大别造山带南坡晚白垩世玄武岩源区地幔特征

大别造山带南坡中生代断陷盆地中出露大量晚白垩世碱性玄武岩类。因岩浆受结晶分异和陆壳混染影响微弱,其成分基本可代表本区原生玄武岩浆。在微量元素原始地幔标准化蛛网图上,本区玄武岩具有地壳富集组分Pb、K、Rb、Ba等的正异常和Nb、P、Hf等高场强元素的负异常。同位素和微量元素特征显示,玄武岩浆来自亏损地幔(DM)和富集地幔(EM+EM)混合源区。玄武岩源区地幔中Pb的富集和Nb、P、Hf等的亏损基本可由中国东部亏损地幔与榴辉岩的混合获得,由此揭示富集地幔端元组成特征可能与晚白垩世前造山带根部榴辉岩拆沉并参与地幔再循环有关。     

浙江南部近海沉积物柱状样中脂类生物标志物的组成及形态分布

湖泊沉积物中直链脂肪族化合物(MCCs)对气候变化响应敏感,环境条件的变化可促使MCCs在游离态和结合态间发生转化,是古气候重建的重要生物标志物。以往研究中对样品前处理通常采用混合溶剂提取法得到MCCs游离态组分,而以化学键合、物理吸附等形式赋存的结合态组分无法通过溶剂提取,不能获取结合态组分特征对气候环境变化的指示信息。本文将热裂解这一有机质高效分解技术与气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用,实现了对内蒙古伊和沙日乌苏湖泊沉积物有机质组成的精细刻画,并识别、分析了共计3类、71项结合态MCCs化合物。结果表明：热解温度是影响热裂解-气相色谱-质谱(Py-GC/MS)分析沉积物样品中结合态MCCs分布特征的主要因素,450℃以下热解能量较低导致结合态MCCs解析不充分,550℃和650℃下各类结合态MCCs(含正构烷烃、正构烯烃及α-正构脂肪酮)充分解析,可经GC-MS实现在线分离、识别;随着热解温度升高,裂解产物中MCCs平均链长趋于降低,过高的裂解能量影响了产物中MCCs化合物链长特征对气候变化指示的敏感性。经研究各类MCCs分布特征发现,550℃下正构烷烃平均链长特征与传统气候替代指标游离态正构烷烃单体碳同位素δ¹³C_27~33具有较好的相关性(R=0.83)。结合态正构烷烃ACL_25~31指标响应了区域有效降水变化特征,识别了区域内5.6ka、3.9ka前后的干旱期,反映了东亚夏季风强度变化,对应了北半球中纬度有效降水变化。

     

桂西晚古生代海相玄武岩的特征及其形成环境

广西西部广泛分布的基性岩,过去被认为是侵入的辉绿岩,晚古生代的基性熔岩只在泥盆系和下石炭统中零星分布,呈夹层产出,厚度不大。根据近年的野外工作,我们已经指出这些基性岩实际上是与晚古生代深水沉积共生的海相玄武岩,而不是象过去认为的大陆裂谷型玄武岩。玄武岩样品的地球化学分析结果表明,它们形成大洋板内构造背景,这证实了对古特提斯东延的设想,并有必要重新认识广西晚古生代地质演化的历史     

南秦岭古生代沉积岩的地球化学特征及其反映的区域地壳活动性

各类地质体的地球化学特征是地球物质化学运动的记录。深部岩石圈层次卷入地表地质作用的程度反映区域地壳的活动性。古生代南秦岭的区域地壳活动性在早古生代有增强的趋势,晚古生代则又逐渐减弱,以志留纪早期区域地壳活动性最强;空间上以紧邻松潘－甘孜地块的康县－褒河小区和紧邻扬子克拉通北缘的紫阳－竹溪小区构成的近东西向狭长地带区域地壳活动性最强,而且东西两段各有特色。这种区域地壳活动性的时空变化格局可能与新元古代至早古生代松潘－甘孜与扬子联合大陆北部边缘的地壳伸展及早古生代末与华北地台的碰撞拼合有关。     

Can reanalysis datasets describe the persistent temperature and precipitation extremes over China?

