Dissolved trace elements in river water: spatial distribution and the influencing factor, a study for the Pearl River Delta Economic Zone, China

Twenty-nine water samples were collected from different river channels of the Pearl River Delta Economic Zone, China. An inductively coupled plasma-mass spectromonitor (ICP-MS) was used to measure concentrations of the trace elements in these samples. The results suggest that the average concentrations of rare earth elements in river water show an increasing trend from the West River, the North River, the rivers of the Pearl River Delta, and the Shenzhen River to the East River. Relatively high concentrations of heavy metals appear in the East River, the rivers of the Pearl River Delta and the Shenzhen River, while the West River and the North River have relatively low heavy metal concentrations. Trace element concentrations in samples collected near urban or industrial areas are much higher than those of samples collected from distant areas, away from urban and industrial areas. After natural conditions, human activities have significant influence on the trace element concentrations in river water. This trace element concentration’s spatial distribution in the river water from the Pearl River Delta Economic Zone is actually an integrated effect of natural conditions and human activity.     

准噶尔盆地车莫古隆起内物源沉积体系探讨及勘探意义——以白垩系清水河组一段为例

为了探讨车莫古隆起对内物源沉积体系及油气成藏的控制作用,从车莫古隆起形成与演化入手,利用岩心、地震、测井等资料,多种方法结合恢复其剥蚀量、古地貌,提出车莫古隆起从中侏罗世到早白垩世发育,侏罗世末是其鼎盛时期,并提供内物源,控制围绕车莫古隆起周缘沉积体系和砂体展布,从岩心、地震特征、重矿物稳定系数、古水流指向、砂岩厚度等方面给出存在依据,合理解释了古隆起控制范围内已发现油藏的砂体成因。车莫古隆起发育和潜伏埋藏期控制古油气藏的形成与分布,掀斜后内物源砂体展布、断裂体系和现今构造共同控制着油气调整、运移及次生油气藏的分布,围绕车莫古隆起发育的内物源砂体尖灭方向与现今构造高部位指向垂直和斜交区域是岩性地层油气藏有利区。围绕内物源勘探刚开始,在此认识指导下部署的沙门1、莫17、夏盐11、夏盐12等井已获得突破,腹部岩性地层油气藏勘探将进入一个油气发现新阶段。     

冀西北尚义盆地中生代沉积特征及古地理*

尚义盆地形成于早侏罗世-早白垩世,盆地内沉积了一套以紫红色、灰绿色陆源碎屑岩为主的地层,仅在晚侏罗世-早白垩世地层局部夹薄层玄武安山质火山岩。通过系统分析尚义盆地的沉积岩、沉积相带展布特征及古水流、砾石成分等,分析了早侏罗世-早白垩世盆地的物源区、汇水中心及古气候的演化,恢复了早侏罗世-早白垩世盆地古地理格局。同时,在前人研究基础上,结合尚义盆地的沉积-充填样式,重点总结和综合分析了盆地内熔积岩、辉绿岩、边界断层等的发育特征,初步推断晚侏罗世-早白垩世尚义盆地为伸展断陷盆地。     

水资源可持续性的参数敏感性分析

通过界定敏感性参数的含义,认为参数的敏感性是系统对某一指参数的变化的敏感程度,以此为依据建立M-YAS模型分析参数的敏感性。以佛山市为例选取37 项影响水资源可持续的参数,分析水资源可持续性的参数敏感性问题,结果表明：37项反映水资源可持续性的参数中,仅13 项参数（生活用水定额、林牧渔畜用水量、工业用水定额、农田灌溉用水量、工业用水量、耕地灌溉定额、万元工业增加值用水量、火电冷却用水量、城乡生活用水量、工业节水、万元生产总值用水量、生活节水和农业节水）对于水资源可持续性的目标层而言是敏感性参数,且13项参数均来自用水结构与效率的准则层,说明区域水资源可持续性的目标层对用水结构与效率的准则层较为敏感。     

机场净空区建筑物的识别与监测

目前,在建筑物识别与监测方面,基于单幅高分辨率遥感影像的阴影测高法和基于多视角影像的立体像对法将建筑物轮廓或名称识别与高度监测相独立,因此导致其自动化水平较低、数据冗余度与成本较高。基于数字表面模型(DSM)和兴趣点(POI)数据,本文提出了一种机场净空区建筑物识别与监测集成的方法,并以某国际机场为试验区对该方法的可行性进行了验证。试验结果表明:①该方法在建筑物识别与监测方面的准确率只取决于DSM的精度,而对DSM的数据来源没有限制;②以潜在危险建筑物高程变化速率为依据进行不定期的动态监测,在确保监测间隔期间机场净空区安全的同时可以降低数据成本和重复识别与监测所有建筑物造成的数据冗余度。     

粤北凡口超大型铅锌矿有机质成矿地球化学特征

用有机岩石学、元素分析和饱和烃气相色谱等方法,分析了凡口铅锌矿矿区有机质的有机地球化学特征,对有机质在该铅锌矿成矿地球化学过程中的作用进行了初步探讨。该矿区的主岩富含有机质,有机碳含量为0．03％-0．4％,平均为0．16％,有机碳和金属矿化有同步变化趋势。有机质具有高的演化程度,经换算,镜质体反射率为1．92％-3．55％,且绝大多数高于3．0％。饱和烃气相色谱的特征表明,含矿地段的有机质在成矿热液的作用下发生热裂解和热变质,其裂解产生的甲烷和新生成的干酪根等有机化合物作为还原剂,使硫酸根还原成硫化氢,还原生成的硫化氢进一步与成矿金属离子反应生成金属硫化物沉淀,并最终富集成矿。另外,草莓状黄铁矿的存在,说明了在沉积作用早期,细菌可能直接参与了成矿作用。     

