西早石炭世珊瑚群分布差异的原因是右江断裂带的控相作用。     

Polyculture of scallopChlamys farreri and kelpLaminaria japonica in Sungo Bay

Several polyculture models of scallopChlamys farreri and kelpLaminaria japonica currently employed in Sungo Bay and other parts of northern China are described in this paper. Economic benefits of different polyculture models are analysed based on the growth rate, culture density and market price. In addition, site selection, critical environmental conditions and polyculture problems are discussed in detail. This project was funded by the International Development and Research Centre (IDRC), Canada, and the National Committee of Science and Technology of China.     

路由器实现VPN连接及地震信息网络VPN应用分析

介绍了VPN技术和路由器实现VPN连接的建立过程。结合地震信息网络现状，分析了VPN技术应用前景，提出了基于VPN技术整合地震信息网络全国虚拟专网初步设想。     

Impact of land-use change on soil properties in a typical karst agricultural region of Southwest China: a case study of Xiaojiang watershed, Yunnan

Xiaojiang watershed is a typical karst agricultural region of Yunan Province, China. A case study of land-use changes documents changes of soil properties from 1982 to 2003. The results are as follows: (1) The total land use transformed covers 610.12 km², of which land use changed from unused land into cultivated land and forestland, and forestland into cultivated land during the past 20 years in Xiaojiang watershed. (2) The rapid growth of population and economic development were the main driving forces of cultivated land increase. (3) Soil properties showed modification owing to different land-use changes. The contents of the soil organic matter, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus in 2003 were significantly lower than that in 1982 after the forestland and unused land were transformed into the cultivated land, but the soil pH increased significantly in 2003. Organic matter, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus for shorter-time reforestation land declined, but the pH increased. Soil properties have improved significantly after cropland was transformed into orchard land. The organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, available nitrogen, and available phosphorus declined significantly, but pH increased significantly after rock desertification.     

准噶尔盆地夏盐凸起石南31井区下白垩统清水河组一段物源分析

准噶尔盆地夏盐凸起石南31井区下白垩统清水河组为1套砂泥岩互层沉积,前人关于清一段沉积相和物源方向的研究成果较少。通过岩心观察和描述以及岩屑录井、分析化验资料的综合研究,从碎屑百分含量、砾岩厚度分布以及锆石-电气石-金红石指数（ZTR指数）、泥岩颜色分区等方面对物源方向进行了判断。综合分析表明：石南31井区清一段沉积时期的物源不是单一方向的,而是随时间推移,物源方向有所变化。碎屑百分含量分析发现清水河组一段第二砂层组第1砂层（K1q 2-11）和清水河组一段第一砂层组第3砂层（K1q 1-31）沉积时期的物源主要来自东南方和北方;清水河组一段第一砂层组第1砂层（K1q1-11）沉积时期物源方向发生了重大变化：东南方的物源消失,物源的变化主要是由于清一段晚期地层发生掀斜运动,导致古地理面貌由早期的南高北低变为北高南低。砾岩的厚度分布、重矿物ZTR指数分析及泥岩颜色分区也反映了相似的特征。综上所述,石南31井区在清一段沉积时期主要存在两个方向的物源：一为东南方向,一为北方,而且在一定时期,两个方向的物源各有一定的影响范围。由早到晚,北方物源由北向南逐渐深入,到晚期影响了整个研究区,早期东南方物源也为主要物源,到晚期退出了研究区范围。