依据密度测井资料评估煤层的含气量

煤层甲烷长期以来认为是对采煤工作的危害，只是近十多年来才被认为是一种潜在的能源。煤层不仅是甲烷的储层，而且是甲烷的源岩。煤的物理结构是一种双重孔隙结构，即煤层中含有由基质孔隙和裂缝孔隙组成的孔隙系统。煤层中的气（甲烷）主要吸附在基质孔隙的内表面，是吸附气，而不是存在于骨架粒间的孔隙空间内，因而传统的评价天然气储层含气量的方法虽然不能适合于评估煤层的气含量。本文利用密度测井资料和煤样煤质化验资料确定     

环境磁学研究现状和进展

环境磁学是八十年代逐步发展起来的具有学科交叉特点的边缘学科。它主要应用岩石和矿磁学研究磁性颗粒的搬运、沉积以及转化受大气圈、水圈和岩石圈环境变化影响的过程。近年来，环境磁学已提供了大量有关全球变化过程以及人类活动对环境影响等重要资料，其研究范畴迅速扩展，已成为当今地学的前沿学科之一。     

Application of a Discrete-Continuum Model to Karst Aquifers in North China

A generalized discrete-continuum model is developed to simulate ground water flow in the karst aquifers of North China. The model is a hybrid numerical flow model, which takes into account both quick conduit flow and diffusive fissure flow. The conduit flow is represented by a discrete network model, and the fissure flow is modeled by a continuum approach. The developed model strongly emphasizes the function of the conduits in the flow fields. They control the general drainage pattern, as demonstrated in the simulation of a complex karst aquifer in North China. The model reproduces reasonably well the flow field in response to an unanticipated discharge of ground water from the karst aquifer into an underground mine based on the aquifer parameters that are manually calibrated from a multiple-well pumping test. Sensitivity of the model to the aquifer parameters was evaluated in the context of the case study.     

基于混合自适应遗传算法的稳健全波形反演

地震全波形反演理论与技术虽已得到了广泛研究,但周波跳跃等问题的存在严重制约了常规全波形反演方法的实用化进程.基于遗传算法的全波形反演方法能够在一定程度上较好地缓解常规全波形反演面临的初始模型依赖性问题,但是当前方法仍存在收敛性和巨大的计算量问题.本文提出一种混合自适应遗传算法(HAGA),并提出基于HAGA的稳健全波形...     

Dynamic characteristics and horizontal transports of internal solitons generated at the Columbia River plume front

River plume front-generated internal solitons play an important role in the interaction between the plume and coastal waters. The internal solitons drive a non-harmonic velocity field, resulting in a horizontal transport that carries plume water seaward and redistributes nutrients and sediments. In this study, we present observations of internal solitons generated at the Columbia River plume front that separates the new, tidal plume, older plume and coastal waters. Scale analyses suggest that the plume front-generated internal solitons are highly non-linear waves, and their dynamic properties do not conform to any weakly non-linear theory. Thus, a high-order Korteweg–de Vries (KdV) theory is used to analyze the internal solitons. The comparison between theoretical values and cruise data shows that the high-order KdV model is much better than the weakly non-linear theories for prediction of the soliton dynamic parameters. Based on the model, we develop theoretical and numerical solutions of the soliton-induced upper layer horizontal transport and Lagrangian water parcel transport distance, which shows that the water particle drift, during the internal soliton passage, is as far as 1 km, and demonstrates the role of the internal solitons on the exchange between the plume and ambient coastal water. Energy fluxes caused by the internal solitons are estimated using the high-order KdV theory. The leading soliton fluxes 2.0×10³ W m⁻¹ per unit crest length, and carries energy of 4.2×10⁵ J m⁻¹. The total energy carried by the eight internal solitons is 1.6×10⁶ J m⁻¹, about 70% of the total frontal energy.     

Estimation of azimuth and slowness of tele-seismic signals recorded by a local seismic network

Introduction The azimuth and slowness are two major features of seismic signals. The accurate estimation of them is quite important for both phase identification and event location. Generally, there are two types of seismic stations, i.e. 3-component stations (3C) and arrays. To estimate the two direc-tional parameters, the polarization analysis (Jurkevics, 1988) is commonly used for 3C stations and the frequency-wavenumber spectrum analysis ( f-k) (Capon, 1969; Kvaerna, Doornbos, 1986) is …     

8 检验

为获得有用的地震预测标志,对已获得的前兆信息进行多方面的检验和评估是非常必要的,为此,本文将对震前大气电场异常信息进行较严格和全面检验和评估.     

1 地震灾害及地震预报

1.1 地震灾害 地球上每年要发生上百万次地震,人们可感觉到3级以上的地震就有5万多次,全球平均每年发生5级以上具有破坏性的地震上千次,其中破坏性极大的7级以上地震就有20次之多.这些地震大部分发生在海上,虽然每年发生在大陆上的地震仅占全球地震总数的15%,但给人类造成的损失却占全球地震造成损失的85%.     

中强地震随机有限断层模型应力降参数的确定方法

随机有限断层模型是模拟地震动加速度时程的一个重要工具.但将其应用于中强地震时,由于震源信息的准确性较差从而使模型参数具有较大的不确定性.尤其针对其中最为关键的应力降参数,目前相关研究较为缺乏且尚未形成系统的确定方法.本文基于美国Little Skull Mountain Mw5.6级地震2个近场台站记录的地震动模拟,详细研究了采用随机有限断层法拟合中强地震地震动伪加速度反应谱（PSA）来确定应力降参数值的方法,并在计算应力降时引入了其它震源参数的不确定性,随后对此方法的可行性进行了验证.研究表明：采用不同频段反应谱残差和计算得到的应力降值差别较大,确定中强地震应力降较为合适的反应谱频段是中高频,采用该频段确定的应力降参数值模拟的反应谱和峰值加速度与实际记录较为符合;脉冲子断层百分比、断层长宽、倾角和深度等震源参数按截断的正态分布或均匀分布随机抽样,拟合得到的应力降参数值与通过实际震源模型参数得到的值相近.以上研究结果对确定一个区域中强地震应力降或中强地震近场强震动模拟研究提供了更进一步的研究方法和研究方向.     

线性矩法估计参数的保证修正值系数B的推求

在设计洪水的抽样误差估计中,采用保证修正值系数B方法估计均方差简单易用。应用线性矩法估计频率分布曲线的参数,有较好的无偏性和有效性,具有一定的应用前景。目前线性矩法的B值诺模图尚未确定,给用线性矩法确定参数时估计抽样误差带来了难度与不便。采用统计试验,分析了离差系数、偏态系数和样本长度对B值的影响,结果表明线性矩法估计参数时仍可采用保证修正值系数B值诺模图方法来估计抽样误差,并推求了不同偏态系数、设计频率情形下的B值,制成了线性矩法的B值诺模图备用。