东亚副热带西风急流季节变化特征及其热力影响机制探讨

利用1961-2000年NCEP/NCAR月平均再分析资料对东亚副热带西风急流强度和位置的季节变化进行了分析,指出急流位置季节变化不仅有明显的南北向移动,6-7月还存在东西方向的突变特征,同时急流轴在北进过程中具有东西向的不一致性,急流中心强度的变化超前于位置的南北移动.在此基础上,采用动态追随急流中心移动的方法,探讨东亚副热带西风急流季节变化的热力影响机制,发现东亚副热带西风急流强度变化及位置移动与对流层中上层气温南北差异的分布结构有很好的对应关系,这说明急流的季节演变是对辐射季节变化及由于东亚特殊的海陆分布和青藏高原大地形影响而造成纬向不均匀加热的响应.从各热量输送项与急流的关系来看,从冬半年到夏半年的增暖时段,急流中心南北温差减小,急流减弱北进;从夏半年到冬半年的降温时段,急流中心南北温差增大,急流加强南退.热量平流输送的经向差异是造成急流中心南北温差的主要原因,急流跟随热量平流输送最大经向梯度中心位置南北移动.非绝热加热对急流中心的东西移动有引导作用,青藏高原春夏季对对流层中上层强大的加热作用是导致6-7月急流中心位置西移突变的原因.     

A MATLAB-based Kriged Kalman Filter software for interpolating missing data in GNSS coordinate time series

GNSS coordinate time series data for permanent reference stations often suffer from random, or even continuous, missing data. Missing data interpolation is necessary due to the fact that some data processing methods require evenly spaced data. Traditional missing data interpolation methods usually use single point time series, without considering spatial correlations between points. We present a MATLAB software for dynamic spatiotemporal interpolation of GNSS missing data based on the Kriged Kalman Filter model. With the graphical user interface, users can load source GNSS data, set parameters, view the interpolated series and save the final results. The SCIGN GPS data indicate that the software is an effective tool for GNSS coordinate time series missing data interpolation.     

陕北地区退耕还林还草工程土壤保护效应的时空特征

This paper looks at the Green for Grain Project in northern Shaanxi Province.Based on remote sensing monitoring data,this study analyzes the locations of arable land in northern Shaanxi in the years 2000,2010 and 2013 as well as spatio-temporal changes over that period,and then incorporates data on the distribution of terraced fields to improve the input parameters of a RUSLE model and simulate and generate raster data on soil erosion for northern Shaanxi at different stages with a accuracy verification.Finally,combined with the dataset of farmland change,compared and analyzed the characteristics of soil erosion change in the converted farmland to forest(grassland)and the unconverted farmland in northern Shaanxi,so as to determine the project’s impact on soil erosion over time across the region.The results show that between 2000 and 2010,the soil erosion modulus of repurposed farmland in northern Shaanxi decreased 22.7 t/ha,equivalent to 47.08%of the soil erosion modulus of repurposed farmland in 2000.In the same period,the soil erosion modulus of non-repurposed farmland fell 10.99 t/ha,equivalent to 28.6%of the soil erosion modulus of non-repurposed farmland in 2000.The soil erosion modulus for all types of land in northern Shaanxi decreased by an average of 14.51 t/ha between 2000 and 2010,equivalent to 41.87%of the soil erosion modulus for the entire region in 2000.This suggests that the Green for Grain Project effectively reduced the soil erosion modulus,thus helping to protect the soil.In particular,arable land that was turned into forest and grassland reduced erosion most noticeably and contributed most to soil conservation.Nevertheless,in the period 2010 to 2013,which was a period of consolidation of the Green for Grain Project,the soil erosion modulus and change in volume of soil erosion in northern Shaanxi were significantly lower than in the previous decade.     

近千年中国东部夏季降水的模拟研究

利用ECHO­G海气耦合气候模式模拟的中国东部过去近1000年的降水资料,通过经验正交函数分解方法得到了中国东部夏季降水分布的主要空间型态： 华北和华南地区与长江中下游地区反位相,即华北和华南地区降水多(少)时长江中下游地区降水少(多)。对31年滑动平均后3种空间分布型的时间系数进行Morlet小波分析和功率谱分析发现,3个地区均存在准60年的年代际振荡周期,长江中下游和华南地区均存在准200年的百年际振荡周期,华南地区还存在120年和80年的变化周期。全球海温场与3个地区夏季降水31年滑动平均后的相关分析表明,在40°～70°S,170°～60°W海域海温与华北和长江中下游地区夏季降水负相关,与华南地区夏季降水正相关除该区外的南北半球(30°～60°)中高纬海域海温与华北和长江中下游地区夏季降水正相关、与华南地区夏季降水负相关,说明在年代际和百年际时间尺度上,中高纬海域海温是影响长江中下游地区和华南地区夏季降水反相的主要因子之一。最后通过对太阳常数、火山活动等外强迫因子与中国东部夏季降水的功率谱分析发现： 中国东部夏季降水的年代际与百年际变化周期大都与外强迫因子的变化周期一致,说明外强迫因子,尤其是太阳常数和火山活动的变化是影响中国东部夏季降水年代际和百年际振荡的主要原因。