祁连山云系云微物理结构和人工增雨催化个例模拟研究

人工影响天气的学科基础是中小尺度天气动力学与云降水物理学,需要将天气-动力-云降水物理耦合为一体。考虑到目前将天气动力学性质的基础数值模式用于人工影响天气中的问题,从数值模式动力方程、模式分辨率、云物理过程、数值求解方案、初边值条件等方面系统地探索了发展人工影响天气数值模式中一些需要重点解决、且不可忽视的特色问题,并举例对相关问题提出了解决思路和方法。期望提出的问题有助于构思更适合于人工影响天气数值模式,使数值模式功能真正向满足人工影响天气的要求靠近一步。     

New progress and problems of Quaternary moraine dating in the Tibetan Plateau

Since the 20th century, numerous Quaternary moraine dating methods have emerged, including lichenometric, moraine 14C, quartz sand thermoluminescence （TL）, electron spin resonance （ESR）, optically stimulated luminescence （OSL） and 10Be, 26A1, 36C1, 3H, 21Ne nuclide dating methods. These dating methods are widely applied to determine moraine ages and have provided a large dataset. Unfortunately each method has its defects. In this paper, we will review these various dating methods and provide some comments.     

Use of radio-occultation data for ionospheric imaging during the April 2002 disturbances

In 1994, Hajj et al. (1994) proposed the use of radio occultation data in ionospheric imaging. The advantages gained by including this data source are examined in this paper. Many data sources including ground-based and satellite-based observations are available for the events of the April 2002 ionospheric disturbance. This period has been chosen to study simultaneous images of the disturbed ionosphere over the USA and Europe. A 4D tomographic imaging technique known as Multi-instrument Data Analysis System (MIDAS) (Mitchell and Spencer, 2003) is applied in this study. The primary purpose of the study is to compare images produced with and without the use of radio-occultation data. The work investigates whether GPS occultation combined with ground-based GPS data improves the determination of peak height and peak density in the images. The results indicate that the occultation data improve both the peak height and the peak density in the images. The use of ionosonde data is also examined and the results are compared between the USA and Europe.     

多宝山超大型铜矿床的成矿构造环境

多宝山超大型铜矿床是我国典型的斑岩型矿床，主要产出于多宝山组岛弧建造和花岗闪长岩、花岗闪长斑岩中，成矿年龄为292～283Ma。根据地球物理异常及大量的基性和超基性岩体，以及通过对比两侧的岩石圈结构、古生物、结晶基底、成矿特征和地球化学特征，认为黑河一嫩江是一条重要的构造边界带，它是兴安和松嫩地块在早石炭世拼合、碰撞、造山隆起形成的。多宝山超大型铜矿床就是形成于两板块碰撞后隆起抬升构造环境的斑岩型铜矿床。     

板块构造说的发生与发展

中国是世界文明发达最早的国家之一,中国已有了将近四千年的有文字可考的历史。上古和中古时代我国常常出现光辉的地质思想的萌芽。近古以来,宋明理学盛行,儒家定于一尊,早期出现的可贵苗头,得不到应有的发展。不但地球知识毫无进展,整个自然科学也一蹶不振,长期以来,处于混沌状态。相反,西方在古代漫长黑夜之后,到了十六世纪,所谓“宗教改革”特别是影响深远的“文艺复兴”,为学术的大步前进开辟了道路。     

辽西医巫闾山地区晚侏罗世花岗岩脉中热液锆石的成因与定年

辽西医巫闾山变质核杂岩经历过两阶段演化,晚侏罗世发育了围绕核部医巫闾山岩体周缘展布的长环形韧性剪切带（称为医巫闾山剪切带）,早白垩世西侧叠加了北北东走向瓦子峪伸展韧性剪切带。在医巫闾山剪切带及其变形下盘中侵入了大量的晚侏罗世花岗岩脉,其所含的锆石包括古老继承锆石、新生岩浆锆石、热液锆石等多种类型。根据锆石阴极发光图像、稀土元素配分曲线以及U、Th、Pb含量等特征,判别出热液锆石存在3种成因类型,包括流体的溶解—再沉淀、富Zr热液的直接结晶及流体的交代改造。它们共同具有高U、P、Y、Nb、Hf、Ta含量与低Th/U比值特征,前两种热液锆石还强烈富集稀土元素,其球粒陨石标准化配分曲线平坦。而第3类热液锆石具有亏损LREE、强烈富集HREE的特征,其配分曲线高度倾斜,不但有别于岩浆锆石与前两类热液锆石,也与前人对此类锆石的认识不一致。分析结果显示,高普通铅含量的热液锆石无法获得合理年龄,而大多数极低普通铅含量热液锆石则给出147 Ma左右的可靠年龄,略晚于岩脉的侵位时间（155～147 Ma）,有效地记录了区内晚侏罗世构造—岩浆事件的阶段。     

城市活动断层探测中的浅层地震勘探数据库建设——以石嘴山市活动断层探测为例

浅层人工地震勘探是城市活断层探测工程中的重要部分。浅层地震勘探数据库记录测点位置、测线分布图、断点位置等详细信息。本文以宁夏石嘴山市活动断层探测为例,重点介绍了针对石嘴山市内四条隐伏断裂所布设的33条浅层地震勘探测线数据库建设的数据库模型、技术方法、操作技巧及注意事项,为城市活断层探测中基于 ArcGIS等平台系统建立浅层地震勘探数据库提供借鉴。     

Three-dimensional forward modeling of DC resistivity using the aggregation-based algebraic multigrid method

To speed up three-dimensional (3D) DC resistivity modeling, we present a new multigrid method, the aggregation-based algebraic multigrid method (AGMG). We first discretize the differential equation of the secondary potential field with mixed boundary conditions by using a seven-point finite-difference method to obtain a large sparse system of linear equations. Then, we introduce the theory behind the pairwise aggregation algorithms for AGMG and use the conjugate-gradient method with the V-cycle AGMG preconditioner (AGMG-CG) to solve the linear equations. We use typical geoelectrical models to test the proposed AGMG-CG method and compare the results with analytical solutions and the 3DDCXH algorithm for 3D DC modeling (3DDCXH). In addition, we apply the AGMG-CG method to different grid sizes and geoelectrical models and compare it to different iterative methods, such as ILU-BICGSTAB, ILU-GCR, and SSOR-CG. The AGMG-CG method yields nearly linearly decreasing errors, whereas the number of iterations increases slowly with increasing grid size. The AGMG-CG method is precise and converges fast, and thus can improve the computational efficiency in forward modeling of three-dimensional DC resistivity.     

中国土壤动物生态地理研究进展(英文)

This review summarizes main research findings in soil fauna eco-geography in China in the past 30 years.The subject areas and main results were overviewed including biodiversity and eco-geological distribution of soil fauna communities.Studies of ecological distributions of soil fauna and dynamic ranges in space from tropical,subtropical to temperate regions,and in categories from forest,grassland,desert,wetland,farmland to urban ecosystems,the responses and indications of soil fauna to soil environments.Ef...