四川龙门山南段东缘泥石流

当地断裂众多，岩体破碎，崩塌滑坡遍布，加之是强震带和川西大暴雨中心区，相对高度３００—３５００ｍ，泥石流形成条件极为充分．泥石流沟汇水面积小，沟床比降陡，主沟长度短．绵竹汉旺后山泥石流综合治理后，可成为一个示例．     

利用树轮重建小兴安岭五营1796年以来的温度变化

 对黑龙江省小兴安岭五营丰林国家自然保护区建立的红松 (Pinus koraiensis) 树轮宽度年表与五营气象站的气候要素响应分析表明,树轮年表与生长季上一年10月份的平均温度显著相关,由此重建了1796-2004年五营10月份平均温度。此外,4月下旬的温度变化对五营红松树木的径向生长也具有一定的影响。1796-2004年,五营共经历了4个偏冷和4个偏暖期。周期分析表明,重建序列以3.33 a的周期最为显著,对重建序列30 a尺度的突变检验结果表明,1871年和1900年前后,五营地区10月份平均温度出现了显著的均值突变,1851年前后出现了明显的方差突变。     

From micro scale to boundary value problem: using a micromechanically based model

Acta Geotechnica - A 3D multi-scale approach is presented to investigate the mechanical behavior of a macroscopic specimen consisting of a granular assembly, as a boundary value problem. The core...     

The galaxy luminosity function in the LAMOST Complete Spectroscopic Survey of Pointing Area at the Southern Galactic Cap

We present optical luminosity functions(LFs) of galaxies in the~(0.1) g,~(0.1) r,~(0.1) i bands, calculated using data in~40 deg~2 sky area of the LAMOST Complete Spectroscopic Survey of Pointing Area(LaCoSSPAr) in the Southern Galactic Cap. Redshifts for galaxies brighter than r = 18.1 were obtained mainly with LAMOST. In each band, LFs derived using both parametric and non-parametric maximum likelihood methods agree well with each other. In the0.1 r band, our fitting parameters of the Schechter function are φ_*=(1.65 ± 0.36) × 10~(-2) h~3 Mpc~(-3), M_*=-20.69 ± 0.06 mag and α =-1.12 ± 0.08,which agree with previous studies. Separate LFs are also derived for emission line galaxies and absorption line galaxies. The LFs of absorption line galaxies show a dip at~(0.1) r ~18.5 and can be fitted well by a double-Gaussian function, suggesting a bimodality in passive galaxies.     

The secondary history of Sutter's Mill CM carbonaceous chondrite based on water abundance and the structure of its organic matter from two clasts

Sutter's Mill is a regolith breccia composed of both heavily altered clasts and more reduced xenoliths. Here, we present a detailed investigation of fragments of SM18 and SM51. We have characterized the water content and the mineralogy by infrared (IR) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and the structure of the organic compounds by Raman spectroscopy, to characterize the secondary history of the clasts, including aqueous alteration and thermal metamorphism. The three methods used in this study suggest that SM18 was significantly heated. The amount of water contained in phyllosilicates derived by TGA is estimated to be approximately 3.2 wt%. This value is quite low compared with other CM chondrites that typically range from 6 to 12 wt%. The infrared transmission spectra of SM18 show that the mineralogy of the sample is dominated by a mixture of phyllosilicate and olivine. SM18 shows an intense peak at 11.2 μm indicative of olivine (Fig. 1). If we compare SM18 with other CM and metamorphosed CM chondrites, it shows one of the most intense olivine signatures, and therefore a lower proportion of phyllosilicate minerals. The Raman results tend to support a short‐duration heating hypothesis. In the I_D/I_G versus FWHM‐D diagram, SM18 appears to be unusual compared to most CM samples, and close to the metamorphosed CM chondrites Pecora Escarpment (PCA) 91008 and PCA 02012. In the case of SM51, infrared spectroscopy reveals that olivine is less abundant than in SM18 and the 10 μm silicate feature is more similar to that of moderately altered CM chondrites (like Murchison or Queen Alexandra Range [QUE] 97990). Raman spectroscopy does not clearly point to a heating event for SM51 in the I_D/I_G versus FWHM‐D diagram. However, TGA analysis suggests that SM51 was slightly dehydrated as the amount of water contained in phyllosilicates is approximately 3.7 wt%, which is higher than SM18, but still lower than phyllosilicate water contents in weakly altered CM chondrites. Altogether, these results confirm that fragments with different secondary histories are present within the Sutter's Mill fall. The dehydration that is clearly observed for SM18 is attributed to a short‐duration heating based on the similarity of its Raman spectra to that of PCA 91008. Because of the brecciated nature of Sutter's Mill and the presence of adjacent clasts with different thermal histories, impacts that can efficiently fragment and heat porous materials are the preferred heat source.     

Spatial correlation description of deformation object based on fuzzy clustering and geological analysis

The methods of deformation analysis and modeling at single point are realized easily now,but available approaches do not make full use of the information from monitoring points and can not reveal integrated deformation regularity of a deformable body.This paper presents a fuzzy clusetering method to analyze the correlative relations of multiple points in space,and then the spatial model for a practical dangerous rockmass in the area of Three Gorges,Yangtze River is established,in which the correlation of six points in space is analyzed by geological investigation and fuzzy set theory.     

Supernova Sources and the 92Nb-92Zr p-Process Chronometer

We report new Zr isotope evidence for live (92)Nb (mean life: tau&d1;92Nb=52 Myr) within the early solar system resulting in &parl0;92Nb&solm0;93Nb&parr0;initial approximately 10-3. The meteoritic minerals rutile and zircon have, respectively, very high and very low Nb/Zr ratios and are ideal for exploring the (92)Nb-(92)Zr chronometer. Rutiles exhibit high positive straightepsilon92Zr ( approximately 14-36) while a zircon has a negative straightepsilon92Zr ( approximately -4), as would be expected if (92)Nb was live in the early solar system. The meteoritic rutiles appear to be young, with apparent times of formation of approximately 80-220 Myr subsequent to the origin of the solar system. The initial (92)Nb/(92)Mo for the solar system is broadly compatible with a model of uniform production if the (92)Nb/(92)Mo production ratio for Type II supernova (SNII) sources with neutrino-driven winds is used. Data for all the now extinct p-process nuclides ((92)Nb, (97)Tc, and (146)Sm) are consistent with these isotopes being derived by uniform production from SNII sources and a free decay interval of approximately 10 Myr. Consideration of a range of models indicates that the average p-process production ratio of (92)Nb/(92)Mo needs to be at least in the range of 0.06-0.25.     

Wavenumber and depth properties of temperature finestructure in the region around the Ryukyu Islands

INTRODUCTIONTheoceanicfinestructureintheEastChinaSea (ECS)Kuroshioregionhadbeenstudiedbyvariousresearchers.Fangetal.(1 988)studiedthefeaturesofthefinestructureinthesouthernshelfareaandtheKuroshioareaintheECSbyusingCTDdata .Baoetal.(1 996)analyzedsomefeaturesofthermohalinefinestructureandrevealeditsrelationwiththewatermassesandcurrentssysteminthenorthernECS .ButoceanicfinestructureintheeasternregionoftheKuroshiohassel dombeenstudied .Inthispaper,basedon 4 2CTDprofilesgatheredinsum…