This study analyzes the impact of anthropogenic climate change in the hydroclimatology of Senegal with a focus over the lake of Guiers basin for the middle (2041–2060) and late twenty-first century (2080–2099). To this end, high-resolution multimodel ensemble based on regional climate model experiments considering two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5) is used. The results indicate that an elevated warming, leading to substantial increase of atmospheric water demand, is projected over the whole of Senegal. In the Lake basin, these increases in potential evapotranspiration (PE) range between 10 and 25 % in the near future and for RCP4.5 while for the far future and RCP8.5, they exceed 50 %. In addition, mean precipitation unveils contrasting changes with wetter (10 to 25 % more) conditions by the middle of the century and drier conditions (more than 50 %) during the late twenty-first century. Such changes cause more/less evapotranspiration and soil moisture respectively during the two future periods. Furthermore, surface runoff shows a tendency to increase in most areas amid few locations including the Lake basin with substantial reduction. Finally, it is found that while semi-arid climates develop in the RCP4.5 scenario, generalized arid conditions prevail over the whole Senegal for RCP8.5. It is thus evident that these future climate conditions substantially threaten freshwater availability for the country and irrigated cropping over the Lake basin. Therefore, strong governmental politics are needed to help design response options to cope with the challenges posed by the projected climate change for the country.

     

Estimation of annual energy output from BCM tidal barrage and the corresponding marine environmental impact

Based on the finite-volume coastal ocean model(FVCOM),a three-dimensional numerical model FVCOM was built to simulate the ocean dynamics in pre-dam and post-dam conditions in Bachimen(BCM).The domain decomposition method,which is effective in describing the conservation of volume and non-conservation of mechanical energy in the utilization of tidal energy,was employed to estimate the theoretical tidal energy resources and developable energy resources,and to analyze the hydrodynamic effect of the tidal power station.This innovative approach has the advantage of linking physical oceanography with engineering problems.The results indicate that the theoretical annual tidal energy resources is about 2×10~8 k Wh under the influence of tidal power station;Optimized power installation is confirmed according to power generation curve from numerical analysis;the developable resources is about 38.2% of theoretical tidal energy resources with the employment of one-way electricity generation.The electricity generation time and power are 3479 hours and 2.55×10~4 KW,respectively.The power station has no effect on the tide pattern which is semi-diurnal tide in both two conditions,but the amplitudes of main constituents apparently decrease in the area near the dam,with the M_2 decreasing the most,about 62.92 cm.The tidal prism shrinks to 2.28×10~7 m~3,but can still meet the flow requirement for tidal power generation.The existence of station increases the flow rate along the waterway and enhances the residual current.There are two opposite vortexes formed on the east side beside the dam of the station,which leads to pollutants gathering.     

广西甘蔗秋旱灾害风险评估技术初步研究

为增强对广西甘蔗秋旱灾害的风险评估和应急管理能力,利用气象、植被、基础地理信息和社会经济数据,根据风险三角形理念,从广西甘蔗秋旱灾害的危险度、受灾可能性和承灾体脆弱度3个方面,选择因子构建甘蔗秋旱灾害风险评估的指标体系,采用层次分析法构造判断矩阵以确定各指标和因子的权重,构建评估模型,并计算广西甘蔗秋旱灾害风险指数,再基于GIS绘制广西甘蔗秋旱灾害风险区划,结果显示:高风险区和较高风险区主要分布在来宾和崇左等市的局部地区,低风险区主要分布在桂东南地区。利用灾情数据进行验证表明:广西甘蔗秋旱灾害风险分布与甘蔗灾情损失空间分布情况基本一致。     

锯缘青蟹围塘养殖试验

1998～ 1999年间在阳东县采用改造蟹池、水质调控、合理投饵、轮捕轮放等技术进行锯缘青蟹围塘养殖试验。结果表明 ,锯缘青蟹成活率为 70 .9% ,比 1998年提高 4 0 % ;平均产量 32 6 7kg hm2 ,比 1998年提高 12 2 .3%。 1999年与 2 0 0 0年推广养殖面积各为 10 3hm2 与 137.3hm2 ,平均产量分别为 30 5 9kg hm2 与 3132kg hm2 ,与 1998年相比分别提高 10 8.3%与 113.3%。     

四川彭县铜矿岩石地球化学特征及成矿环境探讨

通过对白水河群马松岭组主要变质火山岩地球化学特征的研究，探讨了该组形成的大地构造环境。证据表明，马松岭组及其所赋存的铜矿床均为会聚性板块边界古火山岛弧的产物。