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浅谈地理信息公共服务平台框架数据更新的工作模式及新技术应用——以滨州为例

自2018年山东省地理信息公共服务平台框架数据更新工作实施以来,各市县陆续开展相应工作,该文介绍了平台框架数据更新工作的必要性及更新原则,并阐述了滨州市市级节点成熟的更新模式和相关新技术应用,为智慧滨州、数字滨州建设提供了数据支撑,对山东省省市框架数据联动更新具有一定的示范作用和借鉴意义。     

Experimental study on bed-load sediment transport under irregular wave and current combined flow

Using an irregularly oscillating tray and flume,a series of experiments are completed to evaluate bed-load sediment transport rate under irregular wave-current coexistent fild.Testing conditions include three interaction angles 0°,45°,90° and two kinds of median sizes (0.38 and 1.10 mm).The results of transport rate show that the net sediment transport rate can be expressed approximately as the function of the maximum bottom shear stress of waves,mean shear stress of current and the grain size.     

Model experimental research on uplift single pile in calcareous sand of South China Sea

Vertical uplift static loading tests of single model pile were conducted in the in-lab calcareous sand and quartz sand by emulating practical condition of full-size piles in site. The settlement, lateral deflection, axial force, and friction distribution of the pile are analyzed for each physical test. The pile behaviors in calcareous sand and quartz sand are compared. From the test results, it can be found that the pile top displacement of uplift pile in calcareous sand can be divided into two stages: the pile–sand synchronous stage and pile–sand asynchronous (relative displacement) stage. Data from uplift tests show that the heave of calcareous sand around pile top is very small, which is resulted from the mutually restraint of surface particle. The mutual restriction of surface particle leads to “bottleneck effect” and strengthens ultimate side friction of upper pile segment. In addition, the shear dilatancy and particle breakage of calcareous sand lead to the upper harden and the lower soften of side friction, respectively. Cases of calcareous sand and quartz sand show different responses to pile forming methods, which due to the sands’ different characteristics of particle breakage when compressed as well as plastic deformation under loading–unloading conditions.     

Some Unresolved Issues in Ocean Pipes Aspirating Fluid

This paper reviews the dynamics of ocean pipes aspirating fluid and presents a selective review of the research undertaken on it. It focuses on the equations of motion, fluid-solid interaction at the inlet of the free end of the pipe, the stability mechanism of pipes aspirating steady fluid, etc. In particular, some unresolved or partly resolved issues on these important aspects are discussed. Finally, the promising future development in this area is discussed.     

新疆外商直接投资与产业竞争力实证分析

在将整个经济体分为贸易部门和非贸易部门的基础上,通过建立计量模型,对新疆外商直接投资与产业竞争力之间的关系进行研究。结果表明:在有外商直接投资介入的贸易和非贸易两部门中,劳动报酬对两部门产业竞争力都有显著影响;产业结构演进仅对贸易部门产业竞争力有显著影响。建议在新疆经济发展过程中不仅要处理好劳动力工资待遇问题,而且要进一步扩大招商引资的规模并提高其利用效率。     

银川平原主要水环境问题及其对策

基于野外调查、取样分析以及遥感影像等,介绍了银川平原水文地质条件及水资源利用概况,探讨了土壤盐渍化、湖泊湿地萎缩、地下水盐化、地下水超采以及土地荒漠化等水环境问题及其演化成因。结果表明：银川平原地下水主要接受渠系渗漏及灌溉入渗、大气降水入渗、平原周边地下侧向径流、洪水散失、黄河水等补给,地下水排泄方式主要是排水沟排泄、蒸发和人工开采等,大部分地区潜水埋深在3 m以内;地表水主要来源于黄河引水,水资源利用效率不高;土壤盐渍化总面积8.17×104hm2,呈逐年缩减的趋势,主要分布于银川平原北部,平原南部仅分布在邵岗东部、灵武东部秦渠和东干渠等;湖泊湿地总体呈逐渐减少趋势,主要分布在银川平原北部,永宁以北、平罗以南区域比较集中,滩涂沿黄河两岸分布;潜水总含盐量自西向东、自南向北不断增大;银川和石嘴山深层地下水超采严重,地下水降落漏斗面积已超过500 km2;沙漠化土地分布在银川平原的东西两侧;土壤盐渍化及地下水盐化主要由潜水位埋深过浅,蒸发强烈造成的。最后,提出了防治上述水环境问题的对策：进一步加强水资源管理以及地表水与地下水联合调配;提高农业水资源利用效率;完善田间工程配套,实现渠道防渗管道化;改进田间灌溉技术;严格污水排放,积极开展污水净化处理,实行污水资源化;加强对水土环境质量的系统监测。     

2009年7月广西一次暴雨过程的数值模拟和诊断分析

运用WRF模式对2009年7月发生在广西地区的一次暴雨过程进行了数值模拟,并利用模拟结果进行诊断分析.结果表明,模式能够合理地再现此次暴雨天气过程.在对流层中低层,水汽通量散度的负高值区、假相当位温广义波作用量密度和z-螺旋度的正高值区,与强降水落区都存在较好的对应关系;水汽通量散度负值中心大小及负值区向上伸展的高度、...     

Impact of climate change on hydrological extremes in the Yangtze River Basin,China

The recent (1970–1999) and future (2070–2099) climates under the SRES A1B scenario, simulated by the regional climate model RegCM4.0 driven with lateral boundary conditions from the ECHAM5 general circulation model, are utilized to force a large-scale hydrological model for assessing the hydrological response to climate changes in the Yangtze River Basin, China. The variable infiltration capacity model (VIC) is utilized to simulate various hydrological components for examining the changes in streamflow at various locations throughout the Yangtze River Basin. In the end of the twenty-first century, most of the Yangtze River Basin stands out as “hotspots” of climate change in China, with an annual temperature increase of approximately 3.5 °C, an increase of annual precipitation in North and a decrease in South. Runoff in the upper reach of Yangtze River is projected to increase throughout the year in the future, especially in spring when the increase will be approximately 30 %. Runoff from the catchments in the northern part of Yangtze River will increase by approximately 10 %, whereas that in the southern part will decrease, especially in the dry season, following precipitation changes. The frequency of extreme floods at three mainstream stations (Cuntan, Yichang, and Datong) is projected to increase significantly. The original extreme floods with return periods of 50, 20, and 10 years will change into floods with return periods of no more than 20, 10, and 5 years. The projected increase in extreme floods will have significant impacts on water resources management and flood control systems in the Yangtze River Basin.     

昆仑山口西8.1级地震对鲜水河断裂带断层活动的影响

利用1981年以来鲜水河断裂带跨断层短水准、短基线观测资料,计算多年来断层的水平扭错、水平张压以及垂直升降变化量,以此分析各测点断层随时间推移的活动习性.认为:昆仑山口西8.1级地震后,鲜水河断裂带中南段断层的走滑和张压活动分量有所改变,垂直升降活动变化则不明显.中段的沟普测点扭错活动量在逐渐减小,类似道孚6.9级地震后扭错活动逐步衰减的趋势,该测点1997年后结束了的压性活动,在2002～2005年间快速逼近"闭锁",直至2006～2007年间改变了多年的活动习性,出现张性活动趋势.同样,以左旋扭错为主的老乾宁测点在该时间段内也改变了多年的断层活动习性,出现右旋运动趋势.