Wrench-related folding: A case study of Bohai Sea basin,China

Wrench motion is relatively common in basins but often goes undetected because of its subtle structural imprint. Even so wrench-related folding is of significance in petroleum exploration and development. Based on the Riedel shear nomenclature, we apply the model of wrench-related folding to deformation in the Bohai sea basin. The folding related to R-shears, T-tensional structural systems (T-systems) and C-compressive structural systems (C-systems) in a Riedel shear model are discussed. The R-system related folding results from differential movements between the two sides of fault blocks, in map view the fold is oriented (90°-φ/2) (in the initial deformation stage) or more than (90°-φ/2) from the principle displacement zone (PDZ), where φ is the angle of internal friction. The T-system related folding is related to the rollover of the hanging wall, and in map view the fold is initiated at 45° from the PDZ in the initial deformation stage. The C-system related folding is resulted from the compression induced by a wrench action, in map view the fold was oriented 45° from initial deformation in the PDZ. Bohai Sea basin fold orientations fit our models, and the wrench-related folds play important roles in oil and gas accumulation.     

国外基于GIS土地适宜性评价研究进展及展望

土地适宜性评价是土地利用总体规划的一项基本工作和重要内容。随着全球人口的增长及环境问题的日益加剧,研究探讨土地适宜性是处理好人口与资源、走可持续发展之路的重要课题。通过对大量文献的检索,较为系统地总结了国外学者有关基于GIS的土地适宜性评价的观点,按照土地适宜性评价方法的发展历程,将其分为三个方面：计算机辅助叠加制图、基于GIS多指标决策方法和人工智能建模。对于目前常用的基于GIS多指标决策和人工智能建模两种方法进行了评析;并提出评价方法正向精确化、综合化和动态化的方向发展,建议注重土地适宜性评价方法的空间尺度转换,力争在未来实现网络化、可视化。     

渤海海域营潍断裂带展布特征及新生代控盆模式

营潍断裂带是指郯庐断裂带的渤海段,限于资料原因,一直是郯庐断裂带研究的薄弱地带,本研究利用渤海油田现有的大量勘探资料就断裂带的空间展布、新生代控盆模式等尚存争议的问题做一较系统的研究,以期促进对郯庐断裂带的整体认识。总体认为营潍断裂带在渤海可分为东西两支,平面上可分为3段,两分支断层分别在各段均具有不同的构造表现形式,对新生代盆地构造格局、沉积盆地发育等具有完全不同的控制作用;整体特征反映出营潍断裂带在渤海新生代盆地的演化中,右旋走滑活动起到极为重要的作用。     

渤海西部海域新生代构造与演化及对油气聚集的控制

渤海西部处于渤海湾盆地黄骅坳陷中北区,东与渤中坳陷衔接,周临多个新生代富(含)烃洼陷,该区具有较大的油气勘探潜力。本文利用区内现有的大量勘探资料对其基本构造特征、演化史及其对油气聚集的控制作用进行了详细的研究与探讨。认为研究区整体构造格架受近东西向、北东向、北西向3组基底断裂控制,近东西向和北西向断层控制古近纪断陷及区内整体构造格局,而北东向与北西向断层在新近纪发生较强烈的走滑活动; 研究区新生代经历了多阶段演化过程,同时又整体表现出具隆拗过渡、整体隆升的演化背景; 复杂多阶段的演化过程使得区内油气多层位复式成藏; 另外,新近纪晚期构造活跃使得区内油气多在新近系浅层晚期成藏,并沿北西向与北东向断层优势成藏展布。     

渤中环形构造带特征和成因分析及其石油地质意义探讨

渤中凹陷为我国东部少有的富生烃凹陷,具有极大地油气勘探潜力。本文通过对渤中凹陷和其周缘各构造单元的展布关系、断裂系统的发育情况进行了系统梳理分析,认识到以渤中凹陷和渤东凹陷为中心的构造带具有环形构造的特征,以此为基础提出了"渤中环形构造带"的概念; 进一步对环形构造带的成因加以分析,认为可能是中生代末至始新世的深部热力构造作用(地幔热柱上涌)造成的; 最后依照环形构造带这一新思路,将渤中—渤东凹陷看作环形构造带内统一的烃源灶,对环形构造带的石油地质特征进行了分析,以期能进一步对油气勘探工作有所启发。     

Dynamic Plastic Analysis of Ship-Platform Collision

This paper studies intensively the problems of ship-platform collision.The ship and platformare treated as one structural system connected with spring elements and then motion equation of the colli-sion system is established.A nonlinear force-displacement relationship is derived for the simulation of lo-cal dent in a hit member and the yield surface of a dented tubular section is developed to consider the re-duction of load carrying capacity of hit members.Large deformations,plasticity and strain-hardening ofthe beam-column element are taken into account by combining the elastic large displacement analysis theo-ry with the plastic node method.The effect of the hydrodynamic forces acting on the platform,the rubberfender the property of the local dent and the buckling behavior of beam-column on collision are analyzed.The numerical simulation of the nonlinear dynamic response is carried out by Wilson θ method with updat-ed Newton-Raphson iteration.And the numerical example of the dynamic response of a offs     

基于α有限元法的二维水下声散射计算

众所周知,由于存在插值误差和污染误差的原因,高波数声学问题的有限元解是不可靠的。为了提高有限元法的求解精度,本文提出了一种新型的α有限元法来求解水下声散射问题。在α有限元法中,首先运用基于点的梯度光滑技术得到点光滑的梯度场,然后对点光滑有限元法进行推导。因此,α有限元模型既包含来自点光滑有限元模型的梯度成分又包含来自标准光滑有限元模型的梯度成分,充分利用了点光滑有限元模型的"过软"特性和标准有限元模型的"过刚"特性。为了处理外声场问题,本文运用了Dt N无反射边界条件。数值计算结果表明:与标准有限元法相比,α有限元法在水下声散射计算中具备更高的计算精度和计算效率。     

Geochemical Characteristics and Genetic Types of Natural Gas in the Xinchang Gas Field, Sichuan Basin, SW China

The molecular compositions and stable carbon and hydrogen isotopic compositions of natural gas from the Xinchang gas field in the Sichuan Basin were investigated to determine the genetic types. The natural gas is mainly composed of methane (88.99%–98.01%), and the dryness coefficient varies between 0.908 and 0.997. The gas generally displays positive alkane carbon and hydrogen isotopic series. The geochemical characteristics and gas-source correlation indicate that the gases stored in the 5~(th) member of the Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation are coal-type gases which are derived from source rocks in the stratum itself. The gases reservoired in the 4~(th) member of the Xujiahe Formation and Jurassic strata in the Xinchang gas field are also coal-type gases that are derived from source rocks in the 3~(rd) and 4~(th) members of the Xujiahe Formation. The gases reservoired in the 2~(nd) member of the Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation are mainly coal-type gases with small amounts of oil-type gas that is derived from source rocks in the stratum itself. This is accompanied by a small amount of contribution brought by source rocks in the Upper Triassic Ma'antang and Xiaotangzi formations. The gases reservoired in the 4~(th) member of the Middle Triassic Leikoupo Formation are oil-type gases and are believed to be derived from the secondary cracking of oil which is most likely to be generated from the Upper Permian source rocks.     

渤海湾盆地莱州湾凹陷新生代盆地演化

利用莱州湾凹陷及其围区现有的地震、钻井等勘探资料,通过地层展布特点分析、构造恢复、单井埋藏史-沉降史分析等手段,对凹陷的新生代构造演化进行了详细研究.对地层与构造的研究分析发现,新生代存在两期构造应力场变革对莱州湾凹陷的形成演化起到至关重要的作用,即沙三期前后应力场转换(40Ma左右)与古近纪、新近纪之间的应力场转换(20Ma左右),其中前者与郯庐断裂由左旋转为右旋这一事件相耦合,而可能与之具有一定内在联系.对于盆地性质的分析认为,莱州湾凹陷并非典型的右旋走滑拉分盆地,而是受走滑作用影响的以伸展作用主控的裂谷盆地,其中沙三期之前可能为左旋走滑影响下的断陷盆地,而之后则为右旋走滑作用改造下的断陷-坳陷盆地.综合分析后,最终将凹陷在新生代的演化分为断陷期(孔店-沙四期—沙三期)、断拗期(沙二-沙一期—东营期)、坳陷期(东一期—馆陶期)、新构造活动影响期(明化镇期至今)4个阶段.     

油气运移足迹的表象及意义

浅层不能生成油气,浅层成藏要有沟通深层油气源的断层,油气沿断层由深层运移至浅层的过程中可能留下足迹,足迹在地震剖面上有多种表象。统计足迹的表象特征,分析油气运移足迹的成因机理,是研究浅层油气成藏的有效手段。气烟囱等油气运移足迹的识别方法,是在生产中总结出并不断得到验证的经验,对生产有很好指导作用。